初中英语副词讲义 3页

初中英语副词讲义一、定义副词（adverb，简写为adv.）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。二、句法功能副词在句中主要用作状语，表语，补语，定语。（句子主干成分：主、谓、宾、系、表；修饰成分：定、状、补）Eg.Heworkshard.（作状语）YouspeakEnglishverywell.（作状语）Foodhereishardlytoget.（作状语）Isshein?（作表语）Lethimout!（作补语）三、常见的副词类型1)时间和频度副词：now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,late,next,already,generally,frequently,seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too,immediately,finally,shortly,before,ago,sometimes,yesterday,once,twice2)地点副词：here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,home,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,up,away,on3)方式副词：carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,politely,proudly,softly,warmly4)程度副词：much,little,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,perfectly,enough,extremely,entirely,almost,slightly,hardly5)疑问副词：how,when,where,why6)关系副词：when,where,why7)连接副词：therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then四、修饰成分⑴修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词有宾语，则要位于宾语之后。频度副词通常放在行为动词前，be动词、情态动词或助动词后面。例如：Theboyisalwaysaskinghisparentsformoney.\nShenevergoestothecinema.Ihaveneverseenthefilmbefore.⑵修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要后置。例如：Sheseemsquitehappy.You'vedoneratherbadlyinthetest.Thewindwasrightinourfaces.Thisgirlisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Hedidn'trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain.⑶用作表语，多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如：Isanybodyin?Fatherisaway.Iamdownstairsandmybrotherisupstairs.Myfriendisstillabroad.⑷少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语，一般位于名词之后。例如：Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourstayhere.希望你在这里过得愉快。Imetafriendofmineonmywayhome.在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。Whatdidyouthinkofthemeetingyesterday?你觉得昨天的会开得怎样？五、副词的构成从形态上看，大多数副词都是由"形容词＋后缀-ly"构成的，例如：slowly,heavily,truly,terribly等。形容词变副词：①在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly　　②以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily　　③某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gently　　注意:friendly;motherly;lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。　　④英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily,early,fast,hard,high,long,near,straight,well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：　　thehighjump跳高项目（形容词）tojumphigh跳得高（副词）　　afastcar行得快的汽车（形容词）todrivefast开快车（副词）　　anearlyriser早起的人（形容词）togetupearly起得早（副词）　　astraightline直线（形容词）Gostraightahead.一直朝前走。（副词）　　注意：兼有两种形式的副词　　①late与lately：\n　　late意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"。例如：Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?　②deep与deeply：　　deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.　　③high与highly：　　high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.　　④wide与widely：　　wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如：Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.