初中英语语音教学 77页

HowtoteachEnglishphoneticsinjuniorsecondaryschools初中英语语音教学责任专家：刘道义\nQuestionsfordiscussion(思考题）Whyteachphonetics为什么教语音？Whatkindofaccenttoteach教哪种英语语音？Whattoteach语音教学包含哪些内容？Whentoteachphonetics何时安排语音教学？Howtoteachphonetics怎样教语音？\nWhyteachphonetics为什么教语音？TohelplayagoodfoundationforlearningEnglishvocabulary语音为词汇学习打基础Tohelpwithlisteningandspeaking语音影响听说Toaffectreadingandwriting语音影响读写\nWhyteachphonetics为什么教语音？Tobuildupstudents’confidenceinlearningEnglish好语音能增强学习英语的信心Toimproveintelligibility语音影响表意Tocreateafavorableimpression语音影响形象\nWhyisteachingphoneticsimportant?WhatproblemsdostudentshavewithEnglishpronunciation?UsingthewrongsoundMakinglongvowelsshortLeavingsoundsout\nWhyisteachingphoneticsimportant?AddingsoundsPuttingstressonthewrongsyllableinawordPuttingstressonthewrongwordinasentenceUsingthewrongintonationpattern…(G.Poedjosoedarmo,2007)\nWhatkindofaccenttoteach教哪种英语语音？WhatarethemainvarietiesofEnglishaccent?SSB(StandardSouthernBritish)ratherthanRP(ReceivedPronunciation)GA(GeneralAmerican)\nWhatkindofaccenttoteach教哪种英语语音？Whichaccentshouldweteach？EitherSSBorGAasabasisBettertoexposestudentstoavarietyofaccents,sothattheywillbeabletounderstandmostpeopletheymeet.\nWhattoteach语音教学包含哪些内容？WhatisrequiredintheCurriculumStandards?1.Pronunciationof26lettersa,e,i(y),o,uinstressed/unstressedsyllablesVowelcombinationsinstressedsyllablesCommonvowelcombinationsinstressedsyllables\nWhattoteach语音教学包含哪些内容？Consonantcombinations(ch,dg,th,tch,ph,ng,nk)Consonantclusters(bl-,cl-,fl-,gl-,br-,cr-,sm-,sp-,pr-,qu-)Syllabicsounds(–ble,-ple,-cle,-gle,-dle,-sin,-ten,-ven)\n2.Wordstressandsentencestress3.Soundvariationliaison（连读）incompleteexplosiveweakformassimilation（同化）Whattoteach语音教学包含哪些内容？\n4.IntonationandrhythmsensegroupandpausingrisingandfallingtonesrhythmWhattoteach语音教学包含哪些内容？\nUseofpronunciation,intonation,stressandrhythminoralcommunication6.Pronunciationandenunciationskillsinreadingaloudandspeeches7.EnglishpronunciationdifferencesinmajorEnglishspeakingcountries(mainlytaughtinseniorhighschool)Whattoteach语音教学包含哪些内容？\nPhonicworkWithoutlearningphoneticsymbols（IPA）直拼法Lettershavesounds.(24)Soundsmakeupwords.Letterscombineinsyllablestomakewords.CVCVCCVCECCVCCVVCCVCC,etc\nPhonicworkWithoutlearningphoneticsymbols（IPA）直拼法Manywordsfollowaregularpattern,butmanydon’t.Connectspellingwithpronunciation听其音知其形，见其形知其音\nLettershavesoundsAaHhJjKkEeBbCcDdGgPpTtVvIiYyOoUuQqWwFfLlMmNnSsXxZzRr\n方法一：掐头法学读音读下列辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音。Ff/ef/Ll/el/Mm/em/Nn/en/Ss/es/Xx/eks//f//l//m//n//s//ks/Example1案例一\n读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音。Zz/zi:/Vv/vi:/Bb/bi:/Dd/di:/Cc/si:/Jj/d3eI/Pp/pi:/Kk/keI/Tt/ti://b//s//k//d//d3//k//p//t//v//z/方法二：去尾法学音素\nGgHhYyWwRr读下列辅音字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音g，h，y，w，r有相似之处，注意不要混淆。egg鸡蛋hen母鸡yes是的well好的red红色的/g//h//j//w//r//eg//hen//jes//wel//red/方法三：对比法学读音\nTeachphoneticsymbols（IPA）教音标Vowelsandconsonants元音和辅音的读音示范有声版国际音标表\na,e,i(y),o,uinstressedsyllablesOpenCloseaname/eɪ/map/æ/ewe/i:/wet/e/ihi/aɪ/hit/ɪ/(y)why/aɪ/physics/ɪ/onote/əʊ/not/ɒ/uflute/u:/flush/ʌ/\na,e,i,o,u,yinunstressedsyllables/ə/aboutbananahundredparentAprilpencilsecondtodayAugustsuccess/ɪ/orangevillagesecreteleventouristEnglish——Lilyforty\nVowellettercombinationsinstressedsyllablesR-syllablesar/ɑ:/artcarfarhardgardener/ɜ:/herherstermnerveserviceir/ɜ:/sirbirdgirlfirmthirtyor/ɔ:/orfortornmornfortyur/ɜ:/urgefurhurtnurseturning\nVowelletter&vowellettercombinationsinstressedsyllables元音字母及其字母组合在重读音节中的读音/i:/eeaeeiiebeeachfeelpolicefield/ɪ/iebitEngland/e/eeaabestheadmany/æ/abank/ʌ/uobutcomelovefrontmother\nVowelletter&vowellettercombinationsinstressedsyllables/ɔ:/ororeoorouralarbornmoredoorfourcallwarauawou(gh)causedrawbrought/ɑ:/a(n)a(s)a(th)alaraudanceclassfatherhalffarmaunt/eɪ/aaiayeighcagerainMayeight/aɪ/iieighyhikedielightfly/əʊ/oo(ld)o(st)oaowhopeholdmostroadgrow\nVowelletter&vowellettercombinationsinstressedsyllables/ɜ:/erirurorearcertainfirstturnwordearly/ʊ/uoooufullfootcould/u:/uoooewbluemovecoolflew/ju:/uewusenew/ɒ/oacropwant\nVowelletter&vowellettercombinationsinstressedsyllables/aʊ/ouowcountbrown/ɔɪ/oioycointoy/ɪə/eaeareerereideadeardeerhere/eə/airareeareirerechaircarebeartheirwhere/ʊə/ourureoortoursurepoor\nSoundsmakeupwordsLetterscombineinsyllablestomakewords.CV(V)heshenobyhiteadiedayVC(C)atisusonoffebbaddantCVChathendidtopcutgetfanvanCVCEhatePetehomecutekitefameCCVCthinshipthanchatshotknotplugCVVCleadcoatloudfoodfootdialCVCCfishcashneckbankcentwantManywordsfollowaregularpattern,butmanydon’t.givehavetwooneclimboftenWednesday\nCanyoureadthesewords?dabdencodcluckbraiddado轻拍巢穴鳕咯咯叫辫子墙裙duckchuckchuckle抛，扔暗自笑lotlogloggerhead原木笨蛋funfundfundamental基金基本的\nWordsyllablescotcot·tagecot·tager幼儿床村舍村民panpan·elpan·elist专门小组小组成员mythmyth·icalmyth·ology神话的神话\n\nAssignment1作业（1）请对您正在使用的一册初中课本中的词汇做一调查，把符合拼读规则的单词挑出来，按照元音字母或元音字母组合在重读音节中的拼读规则归类。\nConsonants&commonconsonantcombinationsb/b/c/k/,/s/d/d/f/f/g/ɡ/,/dʒ/h/h/j/dʒ/k/k/l/l/，/ɫ/m/m/n/n/p/p/q/k/r/r/s/s/,/z/t/t/v/v/w/w/x/ks/y/j/z/z/ch/tʃ/,/k/ck/k/dr/dr/ds/ds/gh/-//f/kn/n/ng/ŋ/ph/f/sh/ʃ/th/θ/,/ð/tr/tr/ts/ts/wh/w/,/h/wr/r/\nConsonantclusters/pl-/please/pr-/pride/sl-/slow/bl-/bleed/fr-/fry/sm-/smoke/fl-/fleet/kr-/cry/sn-/snow/kl-/clean/ɡr-/gride/sw-/swan/ɡl-/gleam/br-/bright/sp-/speak/θr-/through/sk-/skate/st-/star\nSyllabicsounds/b/,/p/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/ɡ/,/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/ʃ//ʒ/+/m/,/n/,/l/Examples:ableapplelittlemiddleunclesingleoftennovelpersonreasonbottomsevenpencilpuzzlelessonfashionversion\nAssignment2作业（2）请根据前面列举的辅音字母和辅音字母组合的拼读规则，从现行初中课本中找出合适的例词来，完成以下表格。表格的开头示例如下：辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音b/b/backbagbuytablebringbrightc/k/carcatcardcatchcloseclean/s/facecitypencil…\nWordstressAwordwithtwoormorethantwosyllableshaswordstress.Twosyllablesdoctorteacherworker▔.againrepeatexcuse.↘\nWordstressThreesyllablesormoreelephantSaturdayexercisevisitor▔˙.tomatoexpensivesuggestion.▔.a′bilityal′ternative\nSentencestressabookaChinesebookinkandpaperLiaisonanEnglishclassbreadandmilkitisthereisgoodideathinkaboutitasamatteroffact\nIncompleteexplosionrightnowaroundthecornerdon’tknoweggplanteightpicturesaskthedoctorSoundchangeWouldyou...?Nicetomeetyou.Didyou...?\nIntonation—thefallingandrisingtonesI’manEnglishteacher.Sitdown,please.··－·↘···↘...—↘.—.↗\nIntonation—thefallingandrisingtonesWhoseeraseristhis?Isthebookontheshelfyours?Aretheboxesyoursortheirs?——·..↘.._.._↗.._.↗·↘\nYoudon’thaveanybrotherorsister,doyou?Whatabeautifulday,isn’tit？·—·—...↗↘.↘..—.—....↗↘.↗—.—..↘↘.—.—...↘↗\nSensegroup,pausingandrhythmTwinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonder︱whatyouare.Upabovetheworldsohigh,Likeadiamondinthesky.Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonder︱whatyouare.Hesaid︱thathewouldn’tbeable︱tocometomorrow.\nAssignment3作业（3）请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Whohasseenthewind?NeitherInoryou.ButwhentheleaveshangtremblingThewindispassingthro’.\nAssignment3作业（3）请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Whohasseenthewind?NeitheryounorI.ButwhenthetreesbowdowntheirheadsThewindispassingby.—CristinaRossetti\nWhentoteachphonetics何时安排语音教学？Pronunciationpracticeshouldcomemoreoftenatthebeginningstage.起始阶段安排语音教学Correctingapronunciationerroronthespot当场纠音语音教学贯穿英语教学的全过程\nWhentoteachphonetics何时安排语音教学？Aplannedactivitywhichisinconjunctionwithfocusonwordsandstructure.结合词汇与句型教学Phoneticsshouldbetaughtinconnectionwithmeaningfullanguagepractice(e.g.withlistening,speaking,readingandwritingpractice).结合四项技能训练进行\nThreestagesofphoneticteachinginjuniorhighschoolStage1Fromletterstosounds:anameeheikiteonoublueStage2Fromsoundstolettersorlettercombinations:/i:/eeaeeiiebeeachfeelpolicefield\nThreestagesofphoneticteachinginjuniorhighschoolStage3Suprasegmentalfeatures(超切分音位特征，即朗读技巧）wordstress,sentencestress,liaison,explosive,assimilation,intonation,pause,rhythm,etc\n\n\nHowtoteachphonetics怎样教语音？ContrastEnglishfeatureswithChinesefeatures(languagetransferandinterference)PhonicworkwithoutlearningIPA(国际音标）Teachphoneticsymbols（IPA）\nHowtoteachphonetics怎样教语音？Connectphoneticteachingwithpracticeofwords,phrases，sentences,texts,etcTraintheearsandtonguethroughlisteningandspeakingUsecomputerstoteachpronunciationandintonation\nContrastEnglishfeatureswithChinesefeaturesSimilarbutnotexactlythesameAa≠爱Ee≠衣Ii≠哀Oo≠欧Uu≠幼EnglishvoicedconsonantsaremuchstrongerthantheChineseones\nContrastEnglishfeatureswithChinesefeaturesEnglishunvoicedconsonantsaremuchweakerthantheChineseonesSomeconsonantsarealmostthesameflSomeconsonantsarenotavailableinChinesevθSomeconsonantcombinationsareveryclosec(/ts/)z(/dz/)chngshjmnw\nAnalyzestudentscommonproblemsWhataresomeofyourstudents’problemsinpronunciationinyourarea?Cantheytellthedifferencebetweenthefollowingpairsofsounds?/l,n//n,ŋ//t,θ//l,r//ð,d//s,θ//v,w//eɪ,aɪ//s,ʃ//z,ð//i:,ɪ//e,æ//e,ɪ//e,eɪ//æ,ʌ/北京湖南四川湖北东北江苏上海Theproblemsdependonthefeaturesoftheir1stlge.\nHowtohelpcorrectstudents’errorsinpronouncingsoundsPlayingwiththetongueUsegraphs,fingers,mimics,etc.\nHowtohelpcorrectstudents’errorsinpronouncingsoundsAccustomingtheearUseminimalpairs（最小对立体）AsheepAship\n/i:/sheep/i/ship\nWhat’sthis?Oh!It’sasheep!What’sthat?Oh!It’saship!Asheepisnotaship!Ashipisnotasheep!\n/e/bed/æ/catExample3案例三：广东韶关陈文英、邓彩芬老师提供\nWhat’sthis?It’sabed.What’sonthebed?Oh!Mygod!It’sacat!Acatisonthebed!\n/3://ə/abirdtheworkerTheworkerhasabird.theworker\n/a:/fatherFatherisnotfade(拼音);爸爸isnot/ba:ba://∧/motherFatherandmother,motherandfather,theygivemeahug(拥抱)!\n/ე:/door/D/dogLook!It’sadoor.What’sbehindthedoor？Oh,it’sadog.Adogisbehindthedoor.\ncoollookOh,youlooksocool!///u:/\n/I/nameImye/I/aWhat’syourname?MynameisMike.What’syourname?IamKate.\nboygoal(得分,进球,射门)ე/i//3:/girlAgoalandagirl./ə/Thegirliskickingagoal.Theboyislookingatthegirl.Wekickagoalbutcan’tkickagirl.\n/a/outheretheresureLet’ssayitout:Hereandthere,wearethebest!Areyousure?Yes!Hereandthere,wearethebest!/i/ə/e/ə/ə/\nConnectphoneticteachingwithpracticeofwords,phrases，sentences,texts,etcEnglishalphabet英语字母Sounds音素Words词Phrases短语Sentences句子Texts话语、篇章、课文PracticalWriting应用文Stories/Novels故事、小说Reports报道文Poems诗歌LettersDiariesMessages\nComputer-aidedteachingofpronunciationPronunciationpowerbyEnglishComputerizedLearningInc.,BlackstoneMultimediaCorporation(animationsshowinghowsoundsareproduced;sounddiscrimination)Comparetheuser’swaveformwiththesample\nExample4案例四浙江省特级教师张学雅老师单元拼音练习(见附件）Example5案例五课堂教学录像(北大附小李瑜老师）\nExample5(video)Armakes/ɑː/sound.Er,ir,or,urmake/ɜː/or/ə/sound.TodayisTurtle’sbirthday.Sheiswearingaskirt.Herecomesherfriendbird.Happybirthdaytoyou,Turtle!\nReference参考资料G.Poedjosoedarmo,中小学英语教师发展丛书，语音教学入门，人民教育出版社，2007年10月课程教材研究所：新中国中小学教材建设史1949-2000研究丛书英语卷，人教社，2010年10月教语音—教外国学生说英语的参考书，中国人民大学出版社，2002年6月\nReference参考资料曲明文主编：英语语音进阶，上海交通大学出版社，1999年9月葆青，实用英语语音，高等教育出版社，1988唐锡玲、黄秀萍，英语语音基础，东北师大出版社，2001\nThanks！