初中英语-情态动词 10页

情态动词尊5作业完成情扇事教学目标）1.学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。知识梳理）情态动词语法特征：1、表示某种感情和语气，无人称和数的变化；2、不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语;3、情态动词有具体的词义4、一般疑问句提前边。can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等o一.can,could1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Canyouliftthisheavybox?（体力）Marycanspeakthreelanguages.（矢口识）Canyouskate?（技能）此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在吋和一般过去式；beableto则有更多的时态。注意：当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事呻寸应用beableto,不能用Can,相当于managetodo和succeedindoing如:Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.2)表示请求和允许。——CanIgonow?Yes,youcan./No,youcant此吋可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。——CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?——Yes,youcan.(No,Fmafraidnot.)3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。They^vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead・Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.4）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度）\nCanthisbetrue?Thiscan，tbedonebyhimselfHowcanthisbetrue?Could：1是can的过去式，表示过去的能力Hecouldrideabikeattheageofsix.2、由于婉转语气，多用于问句。“能，可以”Couldyouopenthedoor?考点总结:1.表示现在的能力：can,am/is/areableto。2.表示将来的能力：willbeabletoo3.表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/wereableto表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。4.can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。5.can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。二may,might1）表示请求和允许，比can正式。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can^t或mustift,表示“不可以，禁止”。——Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?——No,youmustn^t.——May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?——Yes,youcan.(No,youcan't/mustn't.)用MayI…？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI…？在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝Mayyousucceed!3）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1.Hemay/m谊htbeverybusynow.2・Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.考点总结1.表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn't,表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。2.may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。3.umay/mightaswell+动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。三、must,haveto1）表示必须、必要。\nYoumustcomeintime.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn%（禁止，不准），而用needrft,don，thaveto（不必）・——Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?——Yes,youmust.——No,youdon'thaveto/youneedn^t.2）must是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，haveto有更多的时态形式。1•heplayisrftinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.1.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.3）表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1•You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.1.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.考点总结1.must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。2.must表示必要性，意为“必须”。3.must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。四>dare,need1）dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为darede1•HowdareyousayPmunfair?2.Hedaren'tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?3.Ifwedarednotgotherethatday,wecouldn5tgetthebeautifulflowers.2）need作情态动词用时，用于疑问句、否定句。1.Youneedn^tcomesoearly.2.——NeedIfinishtheworktoday?——Yes,youmust./No,youneedn^t・3）dare和iwed作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化，在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式，need后面只能接带to的不定式。1.1daretoswimacrossthisriver.2.Hedoesn'tdare（to）answer.3.Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.考点总结1.need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2.dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。\n一般过去时一般过去吋：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能是一次性，也可能经常发生。用法：①表示过去习惯或经常性的动作或状态。②表示过去某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday,last（year等），in（1998等）。如：Hecametoourcityintheyear2000.（他2000年来到我们市）④讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明口的过去事件等一般用过去时，而且经常省略时间状语。如：IhappenedtomeetRoseinthestreet.（我正好在街上遇到露西）谓语构成：1、动词be-►was,were2、动词have,has—►had3、助动词do,does―did4、行为动词用过去式。过去式的规则变化：1、一般加,work一worked2＞以e结尾的单词直接加・d,change一changed3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重度闭音节单词，先双写末尾辅音字母，再加・ed,stop一stopped,prefer一preferred4、以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先改y为i,再加・ed,study—studied5、不规则变化:记忆一般将来时一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。时间状语提示词：tomorrow,this（afternoon）,next（year）,oneday,now,soon,someday,sometime,inthefuture用法：1•表示将要发生的动作和状态2•没有时间状语时，根据上下文判断谓语动作的发生3•表示将来经常发生的动作或倾向性的动作。注意：•用will构成的将来时，表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“wiF用于所有人称。如：Iwillgraduatefromthisschoolsoon.（我很快就要从这所中学毕业了）YouwillstayaloneafterIleave.（我走了之后你就要一个人过了）李特色讲痢1•Look!Thetrafficlighthasturnedred.WeC_stopourcar.A.canB.can'tC.mustD.mustn^t2.一HeDbeintheclassroom,Ithink.\n一No，hebeintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.A.can；maynotB.must；maynotC.may；mustn'tD.may；can't2.Nowadays.allpassengersCgothroughsafetycheckbeforetakeatrain.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will5.Harry'sbeendrivingalldayhe.Dbetired.A.needB.canC.shallD.must1xLucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy_didnotherhomeworkathome.3XTherewassomeorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句）Wasthere_anyorangeinthecup?3.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistoryyesterday.（—般疑问句）DidFrankreadaninterestingbookabouthistoryyesterday?1.NextweekIBaparty.A.amgoingtohaveB.hadC.ishavingD.has2.JerrypromisedBhisbedroomlater.A.tidyingB.totidyC.tidiesD・tidied3.DoyouwanttoCadoctorwhenyouYeolder?A.isB.areC.beD.am2.WhatdoyouwanttobewhenyouB?A.willgrowupB.growupC.isgoingtogrowupD.grewup字当堂练可1-Jack,_A_yourideabike?-Yes,Ican.A.canB.mayC.needD.must2.Mr.Zhoucan?tfindhisIDcardanywhere.ItCbelost.A.can'tB・canC.must3.There'sanimportantfootballmatchtoday.IB_missit.A.mayB.can'tC.mustD.needn't4.一Whataboutgoingswimmingthisafternoon?一YouCbejoking!Don'tyouknowFmafraidofwater?A.mayB.canC.must5.一Dick,C_Iuseyoure-dictionary?一Yes,sure.yougiveittoDavidafteryouuseit?A.will;WouldB.may;MightC.can;Could-、过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式\nis\amwasflyflewstudystudiedareweredrinkdrankplayplayedgowentmake.madedoesdiddancedancedworry.worriedaskasked_taste.tastedeatatedrawdrewputouthavehadstopstoppedreadreaddodid三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1They_was_(be)onthefarmamomentago.2There_was_(be)ashopnotlongago.3Jenny_didn'tgo_(notgo)tobeduntil11:00o'clocklastnight.4Danny_read(read)Englishfiveminutesago.5I_saw(see)LiLei_went(go)outjustnow.6He_does—(do)hishomeworkeveryday.Buthedidn^tdo_(notdo)ityesterday.7WhenIwasyoung,I_played(play)gameswithmyfriends.8When_didyou_write(write)thisbook?Iwrote_itlastyear.9Didhe—have—(have)lunchathome?10I_ate(eat)thebread,Ifullnow.巩固提高用can,may,must,need,haveto,hadbetter的适当形式填空：LYoumustreturnthelibrarybookontime.1.一mayIfinishtheworkrightnow?——No,youhavenotto(not).Youcandoitlater.2.Hermotherwasill.Shehavetostayathomeandlookafterhe匸7.Theycangototheconcert.(改为一般疑问句)cantheygototheconcert?8.CanMarygotoyourbirthdayparty?(作出否定冋答)no、shecan't•10-Joehastogotothedoctorbecausehehastheflu.(就划线部分提问)whydoesJoehavetotogotothedoctor?适当形式填空1.Tracywore(wear)hermother^clothestothepartylastSunday.2.Garytook(take)ashowerlastnight.3.Mr.Smithcame(come)toourschoolforavisitthreedaysago.4.Bettybecame(become)ateacherlastyea匸\n1.Davidput(put)onhisfather^sweater.It^stoobigforhim.2.Frankread_(read)comicbooksalldayyesterday.选择题1、—Ahereandaskhimaboutityesterday?A・DidyoucomeB・WouldyounotgoC.Youdidn'tcomeD.Arenftyougo2、_D_heagoodtimelastSunday?A.Were;wereB.Did;doC.Did;hasD.Did;have3nThestudentshardlystudiedtheEnglishlanguage,_B_they?A.didB.didn't4、-B_thebusjustnow?-Yes,butithasleft.A・Has;comeB.Did;comeC.wereC・Is;comeD.weren'tD・Does;come5、Hecamein,_A_hiscoatandsatdown.A.tookdownB.tookoffC.takingdownD.takingoff1.WhenSoniagrowsup,sheCatennisplayer.A.isB.areC.isgoingtobeD.am2.Nextyear,theGreensA.madeCthesoccerteam.B.makesC.aregoingtomake3.Well,myparentssaytheyA.isgoingtobuyC.boughtD.EB.isgoingtomakeanewcameranextweekend.aregoingtobuyD.buys1.NextSundayweAWestFarmwithourfriends.D.wentA.aregoingtoB.isgoingtoC.goes2.TonightMikeAawelcomepartyforhiscousinfromtheUSA.A.isgoingtohaveC.aregoingtohaveB.begoingtohaveD.amgoingtohave¥家庭作©1.ThereBsomeredpaperonyourdesk.A.beB.isC.areD.have2.Nohurry.ThebuswillarriveBtenminutes.A.atB.inC.forD.by3.Wehavenomorevegetablesinthefridge.ICandbuysome.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.wasgoing4.Oursummerholidayiscoming,andAofstudentsinourschoolwillgotothebeach.\nA.hundredsB.hundredC.twohundredD.twohundreds5-1CmyhomeworkassoonasIgethome.A.doB.didC.willdoD.amdoing6-…DoyouknowifheDtoplaybasketballwithus?—Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.comes;willbeD・willcome;is15.…Howwasyourweekend?…Great!WeCagoodtimeinthepark・A.haveB・arehavingc.hadD.willhave16.…WhenAvourbrotherback?-一Abouthalfanhourago.A.did;comeB.had;comec.do;comeD.have;come17.…WhatAyoulastnight?…Istudiedforatest.A.did;doB.was;doingc.were;didD.did;did18.WhvAyouthismorning,Ann?A.didn't;comeB・don't;comec.haven't;D.hadn't;comecome19.1tobedsolatelastnightthatIcouldn'tgetupontimetoday.A・goB.amgoingc.wentD.havegone20.—WhenCyourmotheryouthatbluedressLucy?…SoiTy,Ireallycan'tremember.Maybetwoorthreeweeksago.A.will;buyB.does;buyC.did;buy1.InanhourICyouarecordingforMikefsprogramme.A.issendingB.amsendingC.amgoingtosendD.sent7-…Howoftendoyouexercise?…Aever.BecauseIamverybusywithmywork.A・HardlyB.NearlyC.AlwaysD.AlmostBIntheU.S.,themostpopularwaytowelcomethenewyeariswithabigparty.Somepartiesareatprivatehomes.Butinrecentyears,ithasbecomemoreandmorecommonforAmericanstogotoahoteloreating-placeonthenightofDecember31st.There,theycaneatabigdinner,drinkchampagne,anddancetoorchestramusic.\nMostNewYear'spartiesareusuallynoisy.Peopleshoutandsing.Andoften,guestsblowonsmallnoisemakerswhenthenewyeararrivesatmidnight.Thistraditionofnoisemakingisbelievedtostartcenturiesago.Peoplethoughtthatloudsoundswoulddriveawaythebadspiritsoftheoldyear.Thebiggest,noisiestNewYear'spartyintheU.S.takesplaceinTimesSquareinNewYork.Thousandsofpeoplegather（聚集）there.Someofthemringbellsandsetfireworks.Othersblowwhistlesofcarhorns（喇叭）.Andattwelveo'clock,theybegintocheerasanelectricsignintheshapeofaredapplelightsupontopofatallbuilding.TheTimesSquarecelebrationincludesanotherwell-knownAmericantradition.Since1929,thebandofmusicianGuyLombardohasgivenaconcertonNewYear'sEve.GuyLombardodiedin1977.But,BillLombardo,haskeptthetraditionalivewithabandconcertataNewYorkcityhotel.WhenthecrowdsinTimesSquarestartcheeringthearrivalofthenewyear,televisioncamerasshowthebandplayingthesongAuldLangSyne.31.ThemostusualwaytowelcomethenewyearintheU.S.isDA.togoshoppingB.tomeetfriendsC.totravelabroadD.toholdabigparty32.ThebiggestNewYear'spartyintheU.S.isCA.inCentralParkB.inHollywoodC.inTimesSquareD.inDisneyland33.Inthepast,someAmericanpeoplemadebignoisewhenthenewyeararrivedA.toexpresstheirfriendshipB.todriveawaythebadspiritsC.tomakeothersmoreexcitedD・togivebestwishestoeachother34.In1929aconcertonNewYear'sEvewasgivenbyAA.thebandofGuyLombardoB・thebandofBillLombardoC.thebandofJohannStraussD.thebandofElvisAaronPresleyabilityn.能力，才能ableadj.有能力的，能干的aboutadv.大约，到处，四处prep.关于，在各处aboveadv•在••上面abroadadv.到（在）国外absentadj•缺席的，不在的acceptvt•接受accidentn.事故，意外accordingto根据achievevt.达到，取得acrossprep.横过，穿过actn.法令，条例V.表演，扮演actionn•行动activeadj•积极的，主动的activityn•活动addvt.增加，增添addressn•地址advantagen.优点,好处\nadvertisementn•广告advicen.忠告，建议advisev.忠告，建议actualadj.实际的，真实的affordvt.负担的起afternoonn.下午，午后课程顾问签学:教学主管签学: