初中英语变形规则 10页

..初中英语变形规那么一、名词单数变复数规那么：1、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例：friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces2、但凡以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化：统一加读[iz]。例：bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。读音变化：加读[z]。例：candy→candies;daisy→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories4、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否那么加-s构成复数。读音变化：加读[z]。例：tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo→torpedoes;bingo→bingoes反例：silo→silos;piano→pianos〔外来词〕;photo→photos;macro→macros〔缩写词〕5、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。例：knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff→staves;scarf→scarves反例：roof→roofs6、不规那么变形：manwomanchildfoottoothgooseMouseFrenchmanEnglishmanoxChineseJapanesesheepdeerfishPeoplepolicecattlemandoctorjz*\n..口诀：男人女人a变e，孩子后加ren；中国人和日本人，绵羊鹿鱼形不变；脚和牙齿还有鹅，就把oo变ee；mouse、mice是老鼠，公牛ox加en；人们警察牵小牛，单数形式复数意；男医生和女医生，man和doctor都变身。一、动词第三人称单数形式构成规那么动词原形变第三人称单数的规那么与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致一样，请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S〞在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如：①stop－stops[s];make－makes[s]②read－reads[z];play－plays[z]2、以辅音字母加“y〞结尾的，要先将“y〞变为“i〞，然后在加“es〞读[iz]如：fly－flies[z]；carry－carries[z]study－studies[z];worry－worries3、以“s,x,ch,sh〞结尾的，在词尾加“es〞，发音为[iz]如：teach－teaches[iz];watch－watches[iz]4、以“o〞结尾的动词，加“es〞，读[z]如：go－goes[z]do－does[z]5、下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音局部的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。如：(1)、do[du:]－does[dz](2)、say[sei]－says[sez]以不发音字母“e〞结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s〞后字母“e〞发音，与所加“s〞一起读做[iz]。jz*\n..如：close－closes[iz](3)、be动词包括：am，is，are。第三人称单数用is；过去式为was；复数用are，过去式为were.6、除上述规律外，还应注意下面三点：(1).动词have，遇到主语是第三人称单数时，要用has；动词be的第三人称单数形式是is。(2).含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否认句时，要用doesn't+动词原形，如：Hegoestoschoolatsixinthemorning.(变否认句)→Hedoesn'tgotoschoolatsixinthemorning.(3).对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时，要用助动词does，如：Shegoeshomeatfiveeveryday.(对划线局部提问)→When/Whattimedoesshegohomeeveryday"一、动词的过去式和过去分词规那么动词的过去式和过去分词是一样，变化规那么如下：〔一〕规那么动词过去式变化规那么1.一般情况直接加edplay---played2.以不发音e为结尾的动词加dlike—likedlive—lived3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加edstudy-----studiedcry-----cried4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写词尾加edstop----stopped〔二〕不规那么动词的过去式jz*\n..(根据所学单词量例举〕buy------bought买begin-----began开场bring------brought带来come------came来catch------caught捉住，赶上drink------drank喝drive-------drove开车,驾驶do----------did做，或无词意作助动词eat------ate吃find----found发现go-----went去get-----got得到，到达，获得give------gave给hurt-----hurt感到疼痛，受伤have-----had有hide-----hid隐藏，把…藏起来keep-----kept保持，保护know-----knew知道，懂得，了解lend-------lent借出let-------let让lose------lost失去，丧失make-----made制造，制作meet-----met相遇，遇到put-------put放run-----ran跑步ride----rode骑read-----read读see------saw看见say---said说sing-----sang唱sit------sat坐sleep-----slept睡觉spell-----spelt拼写stand----stood站立swim-----swam游泳speak---spoke讲，讲话spend----spent度过，花费take----took拿走teach----taught教tell------told告诉think----thought认为，想wake----woke唤醒wear---wore穿，戴jz*\n..write---wrote写win-----won赢1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y〞结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied〔1〕AAA型〔动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形〕cost〔花费〕costcostcut〔割〕cutcuthit〔打〕hithithurt伤害〕hurthurtlet〔让〕letletput〔放〕putputread〔读〕readreadspread(伸展/传播)spreadspread(2)AAB型〔动词原形与过去式同形〕beat(跳动)beatbeaten(3)ABA型〔动词原形与过去分词同形〕become〔变成〕becamebecomecome〔来〕camecomerun〔跑〕ranrun(4)ABB型〔过去式与过去分词同形〕dig〔挖〕dugdugget〔得到〕gotgothang〔吊死〕hangedhangedhang〔悬挂〕hunghunghold〔抓住〕heldheldlay(产卵)laidlaidshine〔照耀〕shoneshonesit〔坐〕satsatjz*\n..win〔赢〕wonwonmeet〔遇见〕metmetkeep〔保持〕keptkeptsleep〔睡〕sleptsleptsweep〔扫〕sweptsweptfeel〔感觉〕feltfeltflee(逃跑)fledfledsmell〔闻〕smeltsmeltleave〔离开〕leftleftbuild〔建立〕builtbuiltlend〔借出〕lentlentsend〔传送)sentsentspend〔花费〕spentspentsink(沉下)sunk/sanksnuk/sunkenlose〔丧失〕lostlostburn〔燃烧〕burntburntlearn〔学习〕learntlearntmean〔意思是〕meantmeantcatch〔抓住〕caughtcaughtteach〔教)taughttaughtbring(带来〕broughtbroughtfight〔战斗)foughtfoughtbuy〔买〕boughtboughtthink〔想〕thoughtthoughthear〔听见〕heardheardsell〔卖〕soldsoldtell〔告诉〕toldtoldsay〔说〕saidsaidfind〔找到)foundfoundfeed(饲养)fedfedhave/has(有)hadhadmake〔制造)mademadestand〔站〕stoodstoodsmell〔闻〕smelled/smeltsmelled/smeltstick(粘贴/刺)stuckstuckspell(拼写)spelt/spelledspelt/spelledspit(吐唾沫〕spatspatunderstand(明白)understoodunderstood(5)ABC型〔动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形〕begin〔开场〕beganbegundrink〔喝〕drankdrunkhide〔躲藏〕hidhiddenring〔铃响〕rangrungjz*\n..sing〔唱〕sangsungswim〔游泳〕swamswumblow〔吹〕blewblowndraw〔画〕drewdrawnfly〔飞〕flewflowngrow〔生长〕grewgrownknow〔知道〕knewknownthrow〔投掷〕threwthrownshow〔出示〕showedshownbreak〔打破〕brokebrokenchoose〔选择)chosechosenforget〔忘记)forgotforgotten(forgot)freeze〔结冰／凝固〕frozefrozenspeak〔说〕spokespokenwake〔醒〕wokewokedrive〔驾驶〕drovedriveneat〔吃〕ateeatenfall〔落下〕fellfallengive〔给〕gavegivenrise〔升高〕roserisentake〔取〕tooktakenmistake(弄错)mistookmistakenride〔骑〕roderiddenwrite〔写〕wrotewrittendo〔做〕diddonego〔去〕wentgonelie〔平躺〕laylainsee〔看见〕sawseenwear〔穿〕worewornbe(am,is,are)〔是〕was,werebeen四、形容词的比较级和最高级变形规那么〔一〕规那么变化如下:1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。great2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成。wide3)少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er和-est构成。cleverjz*\n..4)以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-est构成.happy5)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。big6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面来构成。Beautifuldifficult〔二〕不规那么变化如下：good-----better------best好的well------better------best身体好的bad------worse------worst坏的ill--------worse-------worst病的many--------more------most许多much------more--------most许多few------less-------least少数几个little-------less------least少数一点儿far------further------furthest更进一步，程度far------farther------farthest更远，路程old-------older------oldest年老的〔指年纪〕old------elder-------eldest年老的〔指兄弟姐妹的排行〕五、练习题jz*\n..动词第三人称单数形式构成规那么稳固练习题：(一)、写出以下动词的第三人称单数形式：sit--guess--die--go--rush--reach--touch--brush--fly--copy--say--run--do--fix--live--cry--enjoy--have--wish--play--Tie--teach--buy--study--drink--go--stay--make--look--carry--come--watch--plant--fly--do--(二)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup"6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays"7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday"8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.jz*\n..13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday"－It’sSaturdayjz*