初中英语写作指导 53页

初中英语中考作文复习要会写作文首先要会写句子。英语句子分为简单句和复合句两种。在写句子的时候要注意句子的结构，句子的语态和时态。\n一），语态：分为被动语态和主动语态两种。1，当主语的谓语动词动作的发出者，执行者的时候就用主动语态。结构是：主语+be动词/行为动词+其它。（注意：谓语部分有时态和人称的变化。）2，当主语是谓语动词动作的承受者的时候就用被动语态。结构是：主语+be+动词的过去分词+其它。（注意：be有时态的变化。）翻译：人们应该把垃圾扔在垃圾箱里。______________________________________垃圾应该扔在垃圾箱里。______________________________________Peopleshouldthrowlitterintothebin.Littershouldbethrownintothebin.\n一），常见英语简单句的结构是1，陈述句的句子结构：主语+谓语+其它。陈述句的各种时态的句子结构如下表\n时态用法句子结构一般现在时态表示经常发生或存在的状态，客观事实或真理1，主语+am/is/are+其它（表示状态）2，主语+谓语动词原形或行为动词加s/es+其它一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态1，主语+was/were+其它。2，主语+谓语动词的过去式+其它一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态1，主语+am/is/aregoingto+谓语动词原形+其它。2，主语+will+谓语动词原形+其它3，主语+am/is/are+going/coming/leaving+其它。现在进行时表示现在或现阶段发生的动作正在主语+am/is/are+谓语动词ing+其它过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作主语+was/were+谓语动词ing+其它现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响；或一直持续到现在的动作或状态主语+have/has+谓语动词的过去分词+其它。\n1,他经常帮助他父母做家务。__________________________________2，他昨天帮助他父母做家务。__________________________________3，他正在帮助他父母做家务。____________________________________4，他明天打算帮助他父母做家务。____________________________________5,自从他十岁以来，他一直帮助父母做家务。________________________________________6，他应该帮助他父母做家务.______________________________________7,他昨天下午六点在帮助父母做家务。_______________________________________Heoftenhelpshisparentsdothehousework.Hehelpedhisparentsdothehouseworkyesterday.Heishelpinghisparentsdothehouseworknow.Heisgoingtohelphisparentsdothehouseworktomorrow.Heshouldhelphisparentsdothehousework.Hehashelpedhisparentsdothehousework.sincehewastenyearsold.Hewashelpinghisparentsdothehouseworkatsixyesterdayafternoon.\n注意一：主语+谓语+其它。其中谓语部分有三种情况1，主语+be（am/is/are/was/were）+其它。（这种情况表示状态。）IaminterestedinEnglish.2，主语+行为动词+其它。（这种情况表示动作）Iwentboatingyesterday.3，主语+be+行为动词的ing形式（这种情况表示正在发生的动作）或动词的过去分词形式（这种情况表示被动语态）+其它。Iamgoingtravelingnextweekend.ThebikewasmadeinShanghai.4，主语+be+to+动词原形+其它。（这种情况是动词不定式结构）Mydreamistobecomeanengineer.注意：不能出现Iamlike（喜欢）walking.Shewasgotoschoolbybike.但是可以说It’slike(像···一样)mypen.\n注意二：在句子中作主语的有以下几种情况1，某人在句子中作主语。2，某物在句子中作主语。3，动词在句子中作主语，有两种情况1），动名词作主语（也就是动词加ing形式），放在句首作主语。2），动词不定式作主语（也就是：to+动词原形），这种情况通常把“to+动词原形”放在句尾，用it来作形式主语放在句首。练习：1，我父母昨天送给我一个生日礼物。_____________________________________2,一头大象重两百公斤。_____________________________________3,看电视太多对眼睛有害。__________________________________________________4,养成良好的生活习惯对我们很重要。____________________________________________Myparentsgavemeabirthdaygiftyesterday.Anelephantweighs200kilos.WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforoureyes.It’simportantforustokeepgoodlivinghabits.\n2，一般疑问句的句子结构：助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语+其它？3，特殊疑问句的句子结构是疑问词+助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语+其它？4，祈使句的句子结构：Let+宾语+动词+其它。谓语动词+其它。\n例子他借这本书两个星期了。__________________________________________他借这本书两个星期了吗？__________________________________________他借这本书多久了？__________________________________________提示：1，陈述句的句子结构：主语+谓语+其它2，一般疑问句的句子结构：助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语+其它？3，特殊疑问句的句子结构是疑问词+助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语+其它？Hehaskeptthisbookfortwoweeks.Hashekeptthisbookfortwoweeks?Howlonghashekeptthisbook?\n1）他发现一只钱包正躺在地上__________________________________________2),他发现一只钱包正躺在地上吗？_________________________________________3),他发现一只钱包躺在哪里？_________________________________________4),让我们尽最大的努力保护我们的家园。__________________________________________5),在课堂上不要吵闹。_________________________________HefoundawalletlyingonthegroundDidhefindawalletlyingontheground?Wheredidhefindawalletlying?.Let’stryourbesttoprotectourhomeDon’tmakenoiseinclass.\n注意;1，在写句子时候要注意谓语动词的人称和数方面的变化；注意句子时态和语态。2，在英语句子中表示方式，地点，时间的词汇要放在句末。其顺序是：主语+谓语+宾语+方式+地点+时间。3，形容词放在名词前，放在不定代词的后面；副词放在动词后面，频度副词和程度副词放在谓语动词前面，助动词后面。\n例子1），她昨天认真地看书。2），她昨天认真地看英语书。3），她昨天和我一起认真地在看英语书。4），她昨天和我一起在教室认真地看英语书。5）,让我们现在行动吧。Shereadbookscarefullyyesterday.ShereadanEnglishbookcarefullyyesterday.ShereadanEnglishbookcarefullywithmeyesterday.ShereadanEnglishbookcarefullywithmeintheclassroomyesterday.Let’stakeactionsnow.\n例子;语态方面：1，当主语是谓语动词动作的发出者时就用主动语态，结构是：主语+行为动词+其它。2，当主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时就用被动语态，其结构是：1），主语+am/is/are+行为动词的过去分词+其它。2),主语+was/were+行为动词的过去分词+其它。3），主语+情态动词+be+行为动词的过去分词+其它。4），主语+has/have+been+行为动词的过去分词+其它。5），主语+am/is/are+being+行为动词的过去分词+其它。\n1,我们应该做些事情来阻止环境污染。————————————————————————————————————————————2,父母经常要求我们努力学习。___________________________________________________________________________________Weshoulddosomethingtostoptheenvironmentalpollution.Somethingshouldbedonetostoptheenvironmentalpollution.Ourparentsoftenaskustoworkhard.Weareoftenaskedtoworkhard(byourparents).\n二），复合句：其结构是：从句+逗号+主句=主句+从句1），条件状语从句主句+连词（if,unless）+从句2），时间状语从句主句+连词（when,while,after,before,until,assoonas）+从句3）原因状语从句：主句+连词（because）+从句4），宾语从句主语+谓语动词+that/if/whether/疑问词+从句。时态：1，原则上句子的时态应该前后一致。2，在时间和条件状语从句中当主句是一般将来时或含有情态动词时，从句应该用一般现在时态。\n1,如果每一个人都不乱扔垃圾，我们的环境将变得越来越美好。____________________________________________2,在离开教室的时候我们应该要关灯。___________________________________________3,因为他昨天上课迟到，所以他被要求要打扫教室。___________________________________________4,老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。______________________________________Ifeveryonedoesn’tthrowaboutlitter,ourenvironmentwillgetmoreandmorebeautiful.Weshouldturnoffthelightswhenweleavetheclassroom,Hewasaskedtocleantheclassroombecausehewaslateforclassyesterday.Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.\n二，如何写作文一），英语提示类作文假如你是学生李明的家长Judy请你给学校的校报写一封信，就是否应该让孩子在家做家务，谈谈你的观点和看法。词数100个左右。提示词：unfair,simple,develop,independence写作指导：1，先在草稿纸根据提示单词写句子也就是根据提示单词先遣词造句。Unfair：It’sunfairforparentstodoallthehouseworkathome.(拓展;)becausetheyworkoutsidealldayandtheyhavelittletimetohavearest..\nSimple:Develop,independence:2，构思层次，文章结构，把句子连贯在一起。这是一篇要求学生发表观点和看法的作文。这种类型的作文包含两个内容1），先发表观点。2），然后说明有此观点的理由。Childrenshoulddosomesimplehouseworkathome.(拓展)Forexample,theycandosomecleaning,maketheirbedsandsoon.Doinghouseworkhelpschildrendeveloptheirindependence.拓展：itcanmakechildrenlearnhowtolookafterthemselveswell.\nDearSirorMadamIthinkthatchildrenshoulddosomehouseworkathome.Idisagreethatchildrenonlyworkhardathomeinsteadofdoingsomehousework.(发表观点）Ofcourseitisimportantforthemtoworkhard.However,(引出理由)It’sunfairfortheirparentstodoallthehouseworkathomebecausetheyworkoutsidealldayandtheyhavelittletimetohavearest.Childrenshoulddosomesimplehouseworkathome.Forexample,theycandosomecleaning,maketheirbedsandsoon.Doinghouseworkhelpschildrendeveloptheirindependence.Itcanmakechildrenlearnhowtolookafterthemselveswell.Anddoinghouseworkisalsoagoodwaytoexpressloveandthankstotheirparents.YourstrulyJudy\n湖南卫视真人秀“爸爸去哪里了”节目火爆节目讲诉了五队笨手笨脚的爸爸带着孩子去陌生地方完成一些艰难而有趣的任务。为了完成任务，孩子们学会了团队精神和如何与人相处。你所在的小组对任何与人相处展开了讨论，请你根据小组的讨论结果的思维导图，以HowtoGetonWellwithOthers为题写一篇短文。RespectothersHowtogetonwellwithothersCommunicatewith…Share…InmyopinionBekindtoothersRespectothersInmyopinionBekindtoothersInmyopinionCommunicatewith…Share…BekindtoothersInmyopinionRespectothersCommunicatewith…Share…BekindtoothersInmyopinionRespectothersCommunicatewith…Share…BekindtoothersInmyopinion\nRespectothersHowtogetonwellwithothersCommunicatewith…Share…InmyopinionBekindtoothersRespectothersInmyopinionBekindtoothersInmyopinionCommunicatewith…Share…BekindtoothersInmyopinionRespectothersCommunicatewith…Share…BekindtoothersInmyopinionRespectothersCommunicatewith…Share…BekindtoothersInmyopinion1，先遣词造句：Respectothers:Weshouldrespectothers.拓展：Everyonehashisownwaytodothings,soweshouldunderstandeachother.Communicatewith:Weshouldcommunicatewitheachother.拓展：Itcanhelpeachotherknoweachotherbetter.\nShare:Wecanshareourhappinessandsadnessbycommunication.Bekindto:Weshouldbekindtoothers.拓展：weshouldtryourbesttohelppeoplewhoareintrouble.或，wearesupposedtohelpthemwhenothersneedhelp.Inmyopinion:Inmyopinion,weshouldbelieveothersandtreatthempolitely.拓展：结尾句ifwedothese,Ithinkwecangetonwellwithothers.\n2,构思文章层次和结构，把句子有条理地连贯在一起。思维导图的提示就是howtogetonwellwithothers的几种方法，可以用列举法来去组织这篇文章。1），思考文章开头Asweallknow,studentsshouldlearnhowtogetonwellwithothers.Butwhatshouldwedo?2),根据写好的句子有条理的连贯起来First,weshouldrespectothers.Everyonehashisownwaytodothings,soweshouldunderstandeachother.Second,weshouldcommunicatewitheachother.Itcanhelpusknoweachotherbetter.Wecanalsosharehappinessandsadnessbycommunication.Third,weshouldbekindtoothers.Weshouldtryourbesttohelpotherswhoareintrouble.\n3)把自己的观点作为结尾Inmyopinion,weshouldbelieveothersandtreatthempolitely.Ifwedothese,Ithinkwecangetonwellwithothers.\nAsweallknow,studentsshouldlearnhowtogetonwellwithothers.Butwhatshouldwedo?First,weshouldrespectothers.Everyonehashisownwaytodothings,soweshouldunderstandeachother.Second,weshouldcommunicatewitheachother.Itcanhelpusknoweachotherbetter.Wecanalsosharehappinessandsadnessbycommunication.Third,weshouldbekindtoothers.Weshouldtryourbesttohelpotherswhotheyareintrouble.Inmyopinion,weshouldbelieveothersandtreatthempolitely.Ifwedothese,Ithinkwecangetonwellwithothers.\n有些90后的学生（agenerationborninthe90s）走向社会后缺乏感恩（senseofthanks）意识.对待家人，朋友，老师很冷漠，其行为和价值观令人担忧。作为一名90后学生，请你根据下表提示以“Learntoexpressthanks”为题写一篇演讲稿。Situation1,认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的。2，走向社会没有感恩意识。Learntoexpressthanks1，感谢社会提供良好的教育机会。2，感谢父母供自己上学。3，感谢老师传授知识。4，感谢朋友的支持与鼓励。Plansforthefuture······（至少两点）\n第一步：根据汉语提示可知，本篇作文分为三个层次，其中一二层次已经提供了大量的汉语提示，所以先把汉语翻译成英语。Situation:1,认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的。_____________________________________2,走向社会后没有感恩意识。________________________________________Somestudentsthinktheyshouldeatwellandweargoodclothes.Aftertheyenterthesociety,theydon’thaveanysenseofthanks.\nLearntoexpressthanks1,感谢社会提供良好的教育机会。————————————————————————2，感谢父母供养自己上学。__________________________________________3,感谢老师传授知识。————————————————————————4，感谢朋友的支持于鼓励。————————————————————————Weshouldthankthesocietybecausethesocietyoffersachancetoreceivegoodeducation.Weshouldthankourparents.Theysupportustogotoschool.Weshouldthankourteacher.Theyteachusalotofknowledge.Weshouldthankourfriendsbecausetheygiveussupportandencouragement.\nPlanforthefuture1,学会感恩。___________________________________________2,努力学习，回报社会那些帮助和支持过我们的人。___________________________________________Weshouldlearntoexpressthanks.Weshouldworkhardtorepaythosepeoplewhohelpandsupportus.\n第二步：构思文章结构，把句子有条理地连贯起来。从提示感恩的几个方面可以看出我们可以采用列举法来写这篇作文。Goodmorning,boysandgirls!Thetopicofmyspeechis“Learntoexpressthanks”.Weareallstudents—“agenerationbornInthe90s”.Wefindsomestudentsthinktheyshouldeatwellandweargoodclothes.Aftertheyenterthesociety,theydon’thaveanysenseofthanks.(介绍situation也就是现象)Ithinkthebehaviorisnotright.Asstudents,weshouldlearntoexpressthanks.However,whatshouldwedotoexpressthanks.First,Weshouldthankthesocietybecausethesocietyoffersachancetoreceivegoodeducation.\nSecond,weshouldthankourparents.Theysupportustogotoschool.Third,Weshouldthankourteacher.Theyteachusalotofknowledge.Fourth,Weshouldthankourfriendsbecausetheygiveussupportandencouragement.(介绍如何感恩learntoexpressthanks)Inaword,Weshouldlearntoexpressthanks.Weshouldworkhardtorepaythosepeoplewhohelpandsupportus.(未来打算plan)\n3，提纲式英语作文写作1），英语问题式提纲作为一名中学生，你应该有自己的理想和奋斗目标，你的理想是什么？长大了想做什么呢？请根据提示用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你的理想的职业，选择职业的原因和如何来实现你的理想。WhenyougrowupWhatdoyouwanttobeWhydoyouwanttobe…Howwillyoumakeyourdreamcometrue\n第一步;根据问题去写句子1,whatdoyouwanttobe2,whydoyouwanttobe1),.2),3),4),……3,howwillyoumakeyourdreamcometrue1),2),IwanttobeareporterwhenIgrowup.Ilikewriting.Icanmeetmanydifferentpeopleandtalktothem.Icanalsomakemorefriendsinthisway.Ishouldworkhardandwatchnewsreports.Ishouldpracticewritinginmyfreetime.\n第二步，构思文章结构层次，把句子有条理的连贯起来。Everyonehashisowndream.Asamiddleschoolstudent,IwanttobeareporterwhenIgrowup.Ithinkitisaninterestingjob.Ilikewriting.Iwanttowritesomethingnewaroundus.Asareporter,Icanmeetmanypeopleandtalktothem.Icanalsomakemorefriendsinthisway.Fromnowon,Ishouldworkhardandwatchmorenewsreports.Ishouldpracticewritinginmyfreetime.Iamsuremydreamwillcometrueinthefuture.\n读书十几年了，哪位老师给你留下的影响最深刻呢？某英语网站举办以“My_______teacher”为题的英语征文活动，请你根据下列的思维导图提供的信息，写一篇短文，介绍你的一位老师和他/她对你的影响。My_____TeacherIntroductionWhyyoulovehim/herHowyoulikehim/herHowhis/herclassisWhathe/shedidforyouagehobbyabilitylook\nMy_____TeacherIntroductionWhyyoulovehim/herHowyoulikehim/herHowhis/herclassisWhathe/shedidforyouagehobbyabilitylook第一步：根据提示先在草稿纸上写出句子先补全标题MyMathTeacherIntroduction:1,age:2,look:3,ability:Mymathteacheris32yearsold..Heistallandstrong.Hehasshortblackhair.heplaysbasketballwell.\n4,hobby:Whyyoulovehim:WhathedidforyouHowhisclassisHelovessports.Inhissparetime,heoftenplaysbasketball.Heishumorousandhisclassesareinterestingandlively,webothlovehim.这里尽量不用Welovehimbecauseheishumorousandhisclassesarelivelyandinteresting.因为感觉有点像在回答问题。这里的问题只是一种表明在写作这篇短文时我们要写这方面的内容，而不是要我们回答问题。Hegavemealothelp.Hecaredforme.Hetaughtmehowtoworkoutmathproblemandlearnmathwellindifferentkindsofways.Hisclassesarelivelyandinteresting.拓展句soIaminterestedinmath.在写作的时候这句可以和whyyoulove提示的合并，不必要重复。\nHowyoulikehim第二步：构思文章层次结构，把句子连贯在一起。本文从提示可以看出可以分成两个层次：第一层次写introduction:第二层次写老师和我在生活和生活上的交集就是why,what,how的几个问题。文章开头Mymathteacheris32yearsold.Heistallandstrong.Hehasshortblackhair.Heisactive.Helikessports.Inhissparetime,heoftenplaysbasketball.Andheplaysbasketballverywell.Ilikemymathteacher.Iwanttobecomeamathteacherlikehiminthefuture.\nMymathteacherishumorousandhisclassesarelivelyandinteresting，soIaminterestedinmath.Heisakindteacher.Hegavemealothelp.Hecaredforme.Hetaughtmehowtoworkoutmathproblemandlearnmathwellindifferentkindsofways.Ilovemymathteacher,andIwanttobeateacherlikehiminthefuture.\n典例剖析（2014常德）初中生活即将圆满结束，至此，你一定有值得感恩的人，请以“ILoveYou,My...!”为题写一篇英文短文。要求：1.内容包括该人物的外貌、性格、爱好和使你难忘的事等；2.短文中不得出现真实的校名和人名；3.词数80以上。\n【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取信息：1.记叙三年的校园生活中值得感恩的人（建议学生先回忆印象深刻的那些点点滴滴）。2.第一条要求写出人物的外貌、性格、爱好，这些可以略写，写那些难忘的记忆要详写，多列举实例。写作时用第二人称，时态为一般现在时。\n3.文章最后还要有个人的感受、体悟、观点等信息，避免单纯的记叙事件，没有个人感触。4.词数应不少于80个，不得出现真实姓名、校名。\n【高分范文】ILoveYou,MyEnglishTeacher!Iloveyou,myEnglishteacher.You’reatallmanwiththickglasses.Youlikesportsandoftenplayfootballandbasketballwithus.You’rehumorousandalwaysmakeyourclasseslivelyandinteresting.You’rekindbutstrictwithus.\nYouoftenteachusthatit’snousememorizingnewwordswithoutunder-standing.IhavegreatlyimprovedmyEnglishwithyourhelp.Ithinkyou’rethebestinmymind.Iwillalwaysrememberyou,mydearteacher.\n汉语提纲式书面表达为了进一步加强中学生的安全意识，提高学生的自我保护能力，某班开展了以HowtoKeepSafe为主题的英语讨论会。讨论内容包括以下几点：1，饮食安全2，交通安全3，网络安全4，遇到危险如何处理\n提示，根据以上观点写一篇英语小结报到，内容包括所给的全部要点，可适当发挥。写作指导根据提纲在草稿纸上写初稿1，饮食安全Weshouldeathealthyandsafefood.Weshouldn’teatjunkfood.Junkfoodisbadforourhealth.\n2,交通安全3,网络安全Wearesupposedto(用besupposedto比should更好，因为会让作文看起来更有变化性，不重复)followthetrafficruleswhenwegoacrosstheroad.Wemustn’tplayontheroad.Weneedtobecarefulwhenwemakefriendsonline.Don’tbelieveinthestrangers.\n4,遇到危险如何处理构思文章结构:从提示可知本文可以采用列举法开头：Ifweareindanger,wemustaskthepoliceforhelpintime(sothatwecanprotectourselves).Asstudents,weshouldlearnhowtokeepsafe.Hereareourdiscussionresults.\n正文First,Weshouldeathealthyandsafefood.Weshouldn’teatjunkfood.Junkfoodisbadforourhealth.Second,Wearesupposedtofollowthetrafficruleswhenwegoacrosstheroad.Wemustn’tplayontheroad.Third,Weneedtobecarefulwhenwemakefriendsonline.Don’tbelieveinthestrangers.Ifweareindanger,wemustaskthepoliceforhelpintime(sothatwecanprotectourselves).结尾Inaword,safetycomesfirst.\nAsstudents,weshouldlearnhowtokeepsafe.Hereareourdiscussionresults.First,Weshouldeathealthyandsafefood.Weshouldn’teatjunkfood.Junkfoodisbadforourhealth.Second,Wearesupposedtofollowthetrafficruleswhenwegoacrosstheroad.Wemustn’tplayontheroad.Third,Weneedtobecarefulwhenwemakefriendsonline.Don’tbelieveinthestrangers.Finally,Ifweareindanger,wemustaskthepoliceforhelpintime(sothatwecanprotectourselves).Inaword,safetycomesfirst.\n二，介绍学校生活莹莹的父母外出打工了，她到学校寄宿学习。开始感到不习惯，在老师和朋友帮助下，现在学习，生活非常好，假设你是莹莹，请根据提示介绍你在学校情况和今后打算。1subjectFavorite,dowellin2activitiesCompetiton,sports3friendsGetonwell4SparetimeWashclothes,reading5planWorkhard\nDearMomandDadHowtimeflies!Imissyouverymuch!Iwasnotusedtoeverythinghereafewweeksago.ButnowIenjoymyschoollife.Wehaveninesubjectsatschool.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.It’sinterestingandIcanlearnalotfromit.Withthehelpofmyteacher,IdobetterinEnglish.Therearemanyactivitiesatschool.Lastweek,Itookpartinasingingcompetitionandwonthefirstprize.Ihavemadelotsoffriendshere.Wegetonwellwitheachother.Inmysparetime,Iusuallywashclothesanddosomereading.Sometimesplaysportswithmyclassmates.Iamstrongerthanbefore.Don’tworry.IcanlookaftermyselfwellandIwillworkharderinthefuture.YoursYingying\n