初中英语时态 26页

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  • 2022-08-10 发布

初中英语时态

  • 26页
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(一)现在进行时作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态。  现在进行时表示1、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调“此时此刻”。E.g.Heisreading.Theyaretalkingnow.  2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g.Theyareworkingthesedays.  3、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.gIamcoming.  其结构为be+现在分词.现在分词的变法有  1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing,E.g.jump  2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing.E.ghave write  3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing.E.g.sitput  其句式变换都在be上做文章。  E.g.Heisbuyingabike.  Ishebuyingabike?  Heisn’tbuyingabike.  一般由look,listen,now,atthismoment等时间状语做标志。  尽管现在进行时比较简单,但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误,常见的错误有如下几种:  专项训练:  一、单选  1、Look!He_____theirmotherdothehousework.  A.ishelping    B.arehelp    C.ishelp   D.ishelpping\n  2、_____aretheboysdoing?Theyaresingingintheroom.  A.Who           B.How         C.What        D.Where  3、Don’ttalkhere.Mymother_____.  A.issleeping   B.aresleeping C.sleeping   D.sleep  4、Danny______.Don’tcallhim.  A.iswriteing   B.iswriting   C.writing     D.writes  5、–When_____he_____back?  –Sorry,Idon’tknow.  A.does,come      B.arecoming   C.iscome   D.iscoming  答案:A C A B D  二、填空  1、It’steno’clock.Mymother_____(lie)inbed.  2、What____he_____(mend)?  3、We_____(play)gamesnow.[NextPage]  4、What____you____(do)thesedays?  5、____he___(clean)theclassroom?  6、Who____(sing)inthenextroom?  7、Thegirl____(like)wearingasweater.Look!She____(wear)aredsweatertoday.  答案:1islying  2ismending  3 areplaying 4aredoing\n  5Iscleaning 6issinging 7likes; iswearing  一 把动词变成现在分词形式易出错  例:1、Theyareswiming.(swim)  2、Jennyisplaiing(play)football.  答案:1.swimming     2.playing  解析:动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”.“一添”指双写规则;“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则;“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。  二丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词  例:1、Look,twochildrenflying.(fly)akiteinthepark.  2、LiMingisn’tread(notread)abookinbednow.  答案:1areflying 2isn’treading  解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为:“be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。  三对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing  例:1、Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.(对划线部分提问)  Whatarethestudentsintheroom?  答案:Whatarethestudentsdoingintheroom?  解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What+be+主语+doing+其它?”  或简写为“What......doing......”?句式。  四现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式  例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?  Arethechildrenrunningorjump?  答案:Arethechildrenrunningorjumping?\n  解析:or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。     一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是中考复习的重点。它表示  1)  经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. Igotoschoolonfoot. Heisverybusynow.2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g.Hecanswim. Iworkhard. IlikewatchingTV.3)表示客观真理e.g.Therearesevendaysinaweek. Themoonmovesroundtheearth.2)  其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.  其句式变化可分为两种情况1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。E.g. Theyhavelunchat12:00. Theydon’thavelunchat12:00.  Dotheyhavelunchat12:00?  2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。  E.g. JennyspeaksEnglishverywell.  Jennydoesn’tspeakEnglishverywell.  DoesJennyspeakEnglishverywell?  含有be动词的要在be上做变化.  E.g.Dannyisagoodstudent.  Dannyisn’tagoodstudent.  IsDannyagoodstudent?\n  其时间状语为often、usually、always、sometimes等频率副词,onSaturdays、inthemorning(afternoonevening) 、everyday等。  做题时常见错误如下:  一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中  例:Weareplant (plant)thetreesinspring. 答案:plant  解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”  专项练习:一、单选  1Jenny____inanoffice. Herparents____inahospital.  Awork;works  Bworks;work C work;areworking D isworking;work  2Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat.  Ahave  Bthereis  Cthereare Dhas  3Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.  Adon'train Bdidn'train Cdoesn'train Disn'train  4Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.  Arose;set  Brises;sets Crises,set Drise;sets  5WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.  Alike;listen   Blikes;listens    Clike;arelistening   Dliking;listen  6Jenny____Englisheveryevening.  Ahasstudy Bstudies Cstudy Dstudied\n  答案:1B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B[NextPage]二、填空  1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_____ (come)tovisit.  2_____yoursister_____(know)English?  3Herhome____ _____ ______(远离)herschool.  4Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.  5Where_____you____(have)luncheveryday?  6Who_____(想要)togoswimming?  7______she_____(do)thehouseworkeveryday?  8JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon.  答案:1comes  2Does know 3isawayfrom 4doesn'tlook  5dohave 6wants  7does do  8play  二、单三人称形式易出错  例:1Heplaies(play)footballverywell.  2Dannygos(go)toschoolat7:10.  答案:1plays 2goes  解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.  三、在句式变换时易出错  例:1DoesJennyhas(has)agoodfriend?  2Briandoesn’tlives(notlive)inChina.  答案:1Does have   2doesn’tlive\n  解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g.Hedidn'tgohomeyesterday.  四、对do的理解易出错  例:Wedon’t(notdo)ourhomeworkintheafternoon.答案:don’tdo  解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。  五、对主语的数判断有误  例:LiMingwithmeare(be)inBeijing.答案:is  解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.  另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。 初中英语时态(三)过去进行时     过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解:1过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g.Theywereplayingfootballatteno’clockyesterdaymorning.  MymotherwascookingwhenIgothome. Iwaswashingmyclothesatthistimeyesterday.  2过去某阶段持续进行的动作 Whatwereyoudoingduringtheholiday? 另外,在复合句中,若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的,那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g.JennywasreadingwhileDannywaswriting.\n  其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were+v-ing.  其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g.Wewereworkinginclass.  Weweren’tworkinginclass.   Wereyouworkinginclass?  过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用,如lastnight,atthattime,atnoonyesterday,lastSunday等。也有时没有时间状语,要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g.Thestudentsallworkedhard.Everyoneknewwhathewasworkingfor.  做题时常见错误如下:  一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词  例:Hewastalked(talk)tohismumatthattime.  答案:wastalking  解析:过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。  二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词  例:1Iwatching(watch)TVwhenhecamein.  2Theywereplay(play)gamesat5:00p.m.yesterday.  答案:1waswatching  2wereplaying  解析:现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。  三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing  例:Wewereflyingkitesat5:00p.m.yesterday.(对划线部分提问)  Whatwereyouat5:00p.m.yesterday?  答案:Whatwereyoudoingat5:00p.m.yesterday?  解析:现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。  四、易与现在进行时弄混\n  例:Mymotheriscooking(cook)whenIgothome.答案:wascooking  解析:这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行,但现在进行时前提是现在,而过去进行时前提是过去,由whenIgothome可看出前提是过去。  五、易与一般过去时弄混  例:昨晚我在读一本故事书。  Iread(read)astorybookyesterdayevening.答案:wasreading解析:这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行,而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行,而“Ireadastorybookyesterdayevening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书,言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。另外,在宾语从句中当主句为过去时,从句若是现在进行时,需变成过去进行时。  e.g.Hesaidthathewasdrawingacatatnoonyesterday.  专项训练:一、单选  1What______fromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?  Ahaveyoudone  Bhadyoudone Cdidyoudo Dwereyoudoing  2–Icallyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.  -Oh.,I’msorryI_____dinneratmyfriend’shome.  Ahome Bhad Cwashaving Dhavehad  3Mymother_____whilemyfather_____TV.  Acooked;waswatching  Bwascooking;waswatching  Cwascooked;watched  Dcooked;watched  4WhenIgothome,myson_____themusic.\n  Aamlisteningto  Blistenedto  Cwaslisteningto Dwaslistening  5Weheardacrywhenwe______TVlastnight.  Awerewatching Bwouldwatch  Cwatch  Dwatched  6Sheaskedhimwhetherhe_____backforlunch.  Acome Bwascoming Ccame Dhadcome  7Couldyoutellmewhen______?  Asheiscoming  Bshewascoming  Cwillbecome  Dishecoming  8Theteacher______whenIcameintotheclassroom.  Aisdrawing  Bdraws  Chasdrawn  Dwasdrawing  9Thepizza______bymymother.Wouldyouliketohavesome?  Amakes Bwasmaking  Cmade  Dwasmade  10Nobodynoticedwhatshe______atthemoment.  Awilldo  Bwasdoing  Chasdone  Dhaddone  11Wasitraininghardwhenyou_____thismorning?  Aleft Bleaves Cwasleaving Dwouldleave  答案:1D  2C  3B  4C  5A   6B  7A  8D 9D  10B  11A  二、填空  1______they______(feed)theanimalsat5:00yesterdayafternoon?  2Mrs.Green_____ _____(notwash)clothesatthistimeyesterday.  3Grandpa______ ______(mend)hisclockwhenIreachedhome.  4AsI_____(walk)inthepark,Isawsomechildrenplayinggames.\n  答案:1werefeeding  2wasn’twashing   3wasmending  4waswalking 初中英语时态(四)一般过去时    一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解:1)过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Iboughtanewshirtyesterday.Hewasaworkertwoyearsago.2)过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g.WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedwithfire. LiLeialwayswalkedtoschoollastterm.3)谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g.LuXunwasagreatwriter.4)有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况,实际是过去发生的,也应用过去时态。e.g.Whatdidyousay?  另外,还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourpen?  其结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be动词的过去式为was,were;行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化有以下几种情况:1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ed.e.g.work-----worked;ask------asked;2)以e结尾的动词只加-d.e.g.arrive-----arrived;like-----liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.e.g.shop-----shopped;4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed.e.g.carry----carried;study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g.fly------flew;break-----broke;teach-----taught.这些需要象生单词一样记住.  其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章.e.g.Iwasbornin1980. Iwasnotbornin1980. Wereyoubornin1980?2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形;变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形.e.g.Iboughtagiftformymumyesterday. Ididn'tbuyagiftformymumyesterday. Didyoubuyagiftforyourmumyesterday?  其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g.yesterdaymorning;由"last+时间"构成的短语,e.g.lastyear;由"时间段+ago"构成的短语,e.g.threedaysago;另外,还有onthemorningofMonday,justnow等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.\n  常见错误如下:  一 把动词变成过去式易出错  例:1Theystoped(stop)talkingjustnow.  2Theyplaied(play)footballyesterday.答案:1stopped  2played  解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed."  二忘记把动词变成过去式  例:Ifly(fly)kitesontheafternoonofSunday.答案:flew  解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".专项练习一、过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式。is\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______   go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____  taste_________eat__________draw________put______   throw________kick_________pass_______  do________二、Be动词的过去时练习。1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?\n5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she__________.11.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.12._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_________.13.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.14.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.15.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.16.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.17.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.18.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.四、句型转换。1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________2.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________3、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.(改否定句)Lucy______________________herhomeworkathome.4、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)___________he_____________________meatinthefridge?5、Shestayedthereforaweek.(对划线部分提问)_______________________________she__________there?6、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.(变一般疑问句)_________there___________orangeinthecup?五、中译英。1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。___________________________________________________________2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。\n___________________________________________________________3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。___________________________________________________________4..格林先生去年住在中国。________________________________________________________5.昨天我们参观了农场。________________________________________________________6.他刚才在找他的手机。________________________________________________________7.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。I______________________________________excitingweekend.8.Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。Jennylikes___________________.She_________anEnglishbooklastnight.9.Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。Emma__________TVeveryday.Buthe____________________yesterday.10.上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。What________they__________________Saturday?初中英语时态(五)一般将来时    一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g.Theywillhaveafootballmatchtomorrow.  Hewillbethirtynextweek. Sheisgoingtobuyacoatthisafternoon.其结构有如下几种:1)will+动词原形(will可以用于任何人称)需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g.Shallwegotothezoo? 2)begoingto+动词原形3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.第一种结构的句式变化是:变否定句在will后边加not.变一般疑问句把will提前.e.g. Shewillbebackinthreedays. Shewillnotbebackinthreedays. WillShebebackinthreedays?第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章.E.g.Theyaregoingtocleantheirclassroom. Theyarenotgoingtocleantheirclassroom. Aretheygoingtoclean\ntheirclassroom?其时间状语有如下几种1)this引导的短语如thisyear 2)tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrowmorning3)next引导的短语如nextmonth 4)fromnowon;inthefuture;inanhour等。做题时常见错误如下:  一、易忽视动词用原形形式  例:1Hewillis(be)atschoolnextMonday.  2Heisgoingtodoes(do)hishomeworkafterschool.答案:1be 2do  解析:第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is,忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时,很容易把动词丢掉,“英语句子里,动词不能少”的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形,而不是用单三人称.。  二、begoingto+动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚  例:我正努力学习,准备参加英语考试。  IamstudyinghardandIwilltryformyEnglishexams.  答案:IamstudyinghardandIamgoingtotryformyEnglishexams.  解析:“begoingto”表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g.Heisgoingtovisithisfriends.还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g.Lookattheclouds.It’sgoingtorain.而“Will+动词原形”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g.Iwillwaitforyouuntilyoucome.在单纯预测未来时,二者可以互换,但在此题中只能用begoingto,而不能用will。  专项练习:一、单选  1_____you____adoctorwhenyougrowup?  AWill;goingtobe  BAre;goingtobe CAre;/  DWill;be  2Idon’tknowifhisuncle___.  Ithinkhe___ifitdoesn’train. Awillcome;comes Bwillcome;willcomeCcomes;comes Dcomes;willcome  3Hewillbeback_____afewminutes.Awith Bfor Con Din\n  4Whattime_____wemeetatthegatetomorrow?  Awill Bshall Cdo Dare  5Hewillhaveaholidayassoonashe_____theworknextweek.  Afinishes Bdoesn’tfinish Cwillfinish Dwon’tfinish [NextPage]6There_____someshowersthisafternoon.  Awillbe  Bwillhave  Cisgoingtobe  Daregoingtohave  7It____mybrother’sbirthdaytomorrow.She_____aparty.  Aisgoingtobe;willhave  Bwillbe;ishaving  Cwillbe;isgoingtohave  Dwillhave;isgoingtobe  8LiMingis10yearsoldnow,nextyearhe_____11.  Ais Bisgoingtobe  Cwillbe  Dwilltobe  答案:1B 2B 3D 4B 5A 6A 7C 8C  二、填空  1-“Ineedsomepaper.”  -“I____(bring)someforyou.”  2____(be)youfreetomorrow?  3They_________(notleave)untilyoucomeback.  4_____we_____(go)tothepartytogetherthisafternoon?  5Theywanttoknowwhenthemeeting_____start.  6I_____(go)withyouifIhavetime.  7Hurryup!Orwe______(be)late.\n  8What____you_______(do)tomorrowafternoon?  9Jenny_________(do)anexperimentthedayaftertomorrow.  10Ifsheisn’tfreetomorrow,she______(nottake)partintheparty.  答案: 1willbring 2Are 3won’tleave 4Shallgo 5will  6willgo  7willbe  8are goingtodo 9willdo 10won’ttake  三、Therebe结构的一般将来时易出错  例:There_________abasketballmatchthisafternoon.(B)  Aisgoingtobe  Bisgoingtohave Caregoingtobe  Daregoingtohave答案:A解析:Therebe结构的一般将来时既要符合Therebe结构,又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲,所以选了B,但Therebe结构就不成立了,此句中is是begoingto中的,是由后边的单数名词决定的.四、begoingto结构中易丢掉to  例:I’mgoing_______(go)schoolbybiketomorrow. (C)  Atowillgo Btogoto Cgoto Dtogo答案:B  解析:由tomorrow可知是一般将来时,begoingto+动词原形,所以先确定用togo,在B、D当中选,而gotoschool是固定词组,不能因为前边有一个to而省略,这是一个易错点,需要注意。另外,在时间状语或条件状语从句中,若主句用了将来时,从句则用一般现在时,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复. 初中英语时态(六)现在完成时 \n   现在完成时表示1)过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果.(即它的"完成用法")e.g.Ihavejustcleanedtheclassroom. 2)过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态。注意:此时动作可能还要继续。(即它的"未完成用法")。E.g.HehaslivedinBeijingfortenyears.  其结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同,不规则变化需要另记。  它的否定句是在have/has后边加not,变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。E.g.Ihaveriddenahorse. Ihavenotriddenahorse. Haveyouriddenahorse?  它的时间状语通常为already,just,yet,ever,never,before等。另外还可和since+表过去的时间点,for+时间段连用。  做题时常见错误如下:  一、易丢掉have/has  例:Hetaken(take)themedicinebefore.  答案:hastaken  解析:have/has为助动词,起构成时态的作用,是不能省略的。我们可以这样记:“现在完成时态中,have/has不可缺。”  二、have与has易用混  例:Ihasneverheard(hear)ofthatbefore.  答案:haveheard  解析:现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化,当单三人称作主语时用has,一般人称作主语时用have.  三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错\n  例:Shehasleft(离开)for2hours.  答案:hasbeenaway  解析:在肯定句中,与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词,不能是短暂性动词,但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。E.g.Ihaven'tboughtclothesforoneyear.在此题中leave是短暂性动词,不能与for+时间段连用,须把它改成相应的延续性动词。如stopbeover等。此题中leave要改成beaway。这两种词的转换是学习现在完成时需要注意的。  专项练习:  一、单选  1Youhave_____atallyoungman.  Agrown Bgrown into Cgrownus Dgrownup  2Hehas____thewatchforayear.  Abuy Bbought Chave Dhad  3Hasyourbrother_____thedog?  Akeptin Bfed Cfedon Dkepton  4I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.  Aborrowed Bhave borrowed  Ckept Dhavekept  5Haveyouever_____totheGreatWall?It'sverybeautiful.  Agone Bbeen Cwent Dgo  6Herbrother_____thePartysince1978.Ajoined Bhasjoined Chasbeenin Dwasin 7TheGreens_____manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.  Awillvisit Bvisited Chavevisited Dvisit\n  8I'msorry,I____yourname.  Ahadforgotten Bforgot Chaveforgotten Dforgotten  9Thebookshop_____foreightyears.  Ahasbeenopen  Bhasbeenopened  Chasopened  Dhasopen  10Wehave      allthepapersoweneedtobuysome.  Ausedup Bmadeof  Cfilledwith Dhuntedfor  11TheflowerI____grownup.  Aplantedhas  Bplantedhave  Chasplanted  Dhaveplanted  答案:1B 2D 3B 4D 5B 6C 7C 8C 9A  10A  11A  二、填空  1Haveyouever______(take)atrain?  2It_________(be)morethanthreeyearssinceJim______(leave)here.  3Haveyou_____(make)friendswithyournewclassmatesyet?  4I_______(have)mylunchandI'mnothungrynow.  5Jimhasneverseenapanda,_____he?  6We______(be)goodfriendssincewemetatschool.  7Wecan'tfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe______(go)home.  8He_____(read)thebookbefore.  9Mr.Green_____(teach)usalotaboutsocialstudiessinceSeptember.  10I_____never____(meet)hersisterbefore.  答案:1taken  2hasbeen,left  3made 4havehad  5has6have\nbeen  7hasgone  8hasread  9hastaught  10havemet  四、havebeento与havegoneto易弄混  例:我去过北京。  IhavegonetoBeijing.  答案:IhavebeentoBeijing.  解析:"havebeento+地点"是表示曾去过某地,但此刻不在那儿(即在说话的地方)。而"havegoneto+地点"是表示去某地了,此刻在路上或已经到了那个地方(即不在说话的地方)。注意:这两个句式后接副词时,需省to。E.g.Hehasgonethere.  五、忘记把already变成yet  例:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(变一般疑问句)  Haveyoualreadyfinishedyourhomework?  答案:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?  解析:现在完成时态中,肯定句中有already,变否定句或疑问句时通常要改为yet.  六、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来  例:I'llgowithyouwhenIfinish(finish)myhomework.  答案:havefinished  解析:在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作,用现在完成时。但注意,此时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成,若两动作同时发生,或几乎同时发生,则一般不用现在完成时。  另外,现在完成时易与一般过去时弄混,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复 初中英语时态(七)过去完成时  \n   过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,动作发生的时间是"过去的过去"。它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到.E.g.Bytheendofthematch,theyhadkickedtwogoals.Wehadalreadyhadlunchbeforewearrivedthere.  其结构是"had+过去分词".  它的否定句是在had后边加not,变一般疑问句是把had提前。E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock. Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock. Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock?  它通常和before,bytheendof等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用.另外,复合句的主句为一般过去时,宾语从句表达过去发生的动作时,从句也要用过去完成时. E.g.Hesaidhehadneverseensuchanexcitingmatchbefore.  做题时常见错误如下:  一、had形式易写错  例:Hehads(have)gonehomewhenIgottohisoffice.  答案:had  解析:have/has的过去式都为had,had在过去完成时中也是助动词,不能再有单三人称的变化.  二、易与现在完成时弄混  例:HeaskedwhatIhave(have)said.  答案:had  解析:现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果.而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果.  三、易与一般过去时弄混  例:Shelived(live)inNewYorkforeightyearsbeforehecametoChina.  答案:hadlived\n  解析:一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别,即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的是过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时。  专项练习:  一、单选  1WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.  Ahas;beensent  Bhad;sent  Chas;sent Dhad;beensent  2We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.  Ahadlearned B learned  Chavelearned  Dwillhavelearned  3HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch,soshewasveryhungry.  Ahashad Bhasn'thave Chavehad Dhadn'thad  4Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_____builtinthecity.  Ahavebeen Bhave Chadbeen Dwill  5She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft;comes Bhadleft;wouldcome Chadleft;came Dleft;hadcome  6HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.  Ahadenjoyed Bwasenjoying Chaveenjoyed Dhavebeenenjoying  7Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.Ahasbegun;get Bhasbeenon;get Chadbegun;got Dhadbeenon;got[NextPage]\n  答案:1D 2A 3D 4C 5C 6A 7C  二、填空  1WhenIreturnedhome,he_____(leave).  2Bytenyesterdayevening,she________(finish)writing.  3He______(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.  4It____ _____(stop)rainingwhenIwakeupthismorning.  5I_____(notread)thebookbecauseIhadreaditbefore.  6Shesaidshe____(be)bornin1992.  7Whenhe_____(come)toChinatwoyearsagohefoundpeopledidn'tunderstandhimatallthoughhe________(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.  8IsawHanMeiyesterday.We_____(notsee)eachothersinceleftBeijing.  9WhenIgottohishome,he_____(go)tobed.  10SheaskedifMr.Liu_____already_____(come)back.答案:1hadleft  2hadfinished  3hadstudied  4hadstopped  5didn'tread  6was   7came  hadlearned  8hadn'tseen   9hadgone  10hadcome 初中英语时态(八)过去将来时 \n  过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态.是在某一过去时之后发生的动作.我们可以理解为它是"立足于过去,着眼于未来"的一种时态.E.g. LiMingsaidthatyouwouldbehappyifyouheardfromme. 过去将来时还可表示过去习惯性的动作.E.g.EveryeveningMr.Wangwouldgoandtalkwithhisstudents. 过去将来时常用在宾语从句中.主句为过去时,从句表示将要发生的事情.E.g.Ididn'tknowifshewouldcome.它也常用于间接引语中.E.g.HetoldmethathewouldgoonatriptoBeijingthenextday.        其结构为"would/should+v".第一人称用should,其它人称用would.E.g.IhopedIshouldbewellagainverysoon. Mymothertoldmeshewouldgoshopping. 过去将来时也可以用 "was/weregoingto+v" 来表示.E.g.Hesaidthathewasgoingtohaveawalkwithhismother. 注意:go,come,leave,start 等表示位置移动的动词,常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的事情.E.g.Hedidn'tsaywhenhewascoming.       常见错误是:    在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中忘记用一般过去时代替过去将来时.    例:HesaidthathewasgoingtotheGreatWallifitwouldn'train(rain)thenextSaturday.     答案:didn'train     解析:条件状语从句和时间状语从句中一般不用过去将来时,而常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作.  专项练习:  一、单选  1-Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn'tarrivedyet.  -Well,hesaidhe_____hereontime.  Acame Bwouldcome Ccanbe Dwillbe  2Assoonasthebabysawhermother,she_____.\n  Awasgoingtocry  Bcryed  Cbegantocry  Dwascrying  3LiMingsaidhe_____happyifBrian_____toChinanextmonth.  Aas;come  Bwas;wouldcome  Cwouldbe;came  Dwillbe;come  4Jennysaidshe_____herholidayinChina.  Aspent Bwouldspent Cwasgoingtospent  Dwouldspend  答案:1B  2A  3C  4D      二、填空  1Shesaidthebus_______(leave)atfivethenextmorning.  2Iwasn'tsurewhetherhe_______(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.  3Hewasfifty-six.Intwoyearshe_______(be)fifty-eight.  4Whenevershehastime,she______(help)themintheirwork.  答案:1wasleaving    2wouldlend   3wouldbe    4wouldhelp   

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