- 392.05 KB
- 2022-08-10 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1)Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.(主动语态)2)Electricityisusedtorunmachines.(被动语态)1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如:appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,cometrue,takeplace,consistofo(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become,contain,cost,fit,have,resemble,suit也没有被动语态。2.被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种吋态形式。表1时?SPANlang=EN-US>—般时进行时完成时现在amaskedambeingaskedisaskedisbeingaskedareaskedarebeingasked过去wasbeaskedwasbeingaskedwerebeaskedwerebeingasked将来shallbeaskedshaIIhavebeenaskedwillbeaskedwiIIhavebeenasked\n过去shouldbeaskedshouldhavebeenasked将来wouldbeaskedwouIdhavebeenasked1.短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如:1)Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat.2)AIItherubbishshouldbegotridof.2.“get+-ed分词”的被动语态“get+-ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.另外,“get+-ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为例如:getdressed(穿衣服)getdivorced(离婚)getengaged(订婚}getconfused(迷惑不解}getlost(迷路)getwashed(洗脸)getmarried(结婚}5.能带两个宾语和S合宾语的动词改为被动语态(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下來。例如:1)Weshowedthevisitorsournewproducts.(主动语态)2)Thevisitorswereshownournewproducts.(被动语态)3)Ournewproductswereshowntothevisitors.(被动态)(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如:\n1)TheteacherappointedhimLeaguesecretary.(主动语态}2)HewasappointedLeaguesecretary.(被动语态)6.被动语态与系表结构的区别(l)Thenovelwaswellwritten.(系表结构}⑵ThenovelwaswrittenbyDiskens.(被动语态)7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思例1:Thebookissellingremarkablywell.例2:Thesongsoundsverybeautiful.能这样用的动词还有read(课起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。例3:Mywatchneedscleaning.(=Mywatchneedstobecleaned).能像need这样用的动词还有:want,require,deserve,do,owe,bind等。例4:Themeatiscooking.例5:Thebookwrittenbytheprofessorisprinting.来源:中国英语学习网编辑:张庆玫八、动词(一)知识概要动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多,但在初中范围主要有以下几方面I'm)题。①时态:初中范围主要有一般现在时,一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时,将來时与过去将來时六种时态。②语态:主动语态与被动语态。③助动词和情态动词。④非谓语动词,也就是不定式,动名词及现在分词的用法。时态主要掌握以下儿种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。1一般现在吋:主要有以下三方面,①用来表示状态,特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如:Matterexistsinthreestates物质有三态。又如:Theearthmovesaroundthesun②表示习惯性和经常发生的动作,如:Ioftengotobedat9:30③在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作,如:AssoonasIgetthereI'lltelephoneyou.2一般过去时:①主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,如.•Iwas川lastweek②过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作,如:Iusedtogetupatsix.\n1一般将来时:用于表示将要发生的动作,其构成方式①用will(shall>+动词原形來表达将来在某一时间|Aj要发生,或经常、将要发生的动作或状态,如:SchoolwillbeginonSepember1st②用begoingto+动词原形,用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如:I'mgoingtoswimthisafternoon③be+现在分词,也就是用某些动调的现在进行时表示将来,如:I'mcoming。这些动词只限于:go,come,leave,start,move,sail,arrive,reach,getto等动词。④在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将來。4现在进行时:用于表示现在正在进行的动作,如:Whatareyoudoingnow?要注意的是表示状态,情感的某些词没有现在进行时,这些动词有:like,have(有),love,know,understand,remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wishhope,expect…5过去将來时:用來表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作,如:Hetoldmehewouldcometomyparty6现在完成时与过去完成时:现在完成时的两个用处是:①用来表达在过去开始的动作持渎到现在,如:I'vestudiedEnglishfortwoyears②用来表込过去发生的事但仑影响到现在,如:Ihaven'thadmybreakfast.soI’mhungrynow现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间,现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在,而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如:Ihaven'tseenmyoldteacherforaIongtime我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话,则将变为过去完成时,如:YesterdayIsawmyoldteacher.Ihadn'tseenhimforaIongtime.因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成吋,但不能与表示一段吋间的状语连用,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbegun如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态,或延续性动词,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbeenonforfiveminutes语态:英语屮只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态,句子屮的主语是动作的执行者,如:Ibrokethewindow而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语:如:Thewindowwasbrokenbyme被动语态主要用于,动作的执行者不明确,或没有必要说出來,如:TheNewbuiIdingwasbuiltlastweek关键要注意的是在主动语态巾有省略不定式符号to的动词,在被动语态要还原,如:主动语态Isawhimcomein.被动语态Hewasseentocomein.助动词和情态动词:助动词本身没有词义,它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词,形成了吋态、语态、构成了疑问句,否定句,以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也川來表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有:can,could,may,might,will,would,must(haveto),shall,should。最后要谈论的是非谓语动词,非谓语动词分为不定式,和动词的ing形式,(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围,这一项不是语法重点,但还是要花一定时间去学习,为的是打下良好的基础。为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如:Toseeistobelieve.(百闻不如一见)Hewanttoseeafilm还可以作补足语,如:Hewantsmetoleave.也可以作状语,如:IcomeheretolearnEnglish.动名词也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeingisbelieving.Ilikeswimmingverymuch.而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语,如:Thegirldrivingacarishersister.(^@)Didyounoticehishandshaking?(宾语补足语}Hearingthenoise,westoppedtalking.(状语)(二>正误辨析E误]Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.\n[正]Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.[析]考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放,lie躺,lie说谎。它们的过去吋、过去分词和现在分词变化如下:lay(方夂)laid,laid,laying(及物动词}lie(躺}lay,lain,lying(不及物动词)lie(说谎>Hed,lied,lying[误]Pleaseriseyourhand.[正]Pleaseraiseyourhand.[析]rise是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,如:Thesunrisesintheeast•而raise是及物动词。[误]Iliketoswimverymuch,bu11dorVtHkeswimmingthisafternoon.[正]Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdon’tIiketoswimthisafternoon.[析]like作为"喜欢"讲时,可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。但要注意的是like与would连用时则一定要接不定式;,如:Wouldyouliketogowithme?再有一点要注意的是,like作为介词"像"讲时,只能用分词作其宾语。[误]StopIDidyoulistentoastrangevoice?[正]Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice?[析]hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么,而listento的侧重点为听的倾向,如:listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallinghelp?这样的词还有Iook与see。它们的侧重点也不同,look重于"看"的倾向,而see重于看见没看见。[误]Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently?[正]Didyouseesomefilmrecently?[析]英语屮see与watch各有不同的用处,see用于看电影、剧目,而watch用作看电视和看球赛。[误]Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.[正]Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.[析]hang有两个含义,①"挂",它的过去时与过去分词是hung,hung;②"绞刑",这时它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词则为hanged,hanged。[误]HowIongcanIborrowthisbook?[正]HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?[析]"借"在英文中有三个词,①借入,艮Pborrow,如:MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?②借出,如:Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词,而keep是延续性动词。如HowlongcanIkeepit?[误]Wehavewonyourclass.[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.[析]win是及物动词,其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语,应是人、队、班级等等,如:Wewonthegame.[误]Ileftmykey.[正]Iforgotmykey.[正]Ileftmykeyathome.[析]leave是"丢下",其后一定要接地点状语,而forget其后不要接地点状语。[误]Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.\n[正]Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasetakethisraincoatwithyou.[析]bring为"带来"如:Nexttimebringyourlittlesisterhere.而take为"带走",fetch为"去某处取什么回来",如:Pleasefetchsomecoffeeforus要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组,如:takeaway拿走takeback收冋takedown取下takeoff脱下take“.out拿出takeplace发生:takehoIdof拿住takepartin参加takeaseat坐下takeone'splace替代takealook看看takeone'sturn轮流takeamessage梢信takecareof照看takeiteasy别着急takeone'stime慢慢来takeone'stemperature测量体温[误]Thepolicemanreachedhisgun.[正]Thepolicemanreachedforhisgun.[析]reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词,如:Ireachedthehotelat8:30但作"伸手去拿",则要用reachforsomething。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive(in+大地方)(at+较小的地方)和getto.要注意的是与get有关的词组有:getback回来getin收割getinto进入getoff下牢geton上牢getout出去getup起床getto到达getreadyfor=bereadyforgetonwellwith与人相处融洽get加比较级为变得如何,例如:getcolderandcolder.[误]Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.[正]Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.[析]英文中的"花赞"有4个spend,cost,take和pay,其中spend与pay所在句中的主语应为人,如:Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedallarsforthebook•而cost与take的主语则是事物,如:11takesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook.[误]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.[正]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.[正]Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.[析]要注意open是动词也是形容词,而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。[误]Pleasewaitaminute.I'mhavingonmyclothes.[正]Pleasewaitaminute.I'mputtingonmyclothes.[析]英语中的穿衣服要分状态,是什么样的穿着打扮,还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用进行吋态,它多用一般吋态,如:Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear则多川进行时來表示状态,如:Sheiswearinganewsweater.在表示动作的词中puton是常用的一同。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物,而要接人,如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldn'tdressthemselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词,如:Heisdressedinwhite.[误]Mycomputercan’tbegin.CouIdyoufindsomeonetohelpme?[正]Mycomputercan'tstart.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?8a[析]begin与start均可指"开始",而且常常可以互换,如:Schoolbegins(starts)at.m.但是在两种情况下不宜用begin而要用start,①当作机器开动、发动讲,如:Mycarcan'tstart.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作为"旅途开始11讲,如:Weshouldhavetostartearly.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.[误]I’mverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.[正]I’mverygladbecauseIhavefoundmyIostkey.China[析]find是不规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是found,found,而found又是另外一词"建立",它是规则动词,其过去戎与过去分词是foundedfounded,如:ThePeople'sRepublicofwasfoundedin1949.[误]Please.Let*sspeakinEnglish.[正]Please.Let’sspeakEnglish.\n[正]Please.Let'stalkinEnglish.[误]CanyouspeakitEnglish?[正]CanyousayitinEnglish?[析]英文中"说"有4个常用词say,telI,speak,taIk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk,如:IwanttotaIkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.而speak其后接语言时足及物动词,其他情况是不及物动词。say与tell是及物动词,其屮tell常用双宾语,如:Tellusastory.但用于讲实话或谎话吋也用单宾语。如:Tellthetruth.[误]CanyousayJapanesefromChinese?[正]CanyoutellJapanesefromChinese?[析]tell…什om为固定词组,即分辨两者的不同。[误]Excuseme,didIsteponyourfoot?[正]Oh,sorry,didIsteponyourfoot?[析]excuseme用于未打扰对方前,以提醒对方注意的用语,而sorry则是由于自己己做的事向对方道歉。[误]Wouldyoucarefortoswimwithus?[正]Wouldyoucaretoswimwithus?[析]carefor后接不定式时,要省略for,或换用名词,如:Wouldyoucareforacupoftea.carefor作"照顾"讲时与lookafter相同。在初巾阶段学习与for有关的词组有:askfor请求callfor接人,请人carefor关心goinfor从事answerfor负责lookfor寻找waitfor等待sendfor请人payfor付款searchfor寻找leavefor去某地preparefor推备thanksomebodyforsomething力某事向某人道谢。[误]Areyouunderstandingit?Yes,Igottoit.[正]Doyouunderstandit?Yes,Igotit.8a[析]understand这一词没有进行时态,如同感观动词love、hate---lgotit是美语,即Iunderstoodit。要记住get作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词,如:I’llgettotheschoolat.m.初巾范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下:belongto属于cometo苏醒pointto(at)指着getto到达referto谈到stickto坚持Ieadto导致turnto翻到lookforwardto期望agreeto同意[误]Themeathasgonebadly.[正]Themeathasgonebad.[析]英语中go,get,become,turn作力转变时,其后接形容词,这时这堅动词应被看作系动词。[误]Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.[正]Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.[析]如果主句的谓语动词是现在吋,其宾语从句可以是任何吋态。如果是过去吋,则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实,所以还应用一般现在时态來表达。E误]I'llcometoseeyouassoonasI'llbeback.[正]I'llcometoseeyouassoonasIamback.[析]在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来,如:IshouldtelIhimwhenhecameback.[误]Iwanttoknowwhetheryoucometomypartytomorrowornot.\n[正]Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillcometomypartytomorrowornot.[析]在宾语从句屮则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句屮仍有状语从句时,依然要用一般现在时表示将来,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowyou'llcomehereornot.[误]Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight?[正]Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?[析]在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行吋,如:IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday[误]Mydassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn'tgowiththem,becauseIhaveseenitbefore.[正]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn'tgowiththembecauseIhadseenitbefore.[析]现在完成吋与过去完成吋的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点,它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时;如动作截止到过去,用过去完成时。例如:I'velearntEnglishforthreeyears.(到现在为止)又如:BeforeIwenttocollege,IhadlearntEnglishforthreeyears.(动作截止到上大学那时,即截止于过去)[误]Pmfeelingwellnow.[正]Ifeelwellnow.[析]瞬间动词有咎无进行时态,它们是:表示思维状态的词:believe,feel,forget,imagine,know,mean,need,prefer,remember,understand,want表示感情的动词:care,like,dolike,love,mind,hate,fear表示状态的词:belong,own感观动词:feel,hear,see,smell,taste[误]Whenhaveyoudonethiswork?[正]Whendidyoudothiswork?[析]when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。[误]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.[正]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.[析]havegoneto是到某地去了,此人现在不在这里。havebeento是到过某地,现在此人在说话现场。[误]Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.[正]Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.[析]截止性动词有完成时态,但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如:WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbegun.但要讲WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfiveminutes这样的用法还有buy,join,die,如:Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天买的这本书。Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.这本书我己买了两天了。Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父亲是5年前去世的。Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父亲己去世5年J’。[误]Haveyouunderstoodthelessons?[正]Doyouunderstandthelessons?[析]有些动词不易用完成时态,它们是understand,think,believe,know(知道)[误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.[误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.[析]在讲述过去的历史事件时,总要用过去时而不要用完成时,而且happenzbreakout,\ntakeplace作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。E误]WhenIwalkedalongthestree1.1happenedtomeetanoldfriend.E正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetIhappenedtomeetanoldfriend.[析]在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中,某一突然事件发生,这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时),而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时>,如.•Whenmyfatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings.[误]Pleasebuyabookforme.[正]Pleasebuymeabook.[正]Pieasebuyabooktome.[析]在接双宾语的动词后而的两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语,如:Buymeabook屮me是间接宾语,而abook是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前罝,其后应加to,如:Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome.[误]Hewasseencomeintothebookstore.[正]Hewasseentocomeintothebookstore.[析]在主动语态屮,有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语,如:Isawhimcomeintothebookstore.但如果变为被动语态时,则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语,如:Isawhimcomingintothebookstore,如变为被动语态吋,则没有变化。如:Hewasseencomingintothebookstore.[误]Hownicethebookis!IsitsoldwelI?[正]Hownicethebookis!Doesitsellwell?[析]有些动词可以表示一种动作,但也可以用来表示某种性质,表示动作时可用被动语态,在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如:ThisbookseIlswell.这本书畅销。Thiscardriveseasily.这车容易驾驶<>Theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服好洗。在作上述表达时,不要用被动语态。而要讲:Thiskindofbookwassoldout.(这种书卖完了)Theseclotheswerewashedbythewashingmachine.这时要用被动语态,因为它描述的是具体动作。[误]MustIdoitnow?No.youmustn't.[正]Mus11doitnow?No,youneedn't.[析]needMJ在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词,其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时,如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't,即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词,如:Ineedtowaitformyboy.[误]Isthisbookyours?Yes,It's.[正]Isthisbookyours?Yes,Itis.[析]在肯定的回答屮不要用缩写形式,而在否定的回答屮可以用缩写形式,如:No.Itisn't.\n[误]I'llhavemybikerepairtomorrow.[正]I'llhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.[析]have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为:让某人作某事,如:Myfatherhadmetolearnhowtodrive,或Myfatherhadmedoingmyhomeworkfrommorningtillmighthave+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如:Ihavemyhaircut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事,则用Iwanttorepairmybikemyself.[误]I'llgetmybrotherrepairthebikeforyou.[正]I.IIgetmybrothertorepairthebikeforyou.[析]have与get的用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。相同之处,如:havesomethingdone/也可用getsomethingdone,或have(get)somebodydoingsomething伸不同之处在于havesomebodydosomething在用get时贝1J要川getsomebodytodosomething。[误]IhavetostudyonSaturdaybutIhaven’ttostudyafulIday[正]IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIdon'thavetostudyafullday.[析]haveto不得不,而don'thaveto为其否定式。[误]IsTomintheclassroom?No.Hemustn'tbeintheclassroom,becauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.[.正]IsTomintheclassroom?No.Hecan'tbeintheclassroombeeauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.[析]must加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测,而表示否定的推测则要用carVt。[误]Mygrandpaisovereightybutheisabletoreadwithoutglasses.[正]Mygrandpaisovereighty,buthecanreadwithoutglasses.[析]can(could}多用于表达客观的事实,主观能力,而beableto则多用于表达主观的意愿。[误]Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Sheshouldbeasleep.[正]Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Shemustbeasleep[析]should用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该",如:YoushouIddoyourhomeworkrightaway.而must加动词原形表示一种推测。[误]Doyouliketogowithus?[正]Wouldyouliketogowithus?[析]Doyoulike…问的是习惯,如:Doyoulikeswimming?而wouldyoulike是一-次性的邀请。[误]Iamusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.[正]Iamusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.[析]usedto共有三种用法,①表示过去的习惯,如:IusedtoIivewithmyparents.②表示过去的习惯延续到现在,如:Iamusedtoswimmingintheriver.③用于被动语态,如:Oilisusedtocook[误]Toplaywiththechildrenareveryinteresting.[正]ToplaywiththechiIdrenisveryinteresting.[析]不定式作主语时,应视为单数主语,特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时,如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如:Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyourhealth.[误]Heaskedmedomyhomeworkalone.[正]Heaskedmetodomyhomeworkalone.[析]莊些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语,它们是:asksomebodytodo\nsomething要求某人做某事。telIsomebodytodosomething告诉某人做某事还有prepare准备,decide决定,happento碰巧,seem似乎《[误]hetoldmetodriveacar.[正]Hetoldmehowtodriveacar.[析]要学会疑问词加不定式的用法,特别要注意的是what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.(我想知道干什么)。Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.(我想知道如何去作)。要注意的是howtodoit巾的it是不可少的,因how是疑问副词,不能作及物动词的宾语,而what是疑问代词,可做do的宾语,所以whattodo后不要加it。[误]Iamverygladmeetingyou.[正]Iamverygladtomeetyou.[析]许多形容词后加不定式,这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度,如:glad,happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,sad,upset,ready,carefuI,surprisedo[误]I’mtoogladforseeingyou.[正]I'mtoogladtoseeyou.[析]这句话不能按照too-to的句型翻译为:我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为:见到你太高兴了。又如:Sheistoohonesttotellthetruth应译为:她很诚实,不会不讲实话。[误]Tomistooyoungnottojointhearmy.[正]Tomistooyoungtojointhearmy.[析]这是too-to的正常用法,太如何如何以至于不能如何。[误]Iwenttothehospitalforseeingmyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.[正]Iwenttothehospitaitoseemyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.[析]在句屮表示某动作的目的时,要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。[误]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtosit.[正]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtositon.[析]当不定式作后置定语时,将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则其后面的介词不要省略。如:Isatonthechair.这样的用法还有:Iwanttofindaroomtolivein.Iwanttofindapentowritewith.[误]Whenmotherwasaboutleavingthebabycriedsuddenly.[正]Whenmotherwasabouttoleavethebabycriedsuddenly.[析]beaboutto是表达较近的即将发生的动作,可用来表示将来时,或按计划、安排的事。[误]Thisworkisdifficulttobedone.[正]Thisworkisdifficulttodo.[析]在不定式作宾语吋,下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。①句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者,如:IhaveaIotofletterstowrite.②句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者,如:Couldyoufindmeajobtodo?③在形容词之后的不定式,如:EnglishisdifficuIttolearn.[误]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus?Yes,I'dlove.[正]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus?Yes,Tdloveto.[析]在U语简答语巾要将不定式符号保留,如:Ihadto(不得不作)I'mgoingto(打算作)Iusedto(过去习惯作)I'dloveto(喜欢作}Ihopeto(希望作某事)I'llbegladto(高兴作)[误]Didyouseesomeonetodothisworkforme?[正]Didyouseesomeonedothisworkforme?\n[析]在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see,lookat,watch,hear,listento,feel,noticeo[误]Hewasseenpreparethiscar.[正]Hewasseentopreparethiscar.[析]在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。[误]PleaseLetmychildtotryitagain.[正]PleaseLetmychildtryitagain.[析]在make,have,Iet后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。[误]Whynottodoitagain?[正]Whynotdoitagain?[析]Whynot,you'dbetter后接不带to的不定式,如:You'dbettergo.但要注意的是仑的否定戎是You'dbetternotgo.[误]Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelptocry.[正]Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelpcrying.[析]Can*thelP+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。[误]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallingleaves.[正]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallenleaves.[析]现在分词作定语有正在的含义,如:fallingleave正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallenleaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有己经完成的意思。[误]Doyouhearsomeonesingintheoffice?[正]Doyouhearsomeonesingingintheoffice?[析]感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语,表达一个动作的全过程或己结束的动作,而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。[误]Iwanttoshopsomefoodforsupper.[正]Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.[正]Iwanttogoshopping.[析]shop作买东西讲时,要用goshopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有:goboating划船gosailing航海goskating滑冰goshooting射击godancing去跳舞gofishing钓魚goswimming去游泳不要用错,也不要改为其他式,因为这是习惯用法。[误]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtotaik.[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom.thestudentsstoppedtaIking.[析]stoptodosomething是停下来去做某事,而stopdoingsomething则是停止做某事。[误]Ididn'trememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.[正]Ididn'tremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.[析]remember后接不定式是记着去做某事,即该动作并没有完成。而remember后接动名词则表明该动作i_L经作完了。如:Doremembertoturnoffthelight,beforeyouleave.即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。Iremembermeetingyousomewhere.我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同川法还有forget。[误]WhenIfinishedtodothisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.[正]WhenIfinisheddoingthisworkIwouldgotopiayfootball.[析]在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初屮范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy,千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用吋,其后接动名词表示习惯性动作,\n接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作,而wouldyouHke后面则一定要用不定式。[误]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentonplayingthefootball.[正]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentontopiayfootball.[析]goontodosomething是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而goondoingsomething是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。[误]He'sbusytopreparehisIessons.[正]He'sbusypreparinghislessons.[析]bebusy后加doing而不能接不定式。(三)例题解析1MrZhangaskedmethewordsagain.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading[答案]c.[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。2Youplayontheroad.It'sdangerous.A.mustn'tB.mayC.canD.must[答案]A.[析]must用于否定句表示禁止做某事。3MrBrown一inBeijingsince1993.A.workB.worksC.workedD.hasworked[答案]D.[析]句中有since引导的时间状语,因此句中要用完成时态。4Ialetterwhenmymothercamein.A.writeB.amwritingC.waswritingD.willwrite[答案]c.[析]当母亲进來时是一个瞬时的动作,而写信是一个长动作,所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态,表示在写信过程屮发生的另一个短动作。5It'snotanimportantparty,youneedn't.A.payforit\nA.wearitoutB.tryitoutC.dressupforit[答案]D.[析]payfor-为某物,某人付款,wearout•穿坏,磨破,tryout-选拔,挑选,而dressup-梳妆打扮。1CanIabikefromhim?A.lendB.returnC.giveD.borrow[答案]D.[析]borrowsomethingfrom…为向某人某处借某物。而lend,return,give后面的介词应用to。2-MustIstayathome?-No,you.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.maynotD.cannot[答案]B.[析]needn’t为"没有必要必须做某事",而mustn’t为"禁止做",cannot为"不能做"。根据题意是:你不一定待在家里。3-Howlonghaveyouhere?-Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived[答案]A.[析]havebeenhere是个状态,可以与后面的长吋间状语连接,而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。4Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused[答案]D.[析]这里是被动语态,意为邮票被人们用来发信。5TheradiosaysTianjinwillbetomorrow.\nA.rainsB.rainC.rainedD.rainy[答案]D.[析]rainy为形容词作表语。1Ifyoudorftknowthisword,inthedictionary.A.lookforitB.lookatitC.lookafteritD.lookitup[答案]D.[析]lookup查字典,与Iook有关的词组有:lookabout四周环视lookafter照顾lookaround周围,四处看lookat看lookback冋顾lookfor寻找lookforwardto期待lookout当心looklike看上去像2Myfathertoldmeplayonthestreet.A.notB.tonotC.nottoD.didnot[答案]c.[析]不定戎的否定式;是nottodosomething.3ThereisgoingtoanEnglishpartythisevening.A.beB.hasC.haveD.is[答案]A.[析]这里是therebe无生命的"有"加助动词的句型,即therewHIbe,而没有therehave的句型。4TherenobusstophereIastyear.A.isB.wasC.areD.were[答案]B.[析]lastyear为去年,所以用过去吋。而therebe句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之\n最近的名词是单数还是复数。如:Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.1Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingifittomorrow.A.isn'trainB.rainsC.worVtrainD.doesn'train[答案]D.[析]在状语从句中应用一般吋态来表示将来。2Bikesmustn'teverywhere.A.beputB.beputtedC.putD.putting[答案]A.[析]这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下:putaway放好putoff推迟puton穿上putout扑灭putdown放下17NeitherLiLeinorHanMeimeiHarbin.A.havebeentoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.hasgoneto[答案]B.[析]hasbeento是去过某处。18It'scoldtodayyou’dbettermorecoats.A.putonB.takeoffC.toputonD.totakeoff[答案]A.[析]'dbetter其后加不带to的不定式,而puton为"穿上"。19HenryabirthdaycardforSamyesterday.A.hasboughtB.buysC.boughtD.willbuy[答案]c.[析]因句屮的yesterday为表达过去的时间状进,所以应用过去时态。20WhenIgottothefactory,theworkersaboutthefilim.A.aretalking\nA.talkedB.weretalkingC.havetalked[答案]c.[析]状语从句中所用的动词为过去时,则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作,所以要用过去进行时。21Nohurry,pleaseyourtime.A.takeB.bringC.carryD.catch[答案]A.[析]takeone'stime慢慢来别着急。22Ienjoythelightmusic.A.toIistentoB.listeningtoC.hearingD.tohear[答案]B.[析]enjoy与finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。23Pleaseassoonasyougetthere.A.ringmeupB.ringupmeC.wakemeupD.wakeupme[答案]A.[析]ringup打电话,而wakeup唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时,一定要放在动词与介词之间。24WhenI,1wanttobeateacher.A.growsupB.growupC.shallgrowD.grewup[答案]B.[析]growup长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将來,即使主句也用的是一般现在时,但它含有将來之意。25Icalledhimandhetohaveatalkwithme.A.stopB.stops\nA.stopedB.stopped[答案]D.[析]这是由and连接的两个并列句,所以时态应保持一致。21-Wouldyoupieasemeanevaser,Lucy?-Certainly.Hereyouare.A.borrowB.lendC.borrowedD.Ient[答案]B.[析]wouldyouplease其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形,而borrow为"借入"而lend为"借出"。22Treesinspring.A.plantB.wereplantedC.shouldbeplantedD.shouldplant[答案]c.[析]should用于一般现在时态屮表示应该,而此句乂是被动语态。23•Where'syourfather?•HetoParis.A.goB.goesC.wentD.hasgone[答案]D.[析]hasgone是已去某处了,不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。24-MustIfinishmyhomeworkinclassnow?-No,you.Youcandoitathome.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.needn'tD.can[答案]c.[析]needn't表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问,肯定句用must,否定句用needn't.25Thankyouverymuchforyourbookme.A.lending,toB.lent,toC.borrow,from\nA.borrowing,from[答案]A.[析]for是介词,要用动名词作介词宾语。21TheGreatGreenWallwiIIstopthewindfromtheearthaway.A.blowingB.blowC.blowsD.toblow[答案]A.[析]stop"*fromdoingsomething.阻止某人或某物作某事。22ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybike,ifitfinetomorrow.A.willbeB.isC.shallbeD.was[答案]B.23Ourteacheralwaystellsusinthestreet.It'stoodangerous.A.don'tplayB.nottoplayC.toplayD.notplay[答案]B.[析]不定式的否定式为nottodo。24EnglishisausefulIanguage.Itwidelyintheworld.A.isspokenB.wasspokenC.canspeakD.willspeak[答案]A.[析]本句为被动语态。25Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.ltabird.A.looksatB.lookslikeC.looksforD.looksafter[答案]B.[析]looklike像,其中like为介词。26-Look!What'sWangPingdoingoverthere?-Sheunderabigtree.\nA.singsB.sangC.hassungD.issinging[答案]D.21Youseeadoctor.You’vegotabadcold.A.willB.aregoingtoC.hadbetterD.could[答案]c.[析]hadbetter最好,意为一种真心的劝告。22Yourradioistooloud.Wouldyouplease?A.turndownitB.turnitdownC.toturndownitD.toturnitdown[答案]B.[析]wouldyouplease后面加动词原形。23CouldyouteIImeifittomorrow?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain[答案]c.[析]if从句是宾语从句,而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时,而不能用一般现在吋表示将来。24Suddenlyoneofthebagsthetruckandlandedinthemiddleoftheroad.A.feIIoutB.felldownC.felloffD.willbe[答案]C.[析]falloff掉落,与off有关的词组有seeoff送行giveoff散发shutoff关闭kickoff踢掉turnoff关闭getoff下午-jumpoff跳下showof炫耀takeoff脱下payoff付清41Heatthisschoolsincetwoyearsago.A.wasB.hasbeenC.is\nA.willbe[答案]B.[析]since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。42Shedoesn'tknow.A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo[答案]B.[析]when,how,where均力疑问副词,而what力銃问代词,又因do是及物动词说要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为whentodoit,howtodoit,wheretodoit.43Mustolderpeopletopolitely.A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken[答案]D.[析]这句话的主动语态应为Peoplemustspeakpolitelytoolderpeople对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。44Teachersusuallyasktheirstudentsloudlyinclass.A.tospeakB.speakC.speaksD.spoke[答案]A.[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。45•WhereisMrZhang?-Look!Heonabigmachineoverthere.A.worksB.workedC.isworkingD.hasworked[答案]c.[析]由look,liston等词开始的句子一般要用现在进行时态。46There'safootballmateh.PleasetheTVatonce.Let'swatchtogether.A.turnonB.takeoffC.turnoffD.goon\n[答案]A.[析]turnon打开。与turn有关的词组有:turnagainst背叛turnon打开turn+颜色变为某种颜色turnoff关闭turnover翻转turnto翻到某页turninto变为turnup向上翻47Pieasetellmewherehaveourpicnictomorrow.A.wewillB.willweC.willD.willyou[答案]A.[析]where引导的从句是宾语从句,而不是状语从句。48We—Englishforthreeyearsalready.AndwecanspeakalittleEnglishnow.A.learnB.havelearnedC.haslearnedD.willlearn[答案]B.[析]for+表示一段长度的时间词,应与完成时相呼应。49Atlast,LinFengmadethebabyandbegintolaugh.A.stoptocryB.stopcryingC.tostoptocryD.tostopcrying[答案]B.[析]makesomebodydo(ordoing)something,stopdoing意为停止做某事o50Ourclassroommustcleaneveryday.A.keepB.tokeepC.bekeptD.tobekept[答案]c.[析]应为被动语态。51Ihearthereasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.A.isgoingtohaveB.willhaveC.isgoingtobeD.aregoingtobe[答案]c.[析]这是hear的宾语从句是therebe句型。而且是用了begoingto形式;。52It'sgettingcolder,Peter.You'dbetterthiscoatwithyou.A.bringB.carry\nA.takeB.get[答案]C.[析]bring带來,take带走。48Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy.Iteveryday.A.cleansB.iscleaningC.cleanedD.iscleaned[答案]D.[析]这里表达的是经常的一种状态,所以应用一般现在吋的被动语态。49Ifyouarenotcarefulinthestreet,acarmayyou.A.hurtB.hitC.runD.catch[答案]B.[析]hit撞上,碰上,击屮50Thefarmerswerebusyreadyforthenextyear.A.gotB.gettingC.togetD.get[答案]B.[析]bebusy后应用动词的ing形式。动词时态、语态一时态习:作谓语的动词用来表示动作发生时间的各种形式。1.一般现在吋(1)用法:①经常或习惯性的动作。②真理:Theearthmovesroundthesun.③在时间或条件状语从句中,一般现在时表示将来。TeIIheraboutthatwhenshecomestomorrow.We’IIgothereifitdoesn’trainthisafternoon.⑵结构:①一般加动词原形。②主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加s.③be和have有特殊形式。④在构成否定/疑问吋,要借助助动词do/does.(3)Keywords:every,always,often,usually'sometimes'onceayear.2.—般过去时(1)。用法:①在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。②过去习惯性的动作,常与often,always连用。③布吋间或条件状语人句中,可表示过去将来吋。HewouIdringmeupassoonashearrived.(2).结构:①动词的过去式。②动词be(was,were)③构成否定或疑问时,借助助动词did.\n(1)Keywords:last,yesterday,justnow,ago,in2000,atthattime.*“usedto+动词原形”1.—般将來时⑴。用法:①有表示将來时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,要从意思上判断是否指将来的情况。②在时间或条件状语从句屮,不用将来时态,而用现在时。⑵。结构:①shall(第一人称问句中,征求对方意见或询问情况)②。will(问对方是否愿意,表客气的邀请或命令)③。begoingto(打©、准备做的事,即将发生、肯定要发生的事)④。go/come/start/move/leave/arrive/stay/move用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。⑶。Keywords:thisevening,next,inaweek,tomorrow,beforelong,tonight7lateron)2.一般过去将来时⑴。用法:从过去的某一吋间看来将要发生的动作,常用于宾语从句中。⑵。结构:①。should②.would③was/weregoingto⑶.Keywords:thenext.3.现在进行时(Do用法:①此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。②位移动词(go,come,leave,start)和终止性动词可用进行吋表示将来。Weareleavingnextweek.Heisdying.⑵.结构:be动词+V-ing.⑶.Keywords:now,look,listen,thistime,at4:00,between4:00and6:00.4.过去进行时(Do用法:①在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。Iwasreadingabookthistimeyesterday.②没有时间状语,通过上下文睹示判断。ShewashavinglunchwhenIarrived.(1).结构:was/were+V-ing(2).Keywords:thistimeyesterday,atthattime,atfourlastSunday,from6:00to9:00lastnight.5.现在完成吋⑴。川法:①表示过去某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果。Hehasreadthebook.②表示到现在为止这一时期中的情况。Ihavewalkedtoworkthesedays.(3)11个终止性动词:(come,go,open,close,leave,arrive,start,begin,become,join,borrow,Iend.)A.不能与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。B。在否定句中可以,因为否定式可表示状态,而状态是可延续的。Ihaven'theardfromherforalongtime.⑵结构:has/have+P.P.⑶.Keywords:already,never,ever,just,before,yet,since(for)+从句,inthepast…,eversince,thesedays,sofar,bytheendof,howlong(howmanytimes)引导的疑问句。*ohavebeento与havegoneto的区另U。6.过去完成吋⑴。用法:①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前己经发生或完成了的动作。②通过上下文暗zj\o⑵。错构:had+过去分词(表示过去的过去)(3)oKeywords:by,before+短语或从句,when.语态复习语态\n1.主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者。2.被动语态(承受者)⑴。用法:当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或只需强调动作的承受者时。⑵。结构:①一般现在时的被动语态:be+过去分词②一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+过去分词③一般现在吋带情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词。⑶。注意点。①被动语态的主语。I。介词宾语不能作被动的主语。Wecanchangewaterintoice.—Watercanbechangedintoice.II.不定式的宾语不能作被动的主语。Weoftenhearhersingthissong.-*Sheisoftenheardtosingthissong.Pinglll.宾语补足语不能作被动的主语。TheymadeLiPingmonitor.—Uwasmademonitor.IV.直接宾语(物)作被动的主语时,间接宾语(人)前要加to或for.IgaveJoanaknife.—AknifewasgiventoJoanbyme.V.地点状语不能作被动的主语。RussianisalsotaughtinourschooI.②被动语态的谓语。I。两种语态互换时,谓语动词应按变化后的主语而定。MrSmithteachesthemEnglish.-*TheyaretaughtEnglish.Il.使役动词(make,hear/listenjet,watch,feel,see/look)变被动时,要恢复被省略的to.Hisfathermadehimdothatwork.-*Hewasmadetodothatwork.③被动语态的短语动词保持完整性。ShecantakecareoftheoIdman.—Theoldmancanbetakencareof.④不及物动词或相当不及物动词的短诏不能构成被动。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhornetownthesedays.⑤that引导的宾语从句变被动时,it作形式主语。Theysaythatheismuchbetter.-*Itissaidthatheismuchbetter.初中英语八种时态的谓语结构及主谓的搭配2006-12-19[作者:石吟菊转贴自:本站原创点击数:2647更新吋间:文章录入:syjll55]初中三年我们所学的时态共有八种,即一般现在吋,现在进行吋,现在完成吋,一般将来吋,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时与过去将来时.\n我们知道,学习初屮英语语法,时态是比较重要的.而且学习对于这一点,学起来也感觉特别听力,因此,系统完整地讲解也显得如此的重要,特别是对于初三的学生,知识的条理化、系统化会对他们的后期复习帮助很大。下面我将把自己归纳总结的初中英语的八种吋态的谓语结构以陈述句力例写下来与大家一起分享,同时也希望大家对此提出自己的见解与看法,以期得以共同进步与成长。时态谓语结构主语谓语一般现在时动词原形\三单式第三人称单数动词三单式非第三人称单数动词原形现在进行时am\is\are+动词现在分词Iam+动词现在分词第三人称单数is+动词现在分词其他are+动词现在分词一般将来时am\is\aregoingto+动词原形Iamgoingto+动词原形第三人称单数isgoingto+动词原形其他aregoingto+动词原形will\shall+动词原形we(疑问句中)shall+动词原形其他will+动词原形现在完成时haS\haVe+动词过去分词第三人称单数has+动词过去分词非第三人称单数have+动词过去分词-般过去时动词过去式任意动词过去式过去进行时was\were+动词现在分词第三人称单数was+动词现在分词非第三人称单数were+动词现在分词过去将來时was\weregoingto+动词原形访三人称単数was+goingto+动词原形非策三人称单数were+goingto+动词原形过去完成时had+动词过去分词任意hack动词过去分词注:表位置移动的动词的现在进行时也可表即将发生.如,leavegocome等1.Itisafineday.Thesun(shine)brightly.ScienceMuseum2.They(visit)thenextSunday.BeijingChina3.MrBrown(live)insincehecameto.4.MrWang(teach)usEnglishtwoyearsago.5.TheSmiths(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.6.We(learn)abouttenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.7.Fathersaidthathe(buy)anewbikeformethenextFriday.\n4.Billisn'there.He(chat)withhisfriendsintheclassroom.5.Theteachersaidthatthemoon(go)roundtheearth.6.TheYoungPioneerswillgotothezooifit(notrain)thisSunday.7.Listen!They(talk)aboutthenewfilm.Chinal2.Jimaskeduswhat(happen)inin1976.13.Mymobilephone(steal)onabuslastweek.14.Thehost(interview)thelittleboyjustnow.15.TheGreens(watch)TVnow.16.Hesaidthathe(ring)meupwhenhegotthere.17.We(learn)Englishforaboutthreeyears.18.Mybrother(join)theLeaguein1997.19.Thefarmers(pick)appleswhenIsawthem.20.Theredskirt(cost)thegirlfortyyuan.21.Thefilm(begin)whenIgottothecinema.22.ThegirltoldmethatshewantedtobeanEnglishteacherwhenshe(grow)up.23.Mysisterisastudentandshe(study)atamiddleschoolnearby.SouthChina24.MrGreen(travel)toseveralplacesinsincehecamehere.25.You(catch)theearlybusifyougetupearly.26.youbeen(wear)glassesallthetime?27.TilgohomeassoonasI(finish)myhomework.29.Mostsciencebooksare(write)inEnglish.30.1(stay)therefortwomonthslastyear.II.根据句意,选择填空。31.TellLilytocallmeassoonasshe.A.willarriveB.getsthereC.hasgoneD.reachhere32.-—Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter?----1welllastnight.A.didn’tsleepB.don'tsleepC.haven’tsleptD.won'tsleep33.——Excuseme,lookatthesignoverthere,please.Couldyoustopsmoking?Sorry,Ithat.A.didn'tseeB.don'tseeC.won’tseeD.can'tsee34.-—Well,Ifoundthis.Ithinkitmustbeyours.