初中英语动词专题 8页

精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除动词动词的含义动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。动词的种类:类别特点举例及物动词（vt）跟宾语Ilikemusic.不及物动词（vi）不跟宾语Itrainedlastnight.系动词跟表语Iamadoctor.Sheisanurse.Weareveryhappy.助动词跟动词原形或分词Idon’tlikeplayingbasketball.Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.情态动词跟动词原形ShecanspeakJapanese.动词时态一般现在时（3种结构）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。“主·谓·（宾）”结构Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Aliceusuallygoestoschoolbybusinthemorning.Ilikelisteningtoclassicalmusic.“There·be”结构Thereisamaponthewall.Therearesomebirdsinthesky.“主·系·表”结构It’sverycoldtoday.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Myfatherisateacher.动词第三人称单数动词特征构成例词一般动词词尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾记忆技巧：吃（ch）蛇(sh,s)后喝XO词尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes(发送传真)【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除以y结尾辅音字母+y,变y为i，再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playsstay-stayssay-says一般过去时（3种结构）表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中,动词必须用过去式.动词过去式及过去分词的构成规则变化构成法词例(1)一般情况下加edwork--worked--workedplay--played--played(2)以e结尾的，加dlive--lived--livedlike--liked--liked(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i，再加ed.study--studied--studiedcry--cried--cried(4)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.stop--stopped--stoppedprefer--preferred--preferredrefer-referred-referredoccur-occurred-occurred不规则变化（参考课本）一般过去时常见的提示:yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;last（week/month/year/Sunday--）this---；justnow；---ago;after---;when---等等。注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借助did或didn’t构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：Iwenttothezooyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tgototheparklastweekend.DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?现在进行时表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。（只有延续性动词有进行时；非延续性动词没有进行时）主语+系动词（am/is/are）+现在分词现在分词的构成构成法词例(1)一般情况下加ing.work--working；learn--learning(2)以e结尾的，去掉e，再加ing.live--living；take--taking(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ing.sit--sitting；stop--stoppingchat--chatting；refer--referring(4)以ie结尾的，要改ie为y，再加ing.tie--tying；lie--lying【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除现在进行时的标志：Look；Listen；now；atthemoment/atpresentLook.Aliceisreadingamagazineoverthere.Listen.PeterissingingaChinesesong.AliceistalkingtoPeternow.I’mlearningJapaneseatthemoment.特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。I’mgoingtoschoolnow.MaryisleavingforNewYorksoon.SpringFestivaliscoming.I’marrivinginBeijing.过去进行时表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。主语+系动词（was/were）+现在分词Davidwasdoinghishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkathistimeyesterday.TomwashavingbreakfastwhenMarycalledhim.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。主语+will+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：例如：Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.JohnisgoingtovisitHangzhounextweek.MyfatheriscomingtoQingdaotomorrow.一般将来时常见的提示:tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;nextweek;inthefuture;inthreedays;thisevening,soon,attheendofthisterm一般将来时的用法1.表示将来的动作或状态。例如：WewillgettoShanghaitomorrow.2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般将来时。例如：Getupearly,andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.“begoingto+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”begoingto和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。说明例句带有意愿色彩Iwillhelpyoulater.【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?Willyougowithme?在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，用willMr.Wangwillcomeifitdoesn’train.HewillcallusassoonashegetstoHongKong.过去将来时表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。(间接引语/宾语从句)主语+would+动词原形主语+(was/were)+goingto+动词原形主语+(was/were)+非延续动词的动名词例如：Ithoughtyouwouldhelptheoldman.Marywasgoingtotakepartinthismeeting.HesaidhewasleavingforHongKong.现在完成时含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”.汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语.构成：主语+have/has+过去分词例如：Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.(结果：我了解这部影片的内容)Hehashadagoodeducation.(结果：他的知识水平很高)现在完成时常见的标志 :sofar/uptonow ;recently ;inrecentyears ;before ;inthepast… /inthelast…/overthepast…/overthelast… since/for:既可以用于 “现在完成时”,也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.already/yet/ever/never/before:既可以用于“现在完成时”,也可以用于“过去完成时”.Ihavealreadyfinishedthework./Ihavejustfinishedthework.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet ?Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词可以接一段时间；非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间,如果要接一段时间,就必须把非延续性动词替换成相应的延续性动词.come--behereHecameheretwohoursago.Hehasbeenherefortwohours.go--beout/beawayTheywentoutanhourago.Theyhavebeenoutforanhour.leave---beawayTomlefttenminutesago.【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除Tomhasbeenawayfortenminutes.buy---haveIboughtthisdictionary10yearsago.Ihavehadthisdictionaryfor10years.begin---beonThefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.某些延续性动词（如：lookfor,watch,waitfor,live,work,develop,teach,learn,study,rain等）与since或for连用时，表示“从过去的某一时刻起,一直持续到现在的动作”，它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相替换。Hehaslivedherefor20years.Hehasbeenlivingherefor20years.▲havebeento表示“曾经去过---” :IhavebeentoBeijingbefore.▲havegoneto表示“已经去了---” :TheyhavegonetoJapan.过去完成时主语+had+过去分词表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作--“过去的过去”.Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned12Englishsongs.Bythetimehegothome,alltheguestshadleft.Whentheyarrivedattherailwaystation，thetrainhadalreadyleft.BeforeIwenttobed，Ihadfinishedreadingthatbook.AfterIhadfinishedreadingthebook，Iwenttobed.“bytheendoflast---”只能用于“过去完成时”Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned5000Englishwords.现在完成进行时主语+have/has+been+现在分词表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在，一直在做某事。IhavebeenwaitingforyourreplysinceIsentyoualetterIhavebeenlivingherefor20yearsIthasbeenrainingsincelastnightSince1989,WangGanghasbeenworkinginthiscompany.HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor10years.专项练习动词时态专项训练1．HeoftentotheparkwithsomefriendsonSundays.A.goB.goesC.isgoingD.hasgone2．Tom’sfatherlisteningtoclassicalmusic.A.likeB.don’tlikeC.likesD.isliking3．yourmotherupearlyinthemorning.A.Do/getB.Do/getsC.Does/getsD.Does/get4．Look,theboysfootballontheplayground.A.playB.playingC.areplayingD.isplay5．PeterwentswimmingwithMikeyesterday,he?A.didB.doesC.didn’tD.doesn’t6．IaUFOintheskywhileIwastalkingawalkinthestreetjust【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除now.A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.wasseeing7．FredamodelplanewhenIwenttoseehim.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made8．I’lltellhertocallyoubackwhensheback.A.willcomeB.comesC.hascomeD.iscoming9．Myfathercigarettes,hethinksitisharmfulforhealth.A.didn’tsmokeB.don’tsmokeC.doesn’tsmokesD.doesn’tsmoke10．I2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.wouldlearnD.waslearning11．Howlongyouthemobilephone?A.haveboughtB.have/hadC.did/buyD.do/buy12．MybrothertoLondonmanytimes,soheknowsLondonverywell.A.wasgoingB.wentC.hasbeenD.hasgone13．Iwanttoknowifyoufreetomorrowevening.Ifyoufree,I’dliketoinviteyoutodinner.A.willbe/areB.are/willbeC.are/areD.willbe/willbe14．Listen,themusicverynice.A.issoundingB.soundC.soundsD.issounded15．ImybesttolearnEnglishwellfromnowon.A.triedB.havetriedC.amtryingD.willtry16．Ourteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.A.travelledB.travelsC.hadtravelledD.istravelled17．MrBrownisn’tathomenow.Hetohisoffice.A.hadgoneB.hadbeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen18．Hesaidhewouldgotothemovieswithusifhefree.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.was19．Jennytovisithergrandmathreedaysago.A.wentB.goesC.hasgoneD.hadgone20．TheGreensChinaforfiveyears.A.hasbeeninB.havebeeninC.hascometoD.havegoneto21．Thereabasketballmatchinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.A.willhaveB.willbeC.wouldbeD.isgoingtohave22．ItoHainanforvacationinthreedays.A.wentB.goC.willgoD.wasgoing23．HowlongyouFrenchbeforeyouwenttoParis?A.had/studiedB.have/studiedC.do/studyD.would/study【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除24．Hi,Peter.Iyouwerehere.A.don’tknowB.haven’tknownC.hadn’tknownD.didn’tknow25．Wewillgeteverythingreadybeforeshehere.A.willcomeB.comesC.wouldcomeD.came26．Tomhiscoatandthenwentout.A.putonB.putsonC.hadputonD.wouldputon27．Neitherofusinterestedinfolksongs.A.wereB.amC.isD.are28．IheardherinthenextroomwhenIgothome.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.played29．LindaTVsince6o’clockthismorning.A.waswatchingB.hasbeenwatchedC.hadwatchedD.hasbeenwatching30．Hetoworkinafactoryattheageof17.A.beganB.hasbegunC.wouldbeginD.hadbegun31．OnedaywhileIalongthestreet,Isomeonecallingme.A.walked/heardB.waswalking/washearingC.waswalking/heardD.walked/washearing32．NeitherInorheinphysics.A.areinterestingB.areinterestedC.isinterestingD.isinterested33．Iinthebarforanhourbeforeshe.A.hadwaited/arrivedB.waited/hadarrivedC.waswaiting/hadarrivedD.havewaited/arrive34．Hehemebefore.A.said/hasmetB.said/hadmetC.says/hadmetD.issaying/hasmet35．TinasaidthatsheapartyathomethenextSaturdayevening.A.hadheldB.willholdC.wouldholdD.isholding36．Whenhearrivedatthecinema,thefilmalready.A.was/startingB.would/startC.has/startedD.had/started37．--Where’sMrGreen?--HeJapanonbusiness.Hebackintwoweeks.A.hasgoneto/isB.hasbeento/willbeC.hasbeento/comesD.hasgoneto/willbe38．Hehasneverseensuchawonderfulmoviebefore,?A.hasn’theB.didn’tC.hasheD.didhe39．JeanmewhetherItoLondonbefore.A.asked/hadbeenB.asked/wouldgoC.asked/hasbeenD.asked/went40．Ihersince2007.【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除A.didn’tseeB.hadn’tseenC.haven’tseenD.haven’tbeenseeing41．Ilateinthemorninginthepast,butnowIearly.A.usedtogetup/amusedtogetupB.amusedtogetting/usedtogetupC.usedtogetup/amusedtogettingupD.amusedforgetting/usedtogetup42．Ithecomputerforthreeyears.A.haveboughtB.havehadC.hadboughtD.bought43．Ithemoviebefore.Itenyearsago.A.haveseen/sawB.hadseen/sawC.saw/haveseenD.hadseen/haveseen44．FranktoQingdaofiveyearsago,andhehereforfiveyears.A.hascome/livedB.hadcome/livedC.came/hadlivedD.came/haslived45．Idon’tknowwhenhe.Whenhe,I’llletyouknow.A.arrives/willarriveB.willarrive/willarriveC.willarrive/arrivesD.arrives/arrives46．WhenyoutolearnEnglish?A.do/beginB.did/beginC.have/begunD.had/begun47．LindawenttothepartylastSaturday,and.A.sowasIB.soIwasC.sodidID.soIdid48．--Whattheweatherliketomorrow?--Itverycold.A.is/goingtobe/isB.will/be/willC.is/goingtobe/isgoingD.will/be/willbe49．--Excuseme.Lookatthesign:NoSmoking.--Sorry.Iit.A.don’tseeB.didn’tseeC.haven’tseenD.won’tsee50．WhenJackarrived,helearnedthatMaryforalmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenawayBCDCCACBDABCACDBCDABBCADBACBDACDABCDDCACCBADCBCDBD【精品文档】第8页