初中英语之冠词 11页

模块六：冠词（一）冠词概述1.冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2.冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种：不定冠词用于单数可数名词Z前，通常带有“一”、“某一”、“一种”的含义；定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。【重点】（二）a和an的区别1.不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音董X不是辅音字母）开头的词前，an用于元音音素I不是元音字母）开头的词前。例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropean（欧洲的）country;anhour,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella（三）不定冠词的用法1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量，意思和one差不多：例如，a.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马不是一天建成的。b.Hewillbebackinadayortwo.他将在一至两天内返回。说明：这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组屮特别普遍。例如：apairofsocks,ahundred,twoyuanametre,eighthoursaday,twiceaweek,acupoftea.2、泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词的基本用法。例：Agrammarbookisnecessarytoalanguagelearner.对语言学习者来说，语法书是很必要的。Ahouseisausefulanimal.3、泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如，Amanislookingforyou.4、表示“每一"，相当于every例如，Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我--周上五天课。5^用在序数词前，表示''又一“再一例如，Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我己经有三本书，我想买第四本。6、用在某些固定词组中：alot（of）许多，大量；afterawhile一会儿；havearest（休息）；havealook（瞧瞧）；haveagoodtime（过得开心）；takeashower（淋浴）；takeabreak（休息）;takeabath（洗澡）；getacold（患感冒）；getafever（发烧）；makealiving（谋生）；inamoment（过一会儿）；（四）定冠词的用法1、特指某（些）人或某（些）物，这是定冠词的基本用法。例如，Theblueshirtismine.蓝衬衫是我的。Wherearetheotherstudents?其他学生在哪儿？2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Openthewindow,please.请打开窗户。\n3、指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4、指世界上独一无二的事物。例如：Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5、用在序数词,形容词最高级前。例如：Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。6、用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如,theUnitedStates美国7、用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:thepoor穷人,theblind盲人8＞用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩例如：theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩9、用在方位词前。例如:ontheleft在左边，inthemiddleof在中间10^用在乐器名称前。例如:Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.她每天弹钢琴。11、用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：theBlackSea黑海,theYangziRiver长江12＞用在某些固定词组中:allthesame仍然；allthetime—-直；atthemoment此刻；atthesametime同时;bytheway顺便说；dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在户外，在野外(五)零冠词的用法1在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，TianjinMenSquare天安门广场，2、可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)＞不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。例如mybook(正)；mythebook(误)3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：a.Theyareteachers.他们是老师。b.Tigerslikemeat.老虎喜欢吃肉4、在星期，月份，季节，节日前：例如：onSunday在周日，inMarch在三月,inspring在春天，onWomen'sDay在妇女节(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：HejoinedtheArmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季参军。)5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈6、在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.特例：当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词：Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where'sthefootball?那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动")7、在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：No.25MiddleSchool8、某些固定词组中不用冠词。⑴与by连用的交通工具名称前：bybus乘公共汽车；bycai•乘汽车；bybike骑/坐自行车；bytrain乘火车;byair/plane乘飞机；bysea/ship乘船,但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：dayandnight日日夜夜;brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour时时刻刻；hereandthere到处(3)介词词组:athome在家；insurprise惊奇地；atnoon在中午;onfoot步行；atnight在晚上；onduty值日；atwork在工作；ontime准时；forexample例如；inclass\n在上课；onshow展览；inbed在床上(2)go短语：gohome回家；gotobed上床睡觉；gotoschool去上学；gotowork去上班；goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳伐船/钓鱼【难点】J（六）用与不用冠词的差异1.inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里2.infrontof在（外部的）前面/inthefrontof在（内部的）前面3.takeplace发生/taketheplace（of）代替4.gotoschool上学/gototheschool到学校去5.nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年6.ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家（一人）/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家俩人）【基础题】L填入a或ano1.ear2.hour3.example4.hotel5.item6.video7.flyer8.uncle9.airport10.usefulthing11.copy12.university13.aunt14.s15.Americangirl16.D17.English1&100-wordreport19.8-year-oldboy20.award21.caroon22.event23.locker24.liquid25.UFO26.inn27.electriclight28.egg29.X30.halfII•在下列各句中填入必要的冠词。I・Heusedtobeteacher,butnowhehasbecomeenginee匚1.Weshallbelateifwedon'ttaketaxi.2.Somemodemplanescanflyatoverthousandmileshour.3.Forbreakfastweusuallyhavebreadandeggs.4.Weareneighbou匚Whatcoincidence!5.Let^sgivegoldcointopolicemanoverthere.6.Atairportyoucanalwaysseetaxiswaitinginline.&…WhatdoyouthinkofdancebyClass3?—danceisgood,butmusicistooloud・9.Myofficeisonthirdfloo匚Howaboutyours?10.…Whataboutthisshirt?■一colourisright,butsizeisn5t.II・robotsdomuchworkforpeople.12.lifeatschoolisbothbusyandinteresting.13.…What'sscore?■一Twotothree.\n12.■一MayIspeaktoMary?■一Justminutes.15・riversareveryimportantinmanyways.16.Amazonisoneoflongestriversinworld.17.matchisbetweenBearsandTigers-Itwillbeexciting・18.factoriesincityarenotallowedtoletoutdirtysmokeintoair.19.HehasbeentoAthens,capitalofGreece.20.Allparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.21.December25thisChrismasDay.22.GreatWallandSummerPalacearefamousalloverworld・23.TherearemanyshopsandrestauranlsonFifthStreet.24.Iprefersciencefictionbecauseitismoreinterestingthanchildren'sstories.25.OnChristmasEveFatherChristmasusuallybringchildrennicetoysandfoods.26.topofmountainiscoveredwithsnowallyearround.27.sunrisesineastandsetsinwest.2&performancebyRussianartistswilltakeplaceonfourteenthofApril.29.booksontablearemine.30.boys,cometodinnerwithme.31.studentoverthereisbestinclassatEnglish.32.MybrotherlikesplayingtennisandIlikeplayingpiano.33.PerhapsthisisshortestwaytoScienceMuseum.34.Ihavetwochildren:boyandgirl.boy'snameisJohn,andgirfsnameisMary.35・Excuseme,isthistrainforLondon?36.flowersinardensmellnice.37.BobandIsitatsamedesk.38.When1gotthere,lastbushadgone,soIhadtogohomeonfoot.39.HeisgoingtoLondonbyair,butFdprefertogothereontrain.40.springhascome,and.leavesareturninggreenagain.41.Afterlunchweusuallyhavehalfhour'srest.42.Nobodywantedtobefirsttospeak,sotheteacherasked^Who'llbreakice?"43.morningisbesttimeforwork.44・WhenIlearnedmyauntwasinhospital,Iwenttoseeher.45.Pleasecallinfifteenminutes.He'sbusyatmoment.46.MingMingwaschosentogotoSouthPoleasYoungPioneer.47.Someshopsarestillopenevenlateatnight.48.EastChinaSeaispartofPacific.49.WhereisletterfromJane?\n45.FdliketosendparceltoNewZealandbyordinarymail.【提高题】\n选择填空。1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.—MayIopenbag,sir?—Ofcourse,butitsfullofdirtyclothes.A.the,/B.the,theC./,/familyofteneatsuppertogether.A./,/B.The,theC.The,/miceareoftenfoundindirtyhouses・A.The,theB.The,/C./,anyofMyfatherneverletsusgotomoviesourselves.A./B.aC.theD.someof一HaveyoueverbeentoNetherlands?No,butIhavebeentoFrance.the,theB./,/C./,theAsthereisnobridgeovertheriver,peoplehavetocrossit_inboatB.ontheboatC・byaboatD.byboatgirlatcheckoutwastoobusytoanswermyquestion.A.The,theB.A,theC.The,aD.A,a一Hello,isBettythere?—Fmsorry,you'vegot.wrongnumber.A.aB.theC./D.someA.A.D.a,/D.A,aD./,/D.the,/9.Peteralwayscamehomefromschoolverylate,sohismotherwenttoschooltofindout.A./,/B.the,theC.the,/D./,the10.Samsold..pictureseveryday,andall.picturesinhisshopwerecheap・A./,theB./,/C・the,/D.the.the11・enjoywatchingMickeyMouseonTV.A.Mostchildren,/B.Themostchildren,theC.Mostchildren,theD.Mostofchildren,/12.Manyriversinourcountryranfromwestto....east.A.the,theB./,/C.the,/D./,the13.—What'spostagefor....parceLsir?——Tilweighitfirst.A.a,theB.a,aC・the,theD.the,a14.dictionaryisusefulbook.A.A,aB.The,anC.The,theD.A,the12.HecollectsChinesepaintingsforhobbies,butnotformoney.A./,/B.the,theC.the,/D./,the13.Youcantkeepthisbookformorethantwoweeks.Thisisonlycopyinourlibrary.A.theB./C.anD・a14.—Dontmakeanynoise,children.Yourfatherisatwork.—OK.A./,theB./,/C.the,/D.the,the18-18.It'sverywarmtoday.warmdayisalmostlikeearlysummer・A.A,theB.The,/C./,theD.A,a\n19.Heisastudentof..history,andhestudieshistoryofCanada・A.the,theB.the,/C./,/D./,the20.Whichlanguagedoyouspeakbetter,EnglishorJapanese?A.the,theB.the,/C./,theD./,/21・Iprefergoingbyseatogoingintrain.A./,/B./,theC./,aD.the,a22.OxfordStreetisoneof..•busieststreetsinIxmdon.A./,/B./,theC.The,theD.The,/23.Heisusuallyathomeonweekends.A./,/B./,theC.the,/D.the,the24.OneofHarry'sfeetwasbiggerthan・other,sohecouldneverfind・shoesforhisfeet.A.the,theB.the,/C./,/D)./,the25・It'sverylongwayfromourworldtomoon.A.a,theB.the,aC.the,theD・a,/26・Wehavecomputerroominourschool,andwearegoingtobuildsecondone.A.a,theB.the,theC・a,aD.the,a27.Hetelephonedhiswifetotellhernameandaddressofhotel.A・the,aB./,/C・the,theD./,the2&Whenitbegantorain,werantofind.placetohidefrom.rain.A.a,theB.the,aC.比/D.the,/29.Hefoundhecouldn'tsleepatnight,sohekeptonfallingasleepduringday.A./,/B・the,/C.the,aD./,the30.It'spleasanttotravelalongNileonship.A./,theB・the,/C・the,aD./,a31・—Herearemanykindsofpens・Haveyoufoundonethatyouwant?一Yes.A.theB.aC./D.some32.一Haveyougotanycheaperwalkmans?—Yes.walkmanSbesideblackonearecheaper.A.The,/B.The,theC./,aD./,/33.一Whataboutbrownones?一Well,theyarejustsizeIwant.Howmuchdotheycost?A・aB./C・theD.any34・Sheenjoysschool,butsomeofworkistooeasyforhertofeelinterested.A./,/B.the,/C./,theD.the,the29.Somepeoplereadnewspapersasfirstthingtodointhemorning.A.the,theB./,aC.AtheD.the,/30.BrownsgotochurcheverySundaymorning.A.The,/B./,/C./,aD.A,the37・Besuretoclosewindowsbeforeyouleaveroom.\nA./,/B./,theC・the,theD.the,a38.Bruceplaysvideogamesassoonashe'sgotfreetimeduringday.A./,aB.the,theC.the,aD./,the39.YellowRiverisoneoffamousriversintheworld.A.The,theB./,theC.The,/D./,/40.HewillleaveforAmericaafterChristmas.A./,/B.the,theC./,theD.the,/41・Chineseisoneof'mostbeautifullanguagesintheworld.A.The,theB./,theC.the,/D./,/42.Johnnoticedbooksonsaleandboughtafewofthem.A./,/B-the,theC.the,aD.the,/43.Theladysaidsorrytomeasshespilledsomeofcoffeeonfloor.A・the,theB./,aC.the,aD./,/44.Usuallychildrenbegintotakeaninterestinreadingaroundageoffive.A./,theB.the,theC./,anD.the,an45.MaxinfsinParisisaveryfamousrestaurantintheworld.A.The,theB./,/C./,theD.A,/46.policemeninEngland,unlikethoseintheUnitedStates,donotcarryguns.A.The,theB./,/C./,theD.The,/47.mathematicsisdifficultcourseforpeopletounderstand.A.The,aB./,theC./,aD./,/4&Matha,auntiscomingfor.visitinApril.A.the,theB.a,/C.a,/D.the,/49.ThebasketofappleswassentasChristmaspresent.A.the,theB./,theC./,aD./,/50.ProfessorLeehasn'tcomebackyet;he'sstillinhospital.A./,/B.The,aC.The,/D.A,a答案：IJI•1.an2.an3.an4.a5.an6.a7.a8.a9.an10.all.a12.a13.an14.an15.an16.a17.an18.a19.an20.an21.a22.an23,a24,a25,a26.an27.an28.an29.an30.aILI.a,an2.a3.a,an4./././5./.a6.the/the7.the././8.the,/,The,the9.the10.The,theII./(Robots),/12./(Life),/13.the14.a15./(Rivers)16.The,the,the17.The,thethe12.The,the,/the19./,the,/20./21./,/22.The,the,the23./24./,/25./,/,/,/26.The,the,/,the27.The,the,the2&The,the,the29.The,the30./(Boys),/31.The,the,the,/32./,the33.the,the34.a,a,The,the35.the,/36.The,/37.the38.the,/39./,a4O./(Spring),the,/41./,an42.the,the43./(Morning)44./45.the46.the,a47./48,The,the49.the,/5O.the,/,/III.\nACDCDDABDAABCAAABBDDCBABACCADCABCDCACDAABDAABBCCAA\n中考真题：1.Therewillbeinterviewbetweenthemanagerandhisassistantsthisafternoon..A.anB.aC.theLittleTonyishonestboy.Henevertellslies.A.aB.anC./Pleasestayfordinner.Itwillbereadyinhalfhour・A.aB.anC.theCanyouseeone-eyedcowinfield?A.,an,theB..a,theC.・/,theD..a,aA:Whichgirlisyourdaughter,Mr.White?B:Oh,look,thatlittleonein_A.aB.anC./D.theHisfatherisengineer.Healwayswearsuniformatwork・A.a・・・aB・a.^.anC.an...aD.an..•anyoungmanbesidemeisuniversitystudent.A.An...aB.An.../C.The...anD.The...agirlwithatoyinherhandismylittlesister._A.AB.AnC.TheMyfriend,Harry,hisfavoritespoilisplayingA.aB.anC.theD./2.3.4.5.6.7.9.golf.D.theD./D./D./10.Lastweek,IwrotearticleonourSchoolFoodFestivaltoShanghaiStudents'Post.A.theB.anC.aD./11・It'spleasureformetobeinvitedtoplaypianoattheconcert.A.the,aB.a,theC.a,aD.a,/12・Iliketoreadbook.It'sbetterthanreadingontheInternet・A./B.aC.anD.the13.Heorderedabooksometimeagoandnow_bookhasarrived.A.aB.theC.anD./14.Heorderedawashingmachinebyphonetwodaysago,andmachinehasarrived・A.aB.anC.theD./15.teachersaidthatJackwasnewstudentandhewashonest.A.The,a,\B.A,the,aC.A,a,anD.The,a,an16.Tomlikesplayingfootball,whileLilylikesplayingviolin・A.the.../B./...theC.the…theD./.../17.Pleasegeteverythingready.Ourmeetingwillbegininhalfhour.A.aB.anC.theD./18.It，sabouthalfhour'swalkfromheretonearestundergroundstation.A.a..AheB.an...theC./...theD.the・.・a19・Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear・A.the,theB.IJC./,theD.the,/20-ygrandpausedtohavewalkinthegardenaftersupper.A.a,aB・/,aC・a,/D・/,/\n19.hescientistsfromUnitedStatesliveinNinthStreet・A.the,theB./,theC./,/D.the,/20.Thereisreportintoday^snewspaper.It5sabouttheInternationalFilmFestival,Shanghai.A.aB.anC.theD./21.MrWangisambulanceman.Heisalwaysbusywiththework.A.aB.theC.anD.the22.Theoldladyteacheschildrentoplaypianoataweekendschool.A)aB)anC)theD)/23.Lindaalwaystakesactivepartinsportsafterschool.(2008)A)/B)aC)anD)the26nCanIhavelookatthephotoofyourpenfriend.(09)A)aB)anC)/D)the