初中英语近义词辨析 14页

初中英语近义词辨析初中英语近义词辨析\n主要内容1、“问”的方法2、“保持”与“停留”3、小心“前方”4、“喜欢”两兄弟5、“回答”两姐妹6、“听”的艺术7、自从与18、“非常”不同9、“花费”小议10、如何“装满”11、“如此”讲解\nask\askfor【结伴同行】YOUcanaskyourfatherhowtogettothebookstoreandthenaskhimforsomemoney.【句意品味】你可以问你的父亲如何去那家书店并向他要些钱。【用法点拨】ask是“问”的意思，而askfor是“请求、向...要...”的意思，常以asksbforsth的句型出现。【范例比较】1、Askthatmanoverthere.2、Heisaskingthatmenforhelp.【同步检测】根据句意用ask\askfor的适当形式填空。1、Iwantto____youthewaytothehospital.2、Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer,soIshould____myuncle____help.3、Theteacher_____ustodoourhomeworkcarefully.4、Mymother_____metogotoseemygrandmotherlastweek.5、Ican'tfindthewaytomyuncle'shouse,Ineedto____help.\nkeep\stay【结伴同行】Don'tkeepthepatientstayinginbedallthetime.【句意品味】别老让病人呆在床上。【用法点拨】keep是及物动词，有“保持、留住”的意思，常用于表示保留某物或使某人某物处于某种状态；stay是不及物动词，表示“停留”（在某地）。【范例比较】1、Thesixstudentsmustkeeptheirhandsbehindtheirbacks.2、TheystayathomeonSundays.【同步检测】根据句意用keep\stay的适当形式填空。1、TodayisSunday,soImust____athometolookaftermylittlesisterand_____ourhouseclean.2、Wearestudents,weshould____ourclassroomcleanallthetime.3、Theotherstudentsmust____theirhandsbehindtheirbacks.4、____standinginthesun,and____quite.\ninfrontof\inthefrontof【结伴同行】ThereisacarinfrontofthehouseandTomsitsinthefrontofthecarwiththedriver.【句意品味】房子前面有一辆小汽车，汤姆与司机一起坐在汽车的前部。【用法点拨】infrontof表示“在...（某范围之外）的前面”，inthefrontof则表示“在...（某范围之内）的前面”。【范例比较】1、TomisplayingwithJiminforntofthefire.2、Theintroductionisalwaysintheforntofthebook.【同步检测】根据句意用infrontof\intheforntof的适当形式填空。1、Theteacherisstanding________theclsssandthereisabigtree________theclassroom.2、Thereisabeautifulcat________thebackdoor.3、Wealwayssit_________thecar.4、Abigtreeis_________theoldhouse.5、Thebookcoversalways_________thebooks.6、Theblackboardis________theclassroom.\nenjoy\like【结伴同行】-Doyoulikesinging?-Yes.AndIalsoenjoylisteningtosongs.【句意品味】-你喜欢唱歌吗？-是的。我还喜欢听歌。【用法点拨】两者均可用作及物动词，都有喜欢之意。只是like是个普通用词，语气一般；而enjoy着重表示享受...的乐趣。两者都可跟名词、代词、动名词，而like后还可用动词不定式。【范例比较】1、Tomandhisfriendsliketoplayinthetreehouse.2、Doyouenjoyyourwork,uncle?【同步检测】根据句意用enjoy\like的适当形式填空。1、Mysister_____watchingTV,butI_____listeningtotheradio.2、Myfriends_____togotothemountions,butmyparents___swimming.3、Doyou_____yournewcolourpencils?4、TodayisChildren'sDay.Weall______ourselvesonthisday.\nreply\answer【结伴而行】Thereplyisnotananswer.【句意品味】回答得不中肯（不称其为答复）。【用法点拨】两者均可用作动词和名词。answer是个通俗用词只针对question要给出的，内容简单的回答，常与ask相呼应；reply指正式的答复，常用作不及物动词.【范例比较】1、Askandanswer.2、Icalledyoulastnight,buttherewasnoreply.【同步检测】根据句意用reply\answer的适当形式填空。1、Ourhomeworkissodifficult,Ican'tfindoutthe_____tothequestions.2、IaskedliuMingforsomemoneylastweek,buttherewasno_____.3、Iamnewhere,Idon'tknowthewaytothepark,soIcan't_____yourquestion.4、An______isdifferentfroma______.5、Canyou______mewhereyouarefrom，pleasegivemeyour______quickly.6、Iwroteyoumanyletters,buttherewasno______.\nlisten\hear【结伴而行】Ididn'thearanyoneshouting,becauseIwaslisteningtotheradiothen.【句意品味】我没有听到任何人的叫声，因为我那时正在听收音机。【用法点拨】listen是不及物动词，强调“听的动作”，其后若跟宾语，须有to,即listentosb.而hear是及物动词，强调“听的结果”，常用于句型hearsbdosth.另外，listen可单独使用,而hear却不可以。【范例比较】1、Iliketolistentothepopsongs.2、Hecan'thearyouspeaking，becausethereissomethingwrongwithhisears.【同步检测】根据句意用listen\hear的适当形式填空。1、_____!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.2、A：Thebellisringing,_____!Canyou____it?B:I_____butIcan't_____anything.3、Theradiosaysitisgoingtorainthisevening,don'tyou_____that?4、Intheclasswemust_____totheteachercarefullyoryoucan't_____anything.\nsinceandfor【相同之处】两者都可用作介词表示时间，常与完成时句子连用，两者引导的时间状语不能与终止性的动词的肯定式连用。【不同点】since后接时间点，for后接时间段；since表时间还可用作连词和副词，而for表时间则无此用法。【举例说明】1、Shehasbeeninshanghaisincesixyearsago.2、Hehasbeenamemberofthefootballteamfortwoyears.【同步检测】根据句意用since的适当形式填空。1、Shehasbeenill____morethanayear.2、HeleftheretenyearsagoandIhaveneverheardofhim___3、Ithasn'trained____twomonthsago.4、MrBrownhastravelledbytrain_____aboutaweek.5、Maryhasbeenhome_____eighto'clocktoday.6、Theyhavebeenmyfriends____Iwasachild.\nquiteandvery【相同之处】两种均为程度副词，均可修饰副词和形容词，都有“非常”的意思。【不同点】两者与不定冠词连用时的位置不同。即依照“a(n)+very+形容词+中心名词”和“quite+a(n)+形容词+中心名词”或“a(n)+quite+形容词+中心名词”的顺序排列。有时两者可以通用，在程度上very比quite重。另外，very不能直接修饰动词，而quite却可以。【举例说明】1、Ifeelquitewell.2、Thefactryisverylarge.3、Jamesisquiteasmallboy.isaverysmallboy.【同步检测】根据句意用quiteandvery的适当形式填空。1、Idon't____understandyou.2、Myhairisnot____thesamecolorasyous.3、Heis____young.4、I'llgiveyou___athickbooktoread.5、Itisa____interestingfilm.\ncost\pay\spend\take【相同之处】四个词均表示“花费”【不同点】1）cost的主语一般是“物”，而spend的主语通常为“人”。2）costpay通常用于花费金钱，而spendtake即可表示花费金钱也可用于花费时间。【常用句型】1）Itcostsb.somemoney.2)sb.spendsomemoneyonsthindoingsth.3)payforsthforsb.4)sb.paysomemoneyforsth=sb.spendsomemoneyonsthindoingsth=sthcostssb.somemoney.5)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth=sb.spendsometimeindoingsth.【注意】take的主语也可以是某项活动。Eg:Theworkwilltakethreeweeks(tofinishit).\n用所给词的适当形式填空。（cost\spendpay\take)1)Thecap____me50yuan.2)I_____50yuanonthecap.____50yuaninbuyingthecap.3)Nowthatyouhavenomoney,soI'll____foryou.4）He____30yuanforapairofpants.___30yuanonapairofpants.pairofpants____him30yuan.5)It____methreehourstodomyhomeworkeveryday.＿＿threehourstodonyhomework.6）Tofinishthisbook_____mysisterfiveyears.7)Iwill____forthemeal.8)Thisbeautifulskirt____metwohundredyuan.小试牛刀\nfillandfull【启发点拨】这两个词都有“满”的意思，但用法有别：【词性不同】：fill是动词，意为“充满、装满”，而full是形容词，意为“满的”。【搭配不同】fill与with搭配，而full和of搭配。【注意】befilledwith与befullof同义，但前者强调的是动作，而后者侧重的是状态。【例句对比】1、Thecupisfilledwithhotwater.2、Hefilldetheholewithsand.3、ThebusesinBeijingarealwaysfullofpassengers.【学会应用】根据提示完成句子。1、Hisheadis____(装满）strangeideas。2、Thehallatonce_____(装满）greatjoy.3、Ourschoolwas____ofstudents.4、I____（塞满）mypurse_____money.5、Thebottlesare_________orange.\nsoandsuch【启发点拨】两者均为“如此”“那么”，含义相同、词性相同，但用法不一样。【修饰语不同】so修饰副词、形容词，而such修饰名词。【结构不同】在修饰单数名词时so+adj+a+单数名词与such+a+adj+单数名词可互换。so修饰副词、形容词，such修饰名词，均可与that组成固定搭配，意为“如此......以至于......".【例句对比】1、Heissuchahandsomeboy.2、Heissohandsomeaboy.【热身演练】根据句意用so\such的适当形式填空。1、Thisis____niceahorse.2、Theflowersare____beautiful.3、Heruns____fastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim.4、Mybrotherbought____athickdictionary,heis___happy.