初中英语动词辨析 43页

过去进行时与一般过去时的区别区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如：Hewaswritinghiscompositionlastnight.他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)Hewrotehiscompositionlastnight.他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,know,want,notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood.我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。\n动词用法辨析\n(1)“Whynot+动词原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是简略句,完全形式是：Whydon’tyou+动词原形+…?如：Whynotgoandhavealook?(干嘛不去看看？)/Whynottryitonceagain?(为什么不再试试？)(2)beafraid(害怕)的用法：记住几个结构：①beafraidofsth;beafraidof(doing);②beafraidto(do);③beafraidthat+从句。如：Sheisalittleafraidofsnakes.(她有点怕蛇)/Don’tbesoafraidtostayathomealoneatnight.(别害怕晚上一个人在家)/I’mafraidthatsomebodywilltakehisplacebecauseofhisseriousmistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误)\n(3)make与do的用法：一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事物用make.如：Idon’tknowwhattodo.(我不知道该干什么)/I’mnotgoingtodoanywork.(我不准备做什么)/MyfatherandIoncemadeaboat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船)此外还要记住一些固定说法：dogood/harm/business/one’sbest/afavour……makeadecision/aneffort/amistake/anoise/aphonecall/money/war/thebed/sure,...(4)study、learn的用法：study主要表示“学习、研究”,指过程；learn主要表示“学会”,指结果。表示“学”时可以互换。如：Howmanysubjectsdoyoustudy?(你学多少门课程？)/Haveyoulearnedityet?(这个你学过了吗？)/Howlonghaveyoustudied/learnedEnglish?(你学英语多久了？)learn还可以表示“听说”,如：Helearnedthemusicianhimselfwasintown.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)\n(5)join、joinin、takepartin的区别：join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动；joinin指参加某项游戏或活动；takepartin多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。如：Hejoinedthearmyin2001.(他2001年参军)/Theyjoinedmeincongratulatingyou.(他们和我一起向你祝贺)/Dojoinusinthegame.(千万参加我们的比赛)/Hetookanactivepartinthestudents’movementinthe1940s.(在二十世纪40年代他积极参加学生运动)(6)thinkof与thinkabout等短语的区别：thinkof表示“考虑、思念、认为、想起、建议”等；thinkabout表示“看待、认为”thinkmuch/highly/alotof”表示“高度评价…”；thinkover表示“仔细考虑”；thinkout表示“想出”。如：Theheadmasterthoughthighlyofthisboy.(校长高度地评价了这个男孩)/We’rethinkingofgoingtoFranceforourholiday.(我们在考虑去法国度假的事情)/Thinkitoverandyouwillhaveaway.(仔细考虑就有办法)/Icannotthinkofhisname.Iforgotit.(我想不起他的名字我忘了)/－Whatdoyouthinkabouthiscomposition?－Verygood!(他的作文你觉得怎么样？很好。)\n(7)agreewith/agreeto/agreeon等词语用法：agreeto+动词”表示“同意做某事”,agreewith+sb./观点”表示“赞同…的观点”agreeabout表示“对…话题有相同看法”agreeto+建议表示“同意”某人的建议agreeon+决定表示“赞成某人的决定”。(8)beusedfor、beusedto、usedto、getusedto的区别：beusedfor+名词/代词或动名词,beusedto+动词原形,表示两个短语意思相近,表示“用于…”。usedto+动词原形,表示“过去常常”,否定式可以是“didn’tuseto”也可以是“usedn’tto”；get/beusedto+动名词,表示“习惯于….”。如：Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingthings.(刀可以用来割东西)/Aknifecanbeusedtocutthings.(刀可以用来割东西)/Heusedtoborrownovelsfromthelibrarywhenhewasatschool.(他上学时常常在图书馆借书)/Heisusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.(他习惯早起)\n(9)puton、wear、have…on、bein、tryon、dress的用法：puton强调“穿戴”这个动作过程,wear则表示“穿着、戴着”这一状态have+衣物+on主要表示状态,bein(+颜色/衣物)也是表示一个状况,dress(+人)表示“给…人穿衣”。如：Pleaseputonyournewshoes.(请穿上你的新鞋)/Thetwinsarewearingthesameclothes.(双胞胎穿着相同的衣服)/Todayshehasanovercoaton.(今天她穿着一件大衣)/Doyouknowthewomanwhoisinblack?(你认识那个身穿黑衣的女人吗？)/DadisdressingTomnow.(爹正在给汤姆穿衣)[注意]dress与wear或puton的区别：wear或puton常用衣物作宾语,而dress常用人作宾语。表示给自己穿衣时常用“getdressed”或“dressoneself”表达。bedressedin与wear基本同义。dressup意为“穿上盛装、乔装打扮”。如：Couldyoudressthebabyforme?(你能替我给宝宝穿衣吗？)/Heiseightbutcan’tdresshimself.(他八岁了,还不会穿衣服)/Shewasdressedinaredcoat.(她穿着一件红上衣)/DoIhavetodressuptogotoJim’sparty?(我得穿上好衣服去参加吉姆的聚会吗？)\n（10）speak、talk、say、tell的用法：speak“讲话、发言、演说”,是不及物动词,涉及人时要加介词to,speak作及物动词时后面跟语言名称talk谈话、闲谈”,是不及物动词,涉及人时用介词with、to等,涉及事情时后面跟介词about等；say是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词、从句等,表示说的内容；tell是及物动词,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟从句或者介词短语等。如：DoyouspeakEnglish?(你讲英语吗？)/Whospokeatthemeeting?(谁在会上发了言？)/OurteacheristalkingtoLinTao’sparent.(我们的老师正在跟林涛的家长讲话)/CanyousayitinEnglish?(你能用英语说出它吗？)/Pleasetellmesomethingaboutthestrangeflyingobject.(请跟我讲讲那个奇怪的飞行物的事情吧)(11)beableto(do)、can的用法：can是情态动词,有许多含义,表示“可能、可以、会”等意思,只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式；beableto表示能力上“会”,有多种时态形式,to后面跟动词原形,有时可以与can/could互换。如：CanyouspeakEnglish?(你会说英语吗？)/Hecouldn’t(wasn’tableto)swimwhenhewas12.(他十二岁时不会游泳)\n(12)borrow、lend、keep的用法：表示“借”的三个词,borrow“借进”、lend“出借”都是一次性动作,不可以和表示一段的时间状语连用；keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间。如：IhavelostthebookIborrowedfrommyteacher.WhatcanIdo?(我丢掉了从老师那里借来的书)/Howlonghaveyoukeptmydictionary,eh?Formorethantwomonths!(呃,我的字典你借了多久了？两个多月了！)(13)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法：bring指从远处“拿来”；take指从面前“拿走”；carry指一般的搬运,不涉及方向；send主要指“送、派遣、寄”；lift指把东西由低向高“提起、拎起”。(14)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.；take的主语通常是事情,句型：sth./It+(take)+sb.+时间+todo…。(如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移)；cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型：sth.+(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气.；pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物.\n如：Shespentthewholenightreadingthenovel.(她花了一个晚上看那本小说)/Thisjobwilltakemetwodays.=Itwilltakemetwodaystodothejob.(做这件事情要花我两天的时间)/Howmuchdoesahouselikethiscost?(像这样的房子要花多少钱？)/Ipaidhimtwentydollarsforthebook..(我花了20元从他那儿买了书)(15)arrivein/at、reach、getto的用法：arrive是不及物动词,到达具体地点时后面加介词at,到达一个大的地方(国家、城市)时后面加介词in,arrive后面可以直接跟地点副词here/there/home等；get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,涉及地点(无论大小)时后面加to,get后面可以直接跟地点副词here等；reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如：HearrivedinSanFranciscolastSunday.(上个星期天他抵达旧金山)/Howdidyougetthereinthenight?(你是怎样在夜间到达那里的？)/Wehurriedallthewayandreachedthestationjustfiveminutesbeforethetrainleft.(我们一路狂奔在火车启动前5分钟到达车站)\n(16)bemadeof、bemadefrom：bemadeof指从制成品中可以看得出原材料,bemadefrom则指从制成品中看不出原材料。如：Thiskindofpaperismadefrombamboo.(这种纸是由竹子生产的)/Thedeskismadeofwoodandmetal.(桌子是铁和木头打的)(17)beat,win与lose：beat(打败),后面跟“人”win(赢得),后面跟“比赛、竞赛”等。如：Whowonatlast?(最后谁赢了？)/ClassThreebeatus5-0.(三班以5∶0打败了我们)/Iamsuretowinthematch.(我一定能赢得比赛)而lose则表示“输了”,常用句型：losesth.tosb.如：UnluckilywelostthematchtoClassThree.(不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班)(18)carryon、carryout的区别：carryon表示“进行、继续”；carryout表示“进行、贯彻、实现”。如：Iwillcarryonthework.(我会继续工作)/Ihavesomedifficultiesincarryingouthisorders.(对于执行他的命令我有问题)\n(19)thenumberof/anumberof:前者“…的数量”；前者作主语，谓语用单数后者“许多的”:后者作主语，谓语用复数。都跟可数名词复数。Thenumberofthetreesistwothousand.（用单数谓语.另注意trees前有限定词）Anumberoftreeshavebeencutdown.（用复数谓语.另注意trees前无限定词）(20)as……as用法：中间加形容词和副词原级。和…一样…Hisroomisasbigasmine.HerunsasfastasIdo/me/I.Youshouldkeeptheroomascleanasyourbrother’s.as…aspossible/sbcan“尽可能…”Wewentthereassoonaspossible.Listentotheteacherascarefullyasyoucan.Hewentthereasquicklyashecould.有些短语有几个意思：assoonas和…一样快；一…就…；asmuchas和…一样多；多达；aslongas和…一样长；长达；只要；aswellas和…一样好；和…一样；asfaras远达；就…来说(as…as…在否定句中也可说so…as….)也可表示倍数：Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大\n(21).虚拟语气部分用法：在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气，即if从句中用一般过去时，而主句动词用would/should+动词原形，表示与现在相反的主观设想，也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。（注意：虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.）Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.(与现在事实相反)IfIgotrich,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.(可能性很小)(22)49.howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar:howlong是对长度或时间段提问。Howlongistheriver?-It’s5,000kilometerslong.(对长度提问)Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?-Forfivemonths./Since2002.(对时间段提问)howoften是对频率提问，如：never,sometimes,often,usually,always,onceaweek,twiceaday,threetimesayear,everyday/year/month/week等。HowoftendoyouwatchTV?-Everytwodays./Twiceaweek./Sometimes.howsoon是对“in+时间段”提问：HowsoonwillyoureturntoBeijing?-Inaweek./Intwodays.howfar是对以下三种表达法的提问：—Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?有以下三种回答：▲—It’sfiveminutes’walk/anhour’sride/thirteenminutes’drive.▲—It’sabout20kilometers(far)away.(注意回答时不再用far,而用away,或faraway)▲—It’s15minutesbybus/onfoot/bytrain/bybike.\n(23).感叹句：What+名词短语+主语+谓语！此情况下主、谓常可省略。Whatlazyboys(theyare)!Whathardwork(itis)!Whatgoodnews(itis)!Whatagoodidea!Whatbadweather(itis)!Whatclevergirls(youare)!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howhardtheworkis!Howfastheruns!Howrudeyouare!Howcarefullytheyarelistening!Howbadtheweatheris!(24).toomuch,toomany与muchtoo:muchtoo“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。muchtoobig/slowly等。toomuch“太多的”，加不可数名词。toomuchwork/rain等。toomany“太多的”，加可数复数。toomanybooks/people等。（以上每个短语可依第二个词来决定其后要接什么词。）\n(25).alone/lonely:alone,“独自一人；单独”不含感情色彩。可当形容词，但只在系动词后作表语：Jackisalone.杰克是单身。Theoldwomanisaloneinthehouse.那位老妇一个人在屋里。可当副词，修饰动词：Shelivesalone.她独居。Canyoumovethestonealone?你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗？Dickiswalkingonthebeachalone.狄克独自在海滩漫步。（注意：不可说veryalone.但可说verymuchalone.）lonely,“孤独的；寂寞的”带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。可在系动词后作表语：Theoldmanislonely.这位老人是孤独的。Hehasmanyrelatives,buthefeelslonely.他有很多亲戚，但感到孤独。（lonely和心理感受有关，而alone和心理感受无关。）也可在名词前作定语：alonelyperson一位孤独的人alonelyvillage一个偏僻的村庄（而alone不可作定语）\n(26)by常见用法：“通过”IstudyEnglishbymemorizinggrammar.Hetravelsbybike.“截止到”Willyoufinishthetaskbytomorrow?Thetrainhadleftbythetimehegotthere.“被”ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.“经过”Hepassedbymewithoutnoticingme.“在……旁边”Sitbyme.Theyareplayingbytheriver.(27).sometimes/sometimes/sometime/sometime:sometimes:“有时”=attimes.Heissometimeslateforschool.（sometimes在be后）Isometimesforgotmyhomework.（sometimes在实义动词前）Sometimeshebecomesveryangry.（sometimes也可放在句首或句尾）sometimes:“几次”IhavebeentoNanjingsometimes.sometime:“某一时刻”Iboughtitsometimelastspring.我去年春天某个时候买的它。We’llmeetagainsometimenextweek.我们下星期某个时候会再见面的。sometime:“一段时间”Wehavetostayhereforsometime.\n(28).主谓一致：One/Neitherofyouisright.（单数谓语）Tom,withhisfriends,hasgone.(主语是Tom,单数谓语)Thispairofshoeslooksbeautiful.（主语是pair,谓语用单数）Theshoeslookbeautiful.（此句主语无pair,谓语用复数）Everyboyandeverygirlhasachancetodoit.（此结构中用单数谓语）Theoldneedtobelookedaftercarefully.Theyoungareenergetic.(the加形容词表一类人或物，谓语用复数)Mr.andMrs.GreenarefromAmerica.指格林夫妇(复数谓语)Theteacherandwriterisanableman.指教师兼作家,一个人，单数谓语。BothyouandIareexcitedaboutthenews.（both…..and…做主语，谓语用复数）\n(29).at/bytheendof,intheend的区别：attheendof+时间点或地点，“在…的尽头，在…的末尾”TheywillhaveasportsmeetingattheendofMarch.(时间)Heputsomebooksattheendofthebed.(地点)bytheendof+时间点，“截止到…末”若接过去的时间点，常用过去完成时：Wehadbuilttenbuildingsbytheendof2002.Theyhadplantedsixthousandtreesbytheendoflastmonth.若接将来的时间，常用一般将来时：Weshallfinishtheworkbytheendofnextmonth.intheend“最后”，后不加of短语：Theywantedtofindaplacetorestin,intheend,theysawavillage.(30).“擅长”与“不擅长”：“对…有利”与“对…有害”：“擅长”：begoodat/dowellinHeisgoodatmath.=Hedoeswellinmath.“不擅长”：bebadin/bepoorin/beweakin/dobadlyin“对…有利”：begoodfor“对…有害”：bebadfor(31).表数量的词与短语的部分用法：none/all/some/most/more/plentyof/alotof(lotsof)/后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。many/(a)few/anumberof/several只接可数名词复数。much/(a)little/abitof只接不可数名词。\n(32).kindof与kindsof:kindof单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词：Heiskindofthin.”他有点瘦”Ifeelkindofhungry.”我有点饿”UncleWangspeakskindofquickly.王叔叔说得有点快。kindof前有a,this,that,what等，译为“种，种类”后加名词。Thatkindofquestionisdifficulttoanswer.那类问题难回答。Whatkindofsportdoyoulikebest?你最喜欢何种运动？熟记一些短语：allkindsof...“各种各样的...”manykindsof“很多种类的”differentkindsof“不同种类的”后都加名词。(33).ill与sick的区别：都可译为“生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语：Hermotherwasillinbed.Shefeelsilltoday.sick既可作表语：Hermotherwassick/illinbed.（作表语常是美国英语用法）也可作定语（即后接名词）：Janeistakingcareofhersickmother.(此处是定语，不可用ill.原因见下文ill用法)若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”anillperson一个坏人sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的”。Theboyalwaysfeelssickwhenhetravelsbycar.\n(34).常见部分名词及其修饰词：price(价格)常用high与low修饰。sellsthatahigh/lowprice以高/低价出售.Thepriceoftheshoesishigh/low.number(数量)常用big/large和small修饰：Thenumberofthestudentsisbig.quality(质量，品质)常用low/poor和high/good修饰。population(人口)常用big/large和small修饰：Chinahasalargepopulation.(以上词都不用many,much修饰。)(35).thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.表示感谢(此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。)Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn’tmakesuchmistakes.表示多亏了(此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。)\n（36）.词序易错的短语：1.形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousinthefridge?Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.Iwanttogosomewherewarm.2,else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?3.enough修饰形容词和副词，enough放在后面。Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.Shedoesn’tlistencarefullyenough.\n（37）.双宾结构：pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/show/buy/ask/tell等可加双宾结构。也就是接sb+sth.Passmethebook,please.Hegaveussomepens.其中pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show等也可接sth+tosb.如:lendthebooktome.buy,build等可接sth+forsb.Mybrotherboughtadictionaryforme.另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Pleaseshowittome.而不说showmeit.（38）.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一:.动词ed作形容词：表示被动或已发生,常作定语。TheboynamedPeterismyfriend.那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。此处是后置定语，划线部分起修饰作用。He’seatingfriedchicken.“他在吃炸鸡。”做chicken的前置定语。Thereisnotimeleft.“没时间剩余了。”做time的后置定语。IhavereadanovelwrittenbyLuXun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。做后置定语。动词ing作形容词：表示正在进行或表示功能，常作定语。thecryingboy,arunningbus,therisingsun,abusrunningontheroad,theboycryinginthecorner(以上表示正在进行)asittingroom,thebathingsuit,acuttingmachine,writingpaper……(本行表示功能)\n（39）.later/after/ago/before:later“…时间后”结构：时间段+later常用于一般过去时。TheywenttoBeijingfivedayslater.(later前无时间段，单独在句尾，常用于将来时：I’llseeyoulater.)after“…时间后”结构：after+时间段，常用于一般过去时，和相同。TheywenttoBeijingafterfivedays.Thedogdiedafteraweek.(after也可加句子,但主句不一定用一般过去时：I’llsendyouane-mailafterIgethome.Returnittomeafteryoufinishit.见2.)ago“…时间前”结构：时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。TheGreensmovedtoShanghaifourweeksago.Isawittenminutesago.(若有since+时间段+ago，常用现在完成时：Mr.Lihasworkedheresince5yearsago.)before单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前”IhavebeentoLondonbefore.Hehasseenthefilmbefore.(若是时间段+before,常用过去完成时，“…前”：Ihadseenthefilmtwoweeksbefore.Wehadfoundouttheanswertotheproblemanhourbefore.)\n（40）.四季：spring春；summer夏；autumn秋；winter冬；season季月：January,一月；February,二月；March,三月；April,四月；May,五月；June,六月；July,七月；August,八月；September,九月；October,十月；November,十一月；December,十二月。.星期：Sunday,周日；Monday,周一；Tuesday,周二；Wednesday,周三；Thursday,周四；Friday,周五；Saturday,周六。（41）(a)little/(a)few:few，little“几乎没有；少”否定词。few加可数名词复数,Tomissoshythathehasfewfriends.little加不可数名词。Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,isthere?(前否定，后肯定)afew“一些”肯定词，加可数名词复数;alittle“一些；一点”也是肯定词，加不可数名词。TomisnotanEnglishman,butheknowsalittleEnglish.另外，在too,very,so等词后用few,little;在only,just,still等词后用afew,alittle.而quiteafew/alittle都译为“很多”，分别相当于many和much.（注：有时alittle…..并不是固定短语。如：alittlesheep译为“一只小羊”）\n(42).及物动词+副词：puton(穿上)/putoff(推迟)/putaway(把…整理好)/putup(举起，搭起，挂起，张贴)/putdown(放下)/putout(扑灭);breakdown(损坏，倒塌);breakinto闯入;突然…起来=burstintobreakout爆发(无被动)breaktrough突破，冲破；取得突破性成就turnon(打开)/turnoff(关闭)/turnup(调大)/turndown(关小);useup(用光);cutup(切碎）eatup(吃光）sellout(卖完）cheerup(振作）giveaway(赠送)/giveout(发放)/giveup(放弃)/giveback(归还);pickup(捡起、拿起)ringup/callup(打电话);cleanup/out（打扫干净）;setup（成立）;thinkup（想出；想起）=comeupwith;thinkover仔细思考thinkof考虑想起认为thinkabout认为handin(上交)/handout(分发；散发);\nfixup(修理);workout(算出)dressup(打扮);helpout(帮人解决);keepoff/keepout(阻止；挡住)；takeoff(脱下)/takeaway(拿走)/takeout(拿出);lookup(查找)/lookover(仔细查看);throwaway/off(抛弃)wakeup(叫醒);writedown(写下);letdown(使沮丧);makeup(编造、组成)；setoff(激起、触发)注：名词做以上短语的宾语，可放在它们中间或后边；而代词做宾语，只放在中间。\n(43).be+形+ofsb与forsb的区别：It’skindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真好。解释：kind,nice,good,clever,foolish，lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。此句相当于在说Youarekindtohelpme.形容词在描述人而不是事，此情况下介词用的是of.又如：It’sverycleverofyoutodoitinsuchaway.你用那种方法做它可真太聪明了。（指人聪明）It’seasyforyoutodothework.对你来说做这事是容易的。解释：easy，difficult,necessary,important,dangerous,interesting等词如果在句中不反映人的特点或性格，如此句中并不是在说Youareeasy.而是”Todotheworkiseasy”。不是说人，而是说事。此情况下介词用的是for.又如：It’sdangerousforustoclimbthemountain.不是说“我们”是危险的，而是说“爬山”这件事是危险的。故用for.\n(44).because与why的部分用法：若分别引导从句，即在It’s/That’s等之后，则because后表原因，why后表结果。如：Icamelatetoday.It’sbecausethebusbrokedownontheway.和下文比较：Thebusbrokedownontheway.That’swhyIcamelate.又如：Hebrokemywindow,that’swhyIwasangry.和下文比较：Iwasangrywithhim,that’sbecausehebrokemywindow.(45)bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves这些学生对自己不严格bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格\n(46).goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事(47)havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦(48)remindsbofsth使某人想起什么(49)stopdoing停下正在做的事stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事(50)transalte……into……把什么翻译成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese(51)so句型so+be(助、情)+主语：“也如此”so+主语+be(助、情)：“的确如此”eg.1)IwatchedTVlastnight,andsodidshe.昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。2)IwatchTVeveryday,andsodoeshe.我每天看电视，他也如此。3)Icanswim,soIcan.我会游泳，真的是这样。注意：表示“也不如此”用neither/noreg.Ididn’twatchTVlastnight,neitherdidshe\n△52.so+形/副such+形+名但注意：1)so+形+a/an+单名=sucha/an+形+单名2)so(many/much/few/little)+名3)so…that;such…that如此…以致…Itwas____badweather.Thereare____manypoorinthecountry.Thiscityis____old,you’dbettervisitit.It’s______importantparty____Ican’tmissit.53..none与noone:noone“没有一人”只指人,后不接of短语。NoonehasbeentoBeihaiPark.Noonetoldusaboutit.(以上因后面无of短语，故不用none)none“没有人；没有任何东西”既可指人，也可指物；既可指可数名词，也可指不可数名词。后常接of短语。(表数量）Noneofthechildrenhas/havebeentoBeihaiPark.（此处指人。因后有of短语，故不用noone）A:Howmanyelephantsdidyouseethere?B:None.（对话中none单独用，不指人，故不用noone.\n54.all/each/both/none/either/neither不定代词或形容词的用法：Allboys/AlloftheboysarefromChina.（all若接可数复数，谓语也用复数。）Allofthewaterispolluted.（若接不可数，谓语用单数。）Eachboy/Eachoftheboyshasadifferentbag.each接名词单数或接of+限定词+复数，其后谓语都用单数。Bothofthetwinsareclever.后面谓语用复数。Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentherebefore.none+of+限定词+复数,谓语用单、复数都可。另见88.-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-EitherdayisOK./EitherofthedaysisOK.谓语用单数。-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-Sorry,Ihavetolookaftermymotherthesetwodays.Thatis,neithertimeisOK./neitherofthedaysisOK.谓语用单数。【all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/“每一个”/“没有一个”。both/either/neither分别指两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个”】\n55.个别疑问句的常见否定回答：Whatisonthedesk?→Nothing.(不用none)Whoisintheclassroom?→Nobody.(不用none)Howmuchwaterisinthebottle?→None.(不用nothing)Howmanypeopleareintheroom?→None.(不用nobody)(howmany/much都是对数量提问，所以用相应表数量的词none回答，而what/who不表数量，故不用none回答)56.常见带to为介词而不是不定式的短语：prefer…to…(见27)；lookforwardto…(期待；渴望)；payattentionto…(注意)；beusedto…(习惯于)；(以上短语可接名词或代词，若接动词，需用ing形式)thekeyto…(…的钥匙,…的答案,后者等于theanswerto)；theticketto…(…的票)；thesolutionto…(…的解决办法)replyto(….的答复)；leadto…(引起…)\n57.forget/remembertodo与forget/rememberdoingsth.忘记/记得去做某事(与)忘记/记得曾经做过事.58.prefer….to……喜欢…..胜过……prefertodosth.ratherthandoath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事.59.bebusydoingsth.在忙于做某事bebusywithsth  忙于……60.allovertheworld=thewholeworld   整个世界61.attheageof    在……岁时eg：Iamsixteen     Iamattheageofsixteen62.beallowedtodo 被允许做什么eg: I'm  allowed to watch  TV    我被允许看电视I  should  be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视63.befrom=comefrom 来自eg：HeisfromBejing     HecomesfromBejing     IshefromBejing?      DoeshecomefromBejing?64befullof  装满……的         befilledwith 充满eg: theglassisfullofwater      theglassisfilledwithwater65beingoodhealth     身体健康66beintrouble  处于困难中eg:Sheisintrouble     Theyareintronble\n67.communicatewithsb和某人交流68.getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb  与某人相处得好69.getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处70.havefun+doing 玩得高兴71.Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)72.howdoyoulike =whatdoyouthinkof    你对什么的看法73.inone'sopinion=sbthink 某人认为74.insteadof +（名）代替eg: I'dlikeanappleinsteadofapear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath  我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学75.It'sagoodideaforsbtodosth 对…… 来说是个好主意76.learnbyoneslfe 自学77.loseone'sway    谁迷路    eg:Loseyourway  你迷路78.makefriendswithsb  和谁成为朋友79.notanymore=nomore   再也不……eg:Hedidn'tcryanymore    Hecriednomore   他再也不哭80.offer/providesbwithsth 给某人提供81.ontheonehand  一方面      ontheotherhand   另一方面\n82.ontime准时  intime 及时83.overandoveragin  一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin84.prefersthtosth 相对……更喜欢……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理preferdoingtosth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefertodosthratherthandosth 宁愿做…也不愿eg: Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefersbnottodosth 更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome 我不喜欢她不来85.向宾语提问：Whom向地点提问：Where向方式提问：How向价格和不可数名词提问：Howmuch方向可数名词提问：Howmany向频率提问：Howoften向时间段提问：Howlong向时间提问：whattime/when向物主代词提问：Whose向职业提问：whatdo/does……do向主语提问：Who\n\n\n\n()1.Thisismyfriend.nameisMike.A.HerB.HisC.ItsD.My()2.JackisalittlethanPeter.A.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.thestrongest()3.NeitherhenorIfromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.isB.areC.amD.be()4.Hetheradioeverymorning.AlistenstoB.listensChearsD.hearsof()5.ofthetwonewbooksareinteresting.A.AllB.BothC.AnyD.Either()6.It'stwelveo'clockatnight,butheisworking.A.alreadyB.everC.StillD.yet()7.HeoftenusEnglishstories.A.speaksB.tellsC.saysD.talks()8.Theteachertoldthestudentsinclass.A.nottalkB.don'ttalkC.didn'ttalkD.nottotalk\n()9.Theticketisonthefloor.Wouldyoupleaseforme?A.pickitupB.pickupitC.pickupthemD.pickthemup()10.Ithinkpeopleherearefriendly.Doyoume?A.getonwithB.agreewithC.laughatD.playwith()11.—isthisdictionary?—10yuan.A.HowmuchB.HowC.WhoseD.Which()12.—Doyouknow?—He'sTom'sfather.A.whoisheB.whatheisC.what'sheD.whoheis()13.PleasetheTV,I'dliketoseetheTVplay.A.turnupB.turnonC.turndownD.turnoff()14.—OurChinesefootballteamhasthematch.—Congratulations.A.watchedB.joinedC.wonD.lost\n1.She___myunderstandingwhentheteachergaveherfurtherexplanation.A.arrivedB.gotC.madeD.reached2.He___thekeyinthelockandopenedthedoorquickly.A.turnedB.putC.placedD.got3.Theyhave___inlovewitheachotheratthefirstsightinthestreetwhentheybothgoshopping.A.feltB.filledC.foundD.fallen4.Ishallneverforgetthedayswe___togetherinthecountry.A.workedB.playedC.spendD.studied5.Thedoctor___metogiveupsmokingafterheexaminedme.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.makes6.Heistooyoungto___rightfromwrong.A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell7.Whendidyou___thedaybeforeyesterday?A.arriveB.reachC.getD.getto8.Howlongwillit___youwritethearticlebeforeyouhanditin?A.costB.spendC.lastD.take\n9.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawas___in1949.A.foundB.foundedC.builtupD.putup10.LaoWangis___asourbestteacherduringourhighschoolyears.A.thoughtB.lookedC.consideredD.regarded11.Maryis___herbestclothestodaytoseehergrandmother.A.wearingB.dressingC.puttingonD.havingon12.Trains___morepeoplethanbusesandcars.A.takeB.carryC.fetchD.bring13.Loudnoisescan____peoplemad.A.driveB.turnC.causeD.have14.___yourchildrenherenexttime,Iwanttoseethem.A.TakeB.FetchC.GetD.Bring15.HowI___Iwereahappybirdjustlikeyou.A.hopeB.wishC.wantD.expect16.Willyou__methefavourtoputonthecoatbecauseitiscoldoutside?A.doB.makeC.giveD.have17.Itiswell____toallthatChinaisalargecountrywithalonghistory.A.saidB.toldC.knownD.reported\n18.He____hiskeyathome.A.forgotB.lostC.leftD.missed19.Heaskedmeto___himahelpinghand.A.lendB.borrowC.makeD.get20.Wedon’t___smokinghere.A.admitB.allowC.agreeD.let