初中英语连词 7页

初中英语语法连词教学目标：掌握连词的用法，在写作中能够灵活运用。 教学重点：1、并列连词的用法 2、 从属连词的用法 3、 相似连词的辨析教学难点：连词之间的意义及辨析（一）连词概述　　连词是连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词。在句中不单独作句子成分。历年中考中常考并列连词and，but，neither…nor；从属连词nowthat，though，when。所以了解状语从句和宾语从句的真正意义有助于正确使用从属连词。（二）基础知识梳理　　1．并列连词用来连接彼此并列的词、短语或句子。并列连词有and，or，but，so，for，nor等。　　2．关联连词有both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso，aswellas，asmuchas等。　　3．连接性副词有however，therefore，besides，yet，anyway，still，allthesame等。　　4．并列连词和连接性副词存在以下的区别：　　1)连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句的句首，前面通常有逗号。如：　　Imustworkhard,forIstillhavealongwaytogo.　　Theyallwent,butIdidn'tgo.　　2)连接性副词的位置比较灵活，句中、句首、句末都可以。但是放在句首较为普遍。如：　　Motherwasill,therefore,shestayedathomeyesterday.　　=Motherwasill,shetherefore,stayedathomeyesterday.　　=Motherwasill,shestayedathomeyesterday,therefore.　　3)两个并列连词不可以连用。如：　　Hetriedhard．andbuthefailedtogetthejob.此句中的but应改为yet。因为and和but都是连词。　　5．从属连词是用来引导从句，如宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。从属连词有that，if,unless,whether,who,whose,what,which,where,than,when,while,as,since,though,although,because,before,after,until,assoonas,nowthat,so...that,sothat,as...as,(not)as/so…as如：　　Ifitsnowstomorrow，wewon'tgoonapicnic.（If引导条件状语从句）　　CouldyoutellmewhosePCitis?（whose引导宾语从句）Themanwhoistalkingtomyclassteacherismyfather.（who引导定语从句）连词的功能\n用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。5.并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。(2)表选择关系的or,either…or等。(3)表转折关系的but,while等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。6.从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,evenif等。(6)引导结果状语从句的sothat,so…that,such…that等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than,as…as等。(8)引导名词从句的that,if,whether等。7.常用连词的用法辨析（1）while,when,as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetInoticedapolicecar.2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem.4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：Justashecaughtthefly,hegavealoudcry.Shelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest.6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch.（2）as,because,since,for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：Istayedathomebecauseitrained.---Whyaren’tyougoing?---BecauseIdon’twantto.2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：Ashewasn’tready,weleftwithouthim.\nSinceIhavenomoney,Ican’tbuyanyfood.3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：Idecidedtostopandhavelunch----forIwasfeelingquitehungry.（3）if,whetherif和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.Idon’tknowwhether(if)helikesthatfilm.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1)引导主语从句时。例如：Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown.2)引导表语从句时。例如：ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam.3)在不定式前。例如：Ihaven’tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.（4）so…that,such...that1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：I’msotiredthatIcan’twalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.（5）either…or…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Eitheryouorheiswrong.Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook.（6）although,but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.”这个句子应改为：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.（7）because,so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”这个句子应改为BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.或Johnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.【现场练兵】I.选择填空()1.LiMengpassedhismotherhiscup_______askedforsomemoretea.A.butB.orC.andD.if()2.Studyharder,______youwillfallbehindothers.A.andB.orC.butD.so\n()3.Thedoctorsareverytired,_______theyarestillworkingveryhard.A.butB.ifC.onlyD.when()4._____youcomeback,pleaseletmeknow.A.LaterB.UntilC.AsD.Assoonas()5.Hetoldus_______hewasovereightyyearsold.A.whereB.thenC.ifD.that()6.Don’tgohome_______youhavecleanedtheclassroom.A.byB.thenC.onlyD.until()7._______Sunday______MondayisOK.I’llbefreeduringthosetwodays.A.Neither…norB.Either…orC.Both…andD.Either…and()8.Wehaven’tseenhim________heleftlastyear.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.if()9.It’srainingnow,________youmusttaketheraincoatwithyou.A.forB.soC.orD.because()10._______youworkharder,you’lldobetterinyoursubjects.A.IfB.BeforeC.AlreadyD.Whether()11.________Iwasillyesterday,Ididn’tcometoschool.A.ForB.AsC.BecauseD.Since()12.Theoldmanwas_______pleased______hecouldnotsayaword.A.either…orB.neither…norC.notonly…butalsoD.so…that()13.Whichisbigger,thesun_____theearth?A.butB.orC.andD.nor()14.Couldyoutellus_______yougrowapplesinyourcountry?A.thatB.whetherC.whichD.what()15.Heknewnothingabouttheaccident_______hisfriendtoldhim.A.ifB.sinceC.untilD.because()16.Pleaseanswerthequestioninaloudvoice_____alltheclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.so…thatC.thoughD.because()17.Intheolddaysthepoorchildrencouldn’tgotoschool.Theycould______read___writewhentheygrewup.A.both…andB.either…orC.notonly…butalsoD.neither…nor()18._____Australiaisverylarge,thepopulationisquitesmall.A.ButB.OrC.IfD.Though()19.Comehereearlytomorrow,______you’llseeher.A.orB.andC.butD.because()20.Neithershe________Iamateacher.Wearebothstudents.A.orB.andC.norD.but()21.Hekeptquiet______shebegantospeak.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.or()22._______Iamwashing,sheiscooking.A.WhileB.AfterC.BeforeD.Assoonas()23.Shehadtodoeverything________herhusbanddied.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while()24.ShehadstudiedRussianforthreeyears________shebegantolearn\nEnglish.A.beforeB.ifC.afterD.because()25.Shehashadanotherbaby________wemet.A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.since()26.Iknewnothingaboutit________hetoldme.A.ifB.afterC.untilD.because()27.I’llringyouup,______Igetananswerfromhim.A.assoonasB.untilC.beforeD.because()28.Wecouldn’tgoquickly______theroadwastooslippery.（滑）A.becauseB.assoonasC.ifD.until()29._____itisfinetomorrow,I’llgotothepark.A.IfB.WhenC.AfterD.Before()30.Idon’tknow_______youlikesports.A.whetherB.weatherC.whenD.how()31.Waterismoreimportantinyourlife_______anyothermatter.A.asB.thanC.thenD.so()32.Shesatinthefirstrow______shecouldseetheblackboardclearly.A.soB.sothatC.thatD.since()33.I’llgotoseemysister_______IgettoNewYork.A.whileB.asC.assoonasD.since()34.Therewere______manypainsinmychest______Icouldn’thelpcrying.A.so…asB.sothatC.so…thatD.such…that()35.Tenyearshaspassed_____weleftourhometown.A.afterB.sinceC.asD.for()36.I’msorry_________yourleghasbroken.A.whatB.thatC.ifD.when()37.Couldyoutellme_____theforeignerhavecomeornot?A.whatC.thatC.whetherD.when()38.Iwondered______hehadbeentoParis.A.thatC.whatC.ifD.where()39.______youhurry,youwillbelateforschool.A.WhileC.UnlessC.ThatD.What()40.Couldyoupleaselookaftermydaughter______Igoshopping?A.whereB.whileC.thatD.thoughII.把下列句子变为同义句41.Mybrotherwenttothecinema,sodidI.__________mybrother_________Iwenttothecinema.42.Theboyissoyoungthathecantlookafterhimself.Theboyisn’t___________tolookafterhimself.43.Ifyouarelazy,youmaynotpasstheexam._________hard,_________youmaynotpasstheexam.44.Jacksmotheraskedhim,“Haveyoupackedyourthings?”Jacksmotheraskedhim___________he__________packedhisthings.\n45.SherealizedHainanwasabeautifulplaceaftershereachedthere.She_________realizeHainanwasabeautifulplace_________shereachedthere.Ⅲ.选择所给的连词填空when,because,but,before,if,so...that,as…as,didn’t…until,and,after,or,since46.Hurryup,please!_______you’llbelateforschool.47.She________gotobed______hermothercameback.48.YesterdayJimdidn’tgotoseethefilm,________hemustgooverhislessons.49.Thestudentsweretalkingaboutthesportsmeeting_______theteachercamein.50.Iwas______tired________Icouldn’twalkanymore.51.Thisbuildingis_______tall________thatone.52.Tomwasillyesterday,________hestillwenttoschoolasusual.53.Heaskedme______Iwouldgotherewithhim.54.Wehavestudiedhere________1994.55.ThechildhadstudiedEnglishfortwoyears________hewenttomiddleschool.56._______theboyfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.57.Studyhardonyoursubjects,________you’lldowellintheexam.Ⅳ.根据汉语提示，填入所缺的单词58.Christine,Aileen_________(和)Iaregoodfriends.59.Studyhard,_________(否则)you’llfallbehind.60.Areyoucomingbybus________(或者)onfoot?61.Wearethirsty.Iwouldlikeabottleoforange,_______(然而)myfriendwouldlikesomecoldwater.62.You’llbelate________(如果)youdon’tgetupearlytomorrow.63.Iwascleaningthefloor________(当……的时候)sheknockedatthedoor.64.Dickclimbedupintoatree_______________(一……就)hesawthebear.65.Iknewnothingaboutit____________(直到……才)myfriendtoldmeyesterday.66.Ihaven’theardfromBill____________(自从)wegraduatedfrommiddleschool.IV.完成英语句子67.这里的天气既不太冷也不太热。Theweatherhereis___________toohot________toocold.68.她不但美丽而且聪明。Sheis________pretty__________clever.69.不是你对就是我对。_______you_______Iamcorrect.70.他和她一样外向，但不如她受欢迎。Heis____outgoing____she.Butheis___________popular______her.参考答案连词1-5CBADD6-10DBABA11-15CDBBC16-20ADDBC21-25AABAD26-30CAAAA31-35BBCCB36-40BCCCB41.both,and42.oldenough43.Work,or44.if/whether,had45.didn”t,until46.or47.didn’t,until48.because49.when50.so,that51.as,as52.but53.if54.since55.before56.after57.and58.and59.or60.or61.but/while62.if63.while64.assoonas\n65.until66.sice67..neither,nor68.notonly,butalso69.either,or70.as,as;notso,as连词经典习题答案　　1.【解析】答案是C。应改为when。因为when引导的时间状语从句，既可表示一时性的动作，又可表示持续性的动作；而while引导的时间状语从句，不能表示一时性或短暂的动作，只能表示持续性的动作或状态。此外while还可以表示“然而”的意思，含有“对比、对照”的意思。句中的arrivedin表示的是短暂的动作，所以C是错的。　　2.【解析】答案是B。应改为willnotstart。因为英美人是根据以下的公式来使用till/until的：Atill/untilB。这个公式的意思为，A所表示的动作或状态一直持续下去，到(till/until)B出现时即停止并向相反的方向转化。willstart这一动作持续到nextFriday就停止，并向相反方向转化，这句子显然不对，如改成willnotstart持续下去，到nextFriday时就停止notstart这一动作，并向相反方向start转化。或者我们可以简洁地用not+短暂动词+till/until；持续性动词+till/until来记忆更为方便。　　3.【解析】答案是A。应改为Nowthat。因为haveaheadache和hadbetter之间并不是一种强烈的因果关系。because表示原因，因果关系非常强烈。Nowthat意思为“既然，由于”。与整个句子的意思相吻合。　　4.【解析】答案是C。应改为sothat。因为这是一句目的状语从句，而不是并列句。用so显然不对。所以C是错的。　　5.【解析】答案是A。应改为such。因为在so+形容词后通常不接不可数名词。在关联词such..，that中，such是形容词。它的句型是：　　such+a/an（不定冠词）+形容词+名词（单数）+that　　such+形容词+不可数名词+that　　such+形容词+名词（复数）+that　　所以A是错的。　　6.【解析】答案是A。应为so。因为结果状语从句不能由too…that来引导，而只能用so...that来引导。所以A是错的。　　7.【解析】答案是C。应把but划去。因为though/although从句后面的主句前面不能用but，但能用yet，still或nevertheless；理由是和though/although一起用时，这三个词变成为副词而不是连词。所以B是错的。　　8.【解析】答案是B。应改为whether。因为在句中的后半部出现ornot。宾语从句应用　　whether来引导以表示选择，而不能用if，that或其他。所以B是错的。　　9.【解析】答案是B。因为这是一句宾语从句。从句中的gowith意思为“和……一起去”。它所指的是人而不是地点。所以B是错的，应改为who或者whom。　　10.【解析】答案是A。把both划去即可。因为and可连接分句，但both...and不能连接分句。所以A是错的。