初中英语专题复习 10页

叶耘利111106冠词(art．)用在名词前，帮助说明其意义   冠词分为不定冠词a／an和定冠词the，放在名词前、a／3n用在单数可数名词前(a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前)。   1．不定冠词   (1)不定冠词的用法   ①泛指—类人或物。   eg．Thisisapencilcase．   ②指不具体的某个人或物。   eg.ImetanoldmanOnmywayhome．   ③用在序数词前，相当于another。   eg．There’sathirdboyneartheshop.   ④表示“每—(个)”，相当于every。   eg．Theyhavemusiclessonstwiceaweek．   ⑤固定搭配。   alotof，alot，alittle，afew，aglassof，sucha／an， haveawordwith，havealook，haveatry，haveaswim，aquarter，halfanhour，threetimesaday，haveatalk，giveatalk，tenyuanakilo   (2)不定冠词的位置   ①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。   eg，abike，anegg   ②当名词被such，what，many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。   eg．Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishmyhomework．   ③当名词前的形容词前有so，how，too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。   Eg.Shewassoniceagirlthatshetooktheblindmantothestation．   ④当名词前面有形容词和quite，rather，very时，不定冠词放在quite，rather之后，very之前。   eg．Itisquiteagoodbook．   2．定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。　 eg:lhavetwochildren，aboyandagirl.Theboy'snameisMark．Thegirl’snameisPenny.   (2)特指某(些)人或物。   eg:ThegirlinareddresscomesfromAmerica．   (3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。   eg:Myshoesareunderthebed．\n   (4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。  egTomisthetallerofthetwoboys．   (5)用在序数词前。  egMondayistheseconddayofaweek．   (6)用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。   eg.Themoonmovesroundtheearth．   (7)用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。   the　rich(富人)，thepoor(穷人)，thedeaf(聋人)，theblind(盲人)，thedead(死者)，thewounded(伤员)   (8)用在姓氏复数前，表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。   eg．TheGreensarehavingdinnerathome．   (9)用在乐器前。   eg．playthepiano／guitar／violin／drums．   (10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。   eg.Ithinkheisinthethirties．   (11)用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。   theUnitedNations，theGreatWall，theSummerPalace，thePalaceMuseum，intheend，intheday，inthemiddleof，allthetime，intheeast，bytheway，onthewayto，the(more)．．．the(more)…“越…越…”   3．不用冠词的情况   (1)名词前有指示代词this，that，these，those时不用冠词。   eg．Thatgirlismyfriend．   (2)名词前有物主代词my，your，hisher，their等时不用冠词。   eg．Lucyishersister．   (3)名词前有whose，which，some，any，each，every等代词时不用冠词。   eg．WhichmanisMrGreen?   (4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。   eg．Thoseyoung menareteachers，notstudents．   (5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。   eg．Snowiswhite．   (6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。   eg．Doesshelikemusic?   (7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。   eg．playbasketball／soccer／chess\n   (8)在三餐前不用冠词。   eg．havebreakfast／lunch／supper／dinner   (9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。   eg·Tina，China，TiananmenSquare，Beijing,University，NewYear’sDay，Tuesday，January   (10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。   eg．MyfavoriteisEnglish．(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。 (1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：bybus乘公共汽车；bycar乘汽车；bybike骑/坐自行车；bytrain乘火车；byair/plane乘飞机；bysea/ship乘船，但takeabus，inaboat，onthebike前需用冠词　　(2)名词词组：dayandnight日日夜夜；brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour时时刻刻；hereandthere到处　　(3)介词词组：athome在家；insurprise惊奇地；atnoon在中午;onfoot步行；atnight在晚上；onduty值日；atwork在工作；ontime准时；forexample例如；inclass在上课；onshow展览；inbed在床上　　(4)go短语：gohome回家；gotobed上床睡觉；gotoschool去上学；gotowork去上班；goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼4．在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里　　gotosea出海/gotothesea去海边　　onearth究竟/ontheearth在地球上，在世上　　infrontof在……(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在……(内部的)前面　　takeplace发生/taketheplace(of)代替　　attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁　　bysea乘船/bythesea在海边　　infuture从今以后，将来/inthefuture未来　　gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去　　onhorseback骑着马/onthehorseback在马背上　　twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)　　outofquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion不可能的，办不到的　　nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年　　ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一个人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)　冠词专练\n　　1.Hegavemysister＿＿＿＿usefulbookyesterday.　　A.anB.aC./Dthe　　2.Mybrotheris＿＿＿＿honestboy，sohehasmanyfriends.　　A.aB.anC.theD/　　3.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkin＿＿＿＿westpartofcountry＿＿＿＿nextyear.　　A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/　　4.Thereisabigtree＿＿＿＿thehouse.　　A.inthefrontofB.infrontof　　C.infront　D.atclass　　5.Jimalwaysanswerstheteacher’squestions_______.　　A.inclassB.intheclass　C.afterclassD.atclass　　6.Thereis_____appleonthedesk.　　A.aB.theC.anD./　　2.Thegirlunder____treeismysister.　　A.aB.theC.anD./　　3.Maryisfrom_____USA.　　A.aB.theC.anD./　　4.Hemet_____friendofhisontheroad.　　A.aB.theC.anD./　　5.MrBlackwillgobacktoEngland______.　　A.byairB.byaplaneC.bytrainsD.atatrain　　6.YesterdayIwentto＿＿＿＿workon＿＿＿＿foot.　　A./，/B./，theC.the，/D.the，the　　7.Thereis＿＿＿＿“h”intheword“hour”，but＿＿＿＿“h”doesn’tmakeasound.　　A.a，aB.a，theC.the，，anD.an.the　　8.I’mgoingtoseemymother.Sheisill____.　　A.inhospitalB.inthehospitalC.inahospital　D.atahospital　　9.Wehavethreemeals＿＿＿＿day.Wehavebreakfastat6：30in＿＿＿＿morningeveryday.　　A.the，the，theB.the，/，the　　C.a，/，the　D.a，the，the　　10.——Thisis＿＿＿＿filmI’vetoldyouaboutseveraltimes.　　——It’sGREat.I’veneverseen___moremovingone.\n　　A.a，aB.the，theC.the，aD.a，the　　11.——Tina，couldyoupleaseplay＿＿＿＿pianoformewhileI’msinging？　　——Withpleasure.　　A.aB.anC.theD./　　12.Iwanttotryagain.Pleasegiveme＿＿＿＿thirdchanceagain.　　A.aB.the　C.anD./　　13.——What’sthematterwithyou？　　——Icaught＿＿＿＿badcoldandhadtostayin＿＿＿＿bed.　　A.a;/B.a;the　C.a;aD.the;the　　14.＿＿＿＿sunisshiningbrightly.　　A.AB.An　C.TheD./　　15.Swimmingis＿＿＿＿insummer.　　A.agreatfunB.greatfunC.greatfunsD.greatafun数词   (一)基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。   1．基数词的构成   (1)1-20   one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty   (2)21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。   23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one   (3)101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数；   586→fivehundredandeighty-six，803→eighthundredandthree   (4)l,000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand．第二个“，”前为 million，第三个“，”前为billion(美式)或thousand,million(英式)，然后一节一节地表示。   1，001→onethousandandone   9,785→ninethousand， sevenhundredandeighty-five   18,423→eighteenthousand，fourhundredandtwenty-three   6,260,309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine   750,000,000,000→seven hundredandfifty,billion(美式)sevenhundredandfiftythousandmillion(英式)\n   2．基数词的用法   (1)作主语   eg．FourofthemcomefromParis．   (2)作宾语   eg．一Howmanybookswouldyoulike?       一Iwouldliketwo．   (3)作表语   eg．Sevenminustwoisfive．   (4)作定语   eg．Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily·   (5)作同位语   eg.Youtwowillgoswimmingwithus．   (6)表具体数字时，hundred，thousand，million用单数。   eg.Therearesixhundredstudentsinourgrade．   (7)表不确定的数字时，数词用复数。若带名词，再加ofhundredsof(数百，成百上千的)，thousandsof(数干，成千上万的)，millionsof(数百万)   eg，Theyarrivedintwosandthrees．他们三三两两地来了。   (8)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。   eg.Heisinhisearlythirties．他有三十来岁(31—34岁)：   Thistookplaceinthe1930s．这事发生在二十世纪三十年代；   (9)表示时刻   eg．IwatchCCTVNewsatseveno’clockeveryevening.   (二)序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。   1，序数词的构成   (1)一般在基数词后加th   eg．four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth   (2)不规则变化   one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve--~twelfih   (3)以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th   twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth   (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。   twenty-first，twohundredandforty-fifth   2．序数词的用法\n   (1)序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。   eg．Tomistheirsecondson．   (2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用，表示数量上"又—"，“再一” eg:Hetriedasecondtime．   （3）序数词的缩写形式为：阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。   1st2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，22nd，23rd   (4)表示年、月、日时，年用基数词，日用序数词。2005年8月15日：(英)15，8，2005=15th，August，2005；(美)8，15，2005=August15th，2005   (三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。   No．1(1号)，No．3bus(3路公共汽车)，Room103，(103号旁间)   Thefirstlesson=LessonTwo(第二课)   (四)分数词的表达   分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s   eg．1／3-onethird；2／5-twofifths   (五)数学运算的表达   eg．3+5=8   Threeplus／andfiveiseight．   9-2=7   Nineminustwoisseven．   6x5=30 Fivetimessixisthirty／sixunutilizedfiveisthirty．   8÷2=4   Eightdividedbytwoisfour．初中英语数词练习(     )1.Lincolnwasbornon________. A.February12,1809 B.1809,February12  C.1809,12February  D.February1809,12(     )2.A_______boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell. A.ten-year-old   B.tenyearsold   C.ten-year-old    D.fifthyearsold(     )3.Anhourlater,_____ministerwassenttoseethe"magiccloth"wovenbythosetwomen. A.two    B.thesecond    C.thetwo     D.second(      )4.AbrahamLincolnwas_______PresidentoftheUnitedStates. A.16    B.the16     C.16th     D.the16th(     )5.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus________? A.two    B.thetwo    C.second    D.thesecond(     )6.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?          ________. A.Twentynine    B.Thirtyandtwo    C.Forty-five    D.fifties\n(      )7.Whichnumberiswrong?_______. A.Ninety    B.Ninteen     C.Ninth     D.Nineteenth(      )8.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasfounded_______. A.onAugust1,1927  B.in1927,1August  C.onAugust1st,1927  D.inAugust1,1927(     )9.Thenumber4,123isread_______. A. fourthousandonehundredandtwenty-three B.fourthousandandonehundredtwenty-three C. fourthousandandahundredandtwenty-three D.fourthousandsahundredandtwenty-three(     )10.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis_________. A.inhissixty   B.inhissixties    C.insixties    D.inthesixty(     )11.Thisclassroomis________ours. A.threetimesbigas B.asthreetimesbigas C.threetimesasbigas D.asbigthreetimesas(     )12.Thebasketballteamofourschoolranks________inthematch. A.three    B.third     C.thethree      D.thethird(     )13.Whichisthecarthathedrives?It's________. A.fiftytwo   B.thefifty-twocars   C.thecarfiftyfour    D.thefifty-fourthcar(  )14.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?________. A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.       B.Heisattheageof15. C.Heisaboyof15.               D.Heisfifteenyearold.(  )15.Ourschoolisnotverybig.Thereareonly________students. A.ninehundredsof  B.ninehundred   C.ninehundreds    D.ninehundredof(   )16.Howmanynewwordsaretherein________lesson?       Thereareonly_________. A.five;fifth     B.fifth;five     C.thefifth;thefive     D.thefifth;five(   )17.________,Coca-ColabegantoenterChina'smarket. A.In1970's   B.In1970s    C.Inthe1970s'    D.Inthe1970s(   )18.Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada________. A.tenmileswalk    B.ten-milewalk   C.tenmile'swalk    D.tenthmilewalk(   )19.Todayisthefirstdayand________. A.Tuesdayisfourth B.Thursdayisthefourth C.secondisTuesdayD.asecondisThursday(   )20.Whichroomdoyoulivein?________. A.The201Room   B.Room201    C.Room201st   D.The201'sRoom(   )21.Howmanymagazinesdoyouhave?Ihave________. A.two    B.both     C.twice     D.thesecond(   )22.Threehundredthousandonehundredandseventymeans________.\n A.3,170    B.3,117     C.300,170      D.30,170(   )23.OnMay________,________peopletraveledroundthecountry. A.thefirst,millions   B.thefirst,millionsof   C.first,themillionth   D.first,millions(  )24.________ofthemarediningatschool. A.Twelve     B.Twelfth     C.Thetwelve      D.the12th(   )25.It's7:17isread________. A.sevenandseventeen  B.sevenseven  C.sevenoneseven   D.sevenseventeen(   )26.Four________twoistwo. A.plus     B.minus      C.times      D.dividedby(   )27.Three________fiveiseight. A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(   )28.Three________sevenistwenty-one. A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(   )29.Forty-two________sevenissix. A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(    )30.Thereare________daysinayear. A.threehundredsixtyandfive          B.threehundredandsixty-five C.threehundredsandsixty-five         D.threehundredsixty-five(    )31.Thereare________studentsinthatschool. A.twothousandeight-six              B.twothousandeighty-six C.twothousandandeighty-six          D.twothousandsandeighty-six(    )32.Ittookme________togetthere. A.twohoursandahalf                B.twohoursandhalf C.twohourandahalf                 D.twohourandhalf(   )33.Septemberis_________monthoftheyear. A.thenineth     B.theninth     C.nineth      D.ninth(    )34.Pleasepassme_______bookontheleft. A.third     B.three      C.thethird       D.thethree(    )35.________isaverytallboy. A.Thetwelve    B.Thetwelveth     C.Thetwelfeth      D.Thetwelfth(    )36.Wehaveknowneachotherfor________. A.ayearandhalf   B.ayearwithhalf    C.ayearandahalf    D.ayearwithahalf(   )37.“Whatyearisit?”       “It's________.”\n A.nineteenhundredandninety-seven      B.nineteenandninety-seven C.nineteenninetyandseven             D.nineteenninety-seven(   )38.“What'sthedatetoday?”       “It's_________.” A.Tuesday      B.JuneFourth       C.Junethefour      D.Junethefourth(    )39.ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrive________. A.inquarterpastsix B.inaquarterpastsix  C.atquarterpastsix  D.ataquarterpastsix(    )40.Myfriendwasbornon_________. A.threeofJuly,1979                 B.thethirdofJuly,1979  C.1979,Julythethird                D.1979,thethirdofJuly(    )41.________islessthan________. A.One-third;two-thirds               B.One-third;two-third C.First-three;first-threes              D.One-third;one-three(     )42.Whichlessondidyoulearnyesterday?________. A.LessonSeven   B.Lessonseventh   C.The7Lesson  D.7Lesson(    )43.“What'sthedatetoday?”“It's_______.” A.thefourthofmay  B.thefourthMay  C.Mayfour   D.Maythefourth(    )44.334isread________. A.threehundredsandthirtyfour        B.threehundredsthirtyfour C.threehundredandthirtyfourth         D.threehundredandthirty-four(    )45.InFebruary,thereareonly_________days. A.twentynine    B.twenty-nineth    C.twenty-nine     D.twentyeight(   )46.TherewillbeacomedyonTVat________thisevening. A.sevenpastthirty   B.halfpastseven  C.seventhethirty   D.thirtytoseven(    )47.Ittookme________tofindoutthekeytothedrawer. A.oneandhalfhours B.oneandahalfhours C.oneandahalfhour D.oneandhalfhour(    )48.I'msotiredafter________walk. A.threehours     B.threehours'     C.threehour's     D.threehour(    )49.Thereare________starsinthesky. A.millionof    B.millionsof     C.themillion     D.amillionof(     )50.thestreetis________wide. A.twometers    B.twometer     C.thetwometer     D.atwometer