初中英语语法复习 33页

精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除初中英语语法知识点一、名词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.[C]A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.manyThereissome_______ontheplate.[B]A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：man—men;woman—women;child—childrenpoliceman—policemenEnglishman—EnglishmenFrenchman—Frenchmenfoot—feet;tooth—teethmouse(鼠)—miceB、规则变化1）s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾加seg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]eg.knives[naivz]4)“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]5)一般加s浊就浊[z]eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]但注意以下几点：①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes②单复同形:fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数mandoctor—mendoctors④reef—reefs⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.3、名词所有格：名词’s(意思是“……的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加“’”eg.1)theboys’books2)James’father3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg.thelegofthedesk4)双重所有格：afriendofmyfather’safriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)练习一、写出下列词的复数1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______4.baby______5.boy______6.my________7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____13.German__________14.Chinese_________二、选择正确的答案()1.—Arethose______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows()2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforangeC.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges()3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?A.averygoodB.anyC.apieceofD.twopieces()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.AllanC.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen()7.JackandTomare____.A.goodfriendsB.goodfriendC.agoodfriendD.goodafriend()8.It’sonlyaboutten____walktothenearestpostoffice.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除A.minutesB.minute’sC.minutes’D.minute()9.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()10.Mrs.Greenhastwo____.They’reverybright.A.childsB.childC.children’sD.children()11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______.A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths’holidayC.two-monthholidayD.twomonth’sholidays()12.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.A.worksB.jobC.workD.working()13.LiLeiisafriendof___.A.IsisterB.mysister’sC.mesisterD.mysisterof()14.Haveyouread____?A.today’sB.todaypaperC.thetoday’spaperD.today’spaper()15.Howmany___arethereintheroom?A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes()16.Many____havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.A.factorysB.factoriesC.factoryesD.factorys()17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable.A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss()18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices()19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes()20.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___.A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteacherD.woman’steacher()21.Thethree___willbeputintoprison.A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs’二、冠词1、不定冠词a,ana用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abookausefulbooka“u”[ju:sful][ju:]an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anappleanhouran“F”[au][ef]2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物Thebookonthedeskismine.2)世上独一无二的事物前thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky3)形、副最高级及序数词前Thethirdboyisthetallestofall.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the)HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.4)the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：①当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词.②表乐器演奏的名词前应加the）1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.2)playtheviolin/piano练习()1.Thereis____“s”in____word“bus”.A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan’tdropit,Ithink.A.anB.aC.theD./()3.____badweatheritis!A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What()4.—Whatcoloris___orange?--It’s_____orange.A.an;anB.an;theC.an;/D./;an()5.Mr.Liis____oldworker.A.anB.aC.someD./()6.Lookat____picture!There’s____houseinit.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a()7.Onemorninghefound____handbag.Therewas___“s”onthecornerof___handbag.A.a;an;theB.a;a;theC.a;a;aD.the;an;a()8.What___interestingstoryitis!A.aB.anC.theD./()9.Meimeiis___beststudentinherclass.A.aB.anC./D.the【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除()10.Tomis___kindboy.All___studentslovehim.A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the()11.Is___bookonthedeskmine?Yes.A.theB.aC.anD./()12.Evenwhilehewasin___hospital,hewentonwritingsongs.A.aB.anC.theD./()13.Don’tread_____.A.inbedB.inthebedC.onbedD.onthebed()14.Smithis____honestman.A.aB.theC.anD./()15.Chinahas___populationof1,200,000,000.A./B.anC.theD.a()16.What’s____for“椅.子”?A.EnglishB.anEnglishC.theEnglishD.anyEnglish()17.Maryis___clevererofthetwogirls.A.theB.aC.anD.much()18.____youngmustlookafter___old.A.The;aB.The;theC.A;aD.A;the()19.___earthisoneof____planets.A.The;sun’sB.The;thesunC.The;thesun’sD.The;thesuns’()20.Tokyois___.A.thecapitalofJapanB.capitalofJapanC.JapancapitalD.acapitalofJapan()21.Katesometimesplays___violin(小提琴)andsometimesplays___tabletennisbeforesupper.A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD./;/()22.–Haveyouseen___pencil?Ileftitherethismorning.--Isit___redone?Isawit.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a()23.Thereis_______orangetreebehind_____house.A.an;theB.a;aC.the;theD.an;/()24.—Howlongdidyoustaythere?--Abouthalf___hour.A./B.oneC.aD.an三、代词（一）指示代词：this,that,these,those.this,that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。thatapple(√)thatmeat(×)TheweatherinSichuanisnotsohotas______inGuangzhou.[that](二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格，作宾语为宾格;介+宾格）eg.1)Ithankyou2)Youthankme.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变(my—mine);二留(his—hisits—its)三加s(your—yours;our—ours;her—hers;their—theirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名eg.Thisis_____（我的）book.Thisbookis______（我的）.[my;mine]3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配：1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴；过得愉快2.hurtoneself伤着自己3.teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学4.(all)byoneself（完全）独立地5.helponeselfto请自便；随便吃…6.lookafteroneself自理；照顾自己7.leaveonebyoneself把…单独留下8.loseoneselfin陶醉于…；沉浸于…（三）不定代词1)some与any一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could,would开头）2)many+可数=alotof:许多much+不可数（但alotof不能用于否定句）3)few,afew;little,alittle①.Thestoryiseasytoread.Thereare____newwordsinit.[few]②.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft.[little]4)everyone/anyone不加ofnoone不加ofnoneof【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除()____ofuswantstoreadthebook.[B]A.EveryoneB.EveryoneC.NobodyD.Noone5）other,another,others单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersome…others特指one…theother一个…另一个theothers=theother+复名(另外的人或物)①.Westudy_____subjectsbesidesChinese.②.MayIhave___________apple?③.Thesecupsareclean.________aredirty.④.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.[other;another;others;theothers]另外注意：oneanother(三者以上的)相互eachother(两者的)相互Weshouldlearnfromeachother(说明we指两个人)Theyhelponeanother(说明they指三个人以上)6)二者与三者复数单数单数二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)注意：①.both否定neitherall否定none②.both,all不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither,none作主语为单数，但noneof+复名，neitherof+复名()1.____ofmyparentsisateacher.[B]A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.All()2.Therearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.[C]A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.alleveryone/anyoneof7)each:(二者以上的)每个——作主、宾、定）every:(三者以上的)每个——只作定语）①.____studentintheclasslikesEnglish.②.___ofthestudentsstudiedhard.[Every;Each]练习()1.____officeismuchsmallerthan____.A.Ours;yoursB.Our;yoursC.Theirs;our()2.“Help___tosomemeat.”myunclesaidtome.A.themselvesB.yourselfC.yourselves()3.Therearetwentyteachersinourschool.Eightofthemarementeachersand____arewomenteachers.A.othersB.theothersC.another()4.Thereisn’t____paperinthebox.Willyougoandget____forme?A.any;someB.any;anyC.some;any()5.Therearemanytreeson___sidesofthestreet.A.bothB.allC.each()6.___ofthemhasadictionaryand____oneofthemcanlookupwordsinit.A.Each;everyB.Every;eachC.Every;every()7.“Whenshallwemeet,thisafternoonortonight?”“Idon’tmind.____timeisOK.A.EitherB.EveryC.Neither()8.Wouldyoulike___cupoftea?A.otherB.theotherC.another()9.Thetwofriendsweresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgot_____.A.othereverythingB.anythingelseC.everythingelse.()10.____ofhisparentsisateacher.A.BothB.NeitherC.None()11.Theriverisverydirty.____peoplegotoswiminit.A.FewB.AfewC.Little()12.Afriendof____cametosee____yesterday.A.his;hisB.he;himC.his;him()13.Youcan’tleaveyourbabyby___athome.A.herselfB.himselfC.itself()14.Myfatherisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas___timetohavearest.A.littleB.alittleC.few()15.Ihavethreeskirts.Oneisred.___twoareblack.A.anotherB.theotherC.theothers()16.Jackhas___friendshere.Soheoftenfeelslonely.A.alittleB.afewC.few()17.Whoteaches___French?A.weB.ourC.us()18.Theboyswerealltired,but___ofthemstoppedtohavearest.A.anyB.someC.none()19.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow____aboutthenews.A.alittleB.littleC.few【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除()20.—Hello,Bill!Help____toacake.—Thanks.A.yourB.yourselfC.yourselves四、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法)365—threehundredandsixty-five505—fivehundredandfive2.基数词变序数词的方法：基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。八去t，九去e；ve则以f替。ty则变作ti;后面还有一个e。要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。eg.one—firsttwo—secondthree—thirdeight—eighthnine—ninthtwelve—twelfthtwenty—twentiethtwenty-one–-twenty-first3.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a.整点：基数词+o’clockeg.It’seighto’clocknow.b.几点几分：1．直接表达法：先小时后分eg.3:25threetwenty-five2.间接表达法：先分后小时1)(<30分钟)用past：分钟past小时eg.3:25twenty-five(minutes)pastthree2)(>30分钟)用to：(60-分钟数)to(小时数+1)eg.3:35twenty-five(minutes)tofour3)30分钟=half15分钟=aquartereg.3:30threethirty=halfpastthree3:15threefifteen=aquarterpastthree.3:45threeforty-five=aquartertofourB、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1日:October1st,nineteenforty-nine=thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine2000年:theyeartwothousand=twentyhundred2001年:twentyoone3月1日:Marchthefirst=thefirstofMarchC、表编号：第207房间：Room207第五课：Lesson5=thefifthlessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a;an)连用表“又一；再一”eg.You’vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryafourthtime?E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数）eg.onethird三分之一twothirds三分之二注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)Onethirdofthestudentsaregirls.2)Onethirdofthemilkismine.3.分数的特殊形式1)onethird=athird2)onefourth=aquarterthreefourths=threequarters3)onesecond=ahalfF、一些数词的复数+of表约数：hundredsof;thousandsof;millionsof练习()1.Ifyougooutatnight,you’llbeabletosee____starts.A.thousandsofB.thousandofC.ninethousandsofD.thousands()2.Mondayis___dayoftheweek.A.firstB.thefirstC.thesecondD.second()3.You’vedoneittwice.Whynottry____time?A.thirdB.thethirdC.athirdD.once()4.Whichisthe____month?It’sSeptember.A.nineB.ninethC.ninthD.ninety()5.Decemberis___oftheyear.A.thetwelfthmonthsB.thetwelfthmonthC.thetwelvethmonthsD.twelvemonths()6.Thereare___floorsinthebuildingandhelivesonthe____floor.A.eighteen,fifteenB.eighteenth,fifteenthC.eighteen,fiveteenD.eighteen,fifteenth()7.Iwasborn___,1982.A.onJune2rdB.inJune2ndC.onJunetwoD.onJune2()8.It’s____fromourhometothezoo.A.twoandahalfhours’walkB.ahalfandtwohourswalk【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除C.twohoursandahalfhour’swalkD.twoandahalfhour’swalk()9.Whattimeisitnow?It’s___tosix.A.quarterB.aquarterC.quartoC.aquarto()10.Willyoubebackin____?A.oneortwominutesB.oneminuteortwoC.twominutesoroneD.twooroneminute()11.Mary’sunclewenttoFrance____.A.inhisthirtiesB.onhisthirtiesC.athisthirtiesD.abouthisthirties()12.Theheadmasterwrotea___report.A.twothousandwordsB.two-thousand-wordsC.two-thousandwordsD.two-thousand-word()13.____oftheapplesinthefruitbowlaresoftandsweet.A.Two-thirdB.Second-thirdC.Two-thirdsD.Second-thirds()14.Wehavelearnedabout____thesedays.A.severalhundredsEnglishwordsB.hundredsofEnglishwordsC.hundredofEnglishwordsD.severalhundredEnglishword()15.AUNreportsaysthatthewordpopulationwillpasssixbillionbytheendof____century.A.twentiethB.twentyC.thetwentiethD.thetwentyth五、介词1.in;on;at用在时间词前，表“在”1)at+具体时刻2)on+具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）3)in+年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：atnight=inthenightatnoonatthis/thattimeatChristmaseg.1.___themorning2.___Mondaymorning3.___arainyevening4.___3:505.__20026.___themorningofApril107.___spring8.___night9.___thistime10.___March另外注意：在时间词（morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday…）前有last,next,this,that时，不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介词。eg.Iwillgo(A)tothecinema(B)in(C)thisevening.______________2.in,on,at表地点：at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：eg.1)Hearrived___Shanghaiyesterday.2)Theyarrived___asmallvillagebeforedark.3)Thereisabighole____thewall.4)Theteacherputupapicture____thewall.3.in,on,to表方位in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.1)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.2)HubeiisonthenorthofHunan.3)JapanistotheeastofChina.cross:动词“跨过，越过”=goacross4.across:（表面）跨过through:（内部）穿过，贯穿介词eg.1)Canyouswim_____theriver?2)Theroadruns__________theforest.3)_____thebridge,you’llfindacinema.5.in+时间段：与将来时连用after+时间段：与过去时连用但after+时间点：可与将来时连用。1)I’llleave_______threeo’clock..Thatis,I’llleave________abouttenminutes.2)Theyleft_______twoweeks.6.inthetree(外加在树上的事物)onthetree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)inthewall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)7.onthewall(墙表面的事物)1)Thereisamap___thewall2)Therearefourwindows___thewall.8.bybike/bus/car/ship(单数且无冠词)但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。eg.bybike=ona(the;his)bikebycar=ina(the;her)caron:在…（表面）上——接触9.over:在…的正上方above:在…的斜上方未接触1)Themoonrose______thehill.2)Thereisabridge_____theriver.3)Thereisabook______thedesk.10.between:在（两者）之间among:在（三者以上）之间1)AbigcrowdofpeoplewerewaitingforLiLidaonthebeach.________themwerehisparents.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除2)Tomsits________LucyandLily.11.on与about:关于on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及eg.Hegaveatalk____thehistoryoftheParty12.infrontof:在…前面/方（范围外）=beforein/atthefrontof:在……前部（范围内）1)Thereisabigtree_______oftheclassroom.2)Adriverdrives_________ofthebus.类似区别：atthebackof与behind13.with和in:表示“用“with:指“用工具、手、口等”in:指“用语言、话语、声音等”1)Pleasewritetheletter____apen.2)Pleasespeak____aloudvoice.14.onafarm;inafactory;thegirlinthehat;leavefor:动身前往某地15.一些固定搭配：（1）介词与动词的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookfor;waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。（2）介词与名词的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。六、连词:从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词（二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。2.表选择关系的or,either…or等。3.表转折关系的but,while（然而）等。4.表因果关系的for,so等。5.and:“和”在肯定句中表并列or:“和”在否定句中表并列另外：1)or“或者”用于选择疑问句2)or“否则”eg.①.Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaormilk?②.Hurryup,oryou’llbelateforschool.6.but“但是”表转折eg.Ilistened,butIheardnothing.注意：1)though(虽然),but(但是)不能连用2)not…but不是…而是eg.Thisbookisn’tminebutyours.both…and:既…又（连接主语为复数）neither…nor:既不…也不连接两主7.either…or:或者…或者语后者决notonly…butalso:不但…而且定单、复eg.1)BothheandIarestudents.2)NeitherhenorIamastudent.练习()1.___theafternoonofMay,wevisitedtheoldman.A.OnB.AtC.In()2.Manypeoplework___thedayandsleep___night.A.on;atB.in;inC.in;at()3.HespeaksJapanesebest____theboystudents.A.betweenB.withC.among()4.Awolf___asheepskinisourdangerousenemy.A.withB.inC.on()5.Joanhopestocomeback___threedays.A.afterB.forC.in()6.Theysentthelettertome___mistake.A.byB.forC.with()7.Helefthome___acoldwinterevening.A.atB.onC.in()8.Shanghaiis____theeastofChina.A.inB.onC.to()9.____myfather’shelp,Ihavefinishedmycomposition.A.UnderB.OnC.with()10.He’sverystrict____himselfandhe’sverystrict___hiswork.A.with;inB.in;withC.with;with()11.Ireallycan’tagree____you.A.toB.onC.with()12.Theshopwon’topen___nineinthemorning.A.untilB.atC.during()13.Howabout___theflowersnow?A.wateringB.arewateringC.watered()14.Shespentallhismoney___books.A.inB.withC.on()15.Theyaretalking___lowvoices.A.withB.inC.on()16.It’sverykind___youtohelpus.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除A.forB.toC.of()17.Whatwillyouhave___breakfastthismorning?A.withB.forC.by()18.Aplaneisflying____thecity.A.onB.overC.above()19.Youarefreetospeak___themeeting.A.atB.inC.on()20.Mr.GreenwillstayinChina___Friday.A.toB.onC.till()21.It’swrongtoplaytricks___otherpeople.A.onB.ofC.with()22.Whichcolordoyoulike?Ipreferblue___red.A.forB.asC.to()23.Thestudentwillgiveusatalk___howtouseoursparetime.A.forB.onC.in()24.Ipaidtwohundredyuan___thatkindofbicycle.A.inB.forC.on()25.Thedoctorisverykind___hispatientsA.toB.onC.at()26.Wecan’tlive___air.A.inB.withC.without()27.Thechildwasafraid___thestrangesound.A.atB.forC.of()28.Hewasveryangry___herforbeinglate.A.forB.withC.at()29.Whatdoyouthink___theplay?A.aboutB.likeC.of()30.Ithinkit’stherightwaytoworkouttheproblem,butIamnotsure_____it.A.doB.forC.of()31.Reading___thesunisn’tgood___youA.under;forB.in;forC.in;to()32.Iwon’taskaboutit,I’mgoingtoseeit____myowneyes.A.byB.forC.with()33.Wegotoschooleveryday____Sunday.A.exceptB.withoutC.on()34.Thereisasmallriver___thetwotownsA.inB.betweenC.among()35.LiLeisometimesfallsasleep___thelesson.A.forB.throughC.during()36.Mr.BlackwenttoParis___afewdays.A.forB.inC.after()37.Theywillleave________Londonnextmonth.A.toB.fromC.for()38.Areyougoingtothezoo___busor___mycar?A.on;byB.by;inC.on;in()39.Hewokeupseveraltimes___thenightA.inB.atC.on()40.Noonecanstopher___goingaway.A.ofB.fromC.outof()41.Whatdoyoumean___“baozhi”?A.onB.withC.by()42.You’llgetanicepresent____yourparents____yourbirthday.A.from;onB.for;atC.frm;in()43.Lightcomesin____thewindow.A.fromB.acrossC.through()44.Therearemanyapples___thetree.Abird___thetreeispickinganapple.A.in;onB.on;inC.in;at()45.“Whoareyougoingtoplay____?”“GradeTwo.”A.aboutB.byC.against()46.Don’tgo___thestreet.Thebusiscoming.A.crossB.acrossC.past()47.Helives___thetwentiethfloor___No.154ZhongshanStreet.A.on;atB.in;inC.on;in()48.Hefoundapieceofusefulinformation___theInternet.A.atB.onC.in()49.___mysurprise,helostthegame.A.WithB.ToC.On()50.Theblindmanknowsthemoney___touchingandfeelingit.A.withB.byC.through()51.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived_______5o’clock______themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;onD.in;on()52.Where’sLily?Weareallhere_______her.A.besideB.aboutC.exceptD.with()53.Shesentherfriendapostcard_______abirthdaypresent.A.onB.asC.forD.of()54.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000.A.sinceB.inC.onD.by【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除()55.---Whatisawritingbrush,doyouknow?---It’s_______writinganddrawing.A.withB.toC.forD.by()56.Englishiswidelyused______travellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.A.toB.forC.asD.by()57.______thehelpofmyteacher,Icaughtupwiththeotherstudents.A.UnderB.InC.WithD.On()58.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;toC.to;inD.in;in()59.---You’dbetternotgooutnow.It’sraining.---Itdoesn’tmatter.Mynewcoatcankeep______rain.A.inB.ofC.withD.off()60.Japanlies______theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.aboutD.at()61.---WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008?---Idon’tthinkso.Now______theyoung______theoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.A.either…orB.notonly…butalsoC.neither…norD.both…or()62.Wedidn’tcatchthetrain_______weleftlate.A.soB.becauseC.butD.though()63.Tomfailedintheexamagain_______hewantedtopassitverymuch.A.ifB.soC.thoughD.as()64.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until()65.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before()66.---Thisdresswaslastyear’sstyle.---Ithinkitstilllooksperfect______ithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince()67.Hurryup,_______youwillmissthetrain.A.andB.soC.howeverD.or()68.Themountainwas______steep_____fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.so…asB.so…thatC.as…asD.too…to()69.---DoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi’an?---Ofcourse.Iremembereverything______ithappenedyesterday.A.assoonasB.eventhoughC.ratherthanD.asif()70.______youcan’tanswerthisquestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.WhetherD.Since七、形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。句型：1)A+谓+as+原级+as+B2)A+谓(否定)+as/so+原级+as+BA与B在某方面不同注意：notas/so…as=lessthan不及；不如eg.1)Thisgirlisasbeautifulasthatone.2)Youdon’teatsomuchasI3)Thisbookisn’tasinterestingasthatone=Thisbookis________________thatone2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）1)Iamclevererthanyou我比你聪明。2)HerunsfasterthanJim他比Jim跑得快。3)IpickedmoreapplesthanJim.我比你摘的苹果多。4)Whichismoreinteresting,thisoneorthatone?哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in,of短语连用）(注意：of+个体名词单数in+集合名词)eg.1)ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.2)Herunsfastestinourclass.3)Heisthetallestofthethreeboys.4)Whichistheeasiest,Lesson1,Lesson2orLesson3?4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越……”eg.lazierandlazier越来越懒(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为moreandmore+形、副)eg.moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮2)“the比较级，the比较级”“越……，越……”eg.themore,thebetter多多益善【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除_________youare,_______youwillget.你越懒，收获越少。3)“the比较级of+二者”“二者中较……的一个”eg.1)Lucyistheyoungerofthetwins.2)Of(A)thetwobooks(B)thisone(C)isthicker(D)._________4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”eg.He’saheadtallerthanme.Mybrotheristwoyearsolderthanme5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+as…as”eg.1)Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchasthatone.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。2)HehasfourtimesasmanybooksasIhave他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别older/elder与farther/furtherolder（年龄较老的）elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg.My______brotheris______thanme.farther(指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)eg.1)Hewentabroadfor________studies.2)Fusunis_________fromourschoolthanZhaohua.形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用alittle;much/alot;even/still来加强语气，表示“……一点儿；……得多；更……”eg.1)alittlebigger大一点儿2)muchmore多得多3)evenheavier更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as;than后的词应与主语是同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that;those;one;oneseg.1)Theapples(A)inthisbasket(B)areredder(C)thaninthatbasket(D)._________2)Thisknife(A)isn’t(B)so(C)newasthat(D)._______________3)Ourclassroom(A)is(B)bigger(C)thanLily(D)._______________3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“anyother+单数名词”来进行比较。eg.1）Betty(是个体)isclevererthananystudentinherclass(是整体).(×)正：Bettyisclevererthananyotherstudentinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthananybodyelseinherclass.=Bettyisthecleverestinherclass.(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)2)ChinaisbiggerthananycountryinAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3)ChinaisbiggerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。eg.Maryisthetallestofallhersisters.(×)(allhersisters已排除了Mary)改：Maryisthetallestofallthesisters.5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second,third,…”（但“第一”不能用first）eg.TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.改错：________________附：形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则A、规则变化1.“辅+y”结尾，变y为i加er,est(但“形+ly”构成的副词除外)2.双写加er,est3.直接加er,est/r,st4.在多音词前加more,most(以“形+ly”构成的副词也在前加more,most)B、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest另外：1)以-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节词加er,est/r,st.narrow________________simple__________________able______________2)tired____________________pleased_______________________3)often_____________________________friendly___________________________【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the,副词的最高级前一般不加the(但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。eg.Lilyismythebestfriend.(改错)________5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语，只能表语：ill;alone;asleep;afraid;interested;excited;surprised).副词作状语，修饰动词。练习一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级thin________easy___________early____________new____________hot____________clever_____________little___________late___________narrow____________fat___________many___________big___________dangerous_____________________wonderful_____________________careful______________________slowly______________________popular______________________二、选择填空()1.Whichlanguageis____,English,FrenchorChinese?A.difficultB.thedifficultC.moredifficultD.themostdifficult()2.YangpuBridgeisoneof___intheworldA.biggerbridgeB.thebiggestbridgeC.thebiggestbridgesD.biggerbridges()3.TomistallerthanMike.Butheisnot____Mike.A.strongasB.sostrongasC.sostrongD.asstrong()4.MostofthepeopleinGuangdongaregetting______.A.moreandrichB.morerichandmorerichC.richerandricherD.richandrich()5.Thistextis____easierand____interes-tingthanthatone.A.more;muchB.much;moreC.more;moreD.much;much()6.Whichdoyoulike____,beef,porkorchicken?A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best()7.Putonmoreclothes.Itissnowing___outside.A.stronglyB.heavyC.heavily()8.Johndrivesas___asTom.A.carefullyB.goodC.niceD.fine()9.IsChinalargerthan____inAfrica.A.anycountryB.anyothercountryC.anycountriesD.allcountries()10.My___brotheris___thanI.A.elder,threeyearsolderB.older;olderC.older;threeyearselderD.elder;elder()11.LiMeiismorebeautifulthan___inherclass.A.anygirlB.anyothergirlC.allthegirlsD.anygirls()12.Thisproblemis___thanthatone.A.tentimeseasyB.tentimeseasierC.tentimesmoreeasyD.tentimeeasier()13.Thisfilmis___interestingthanthatone.A.moreB.muchC.veryD.themost()14.Thereis___intoday’snewspaper.A.interestingnothingB.nothinginterestingC.interestednothingD.nothinginterested()15.Theteacheraskedallthestudentsintheclasstokeeptheireyes____.A.closeB.tocloseC.closingD.closed()16.Thefatmanalwayssayshismeatlooks____andsells_____.A.good;goodB.well;wellC.good;wellD.well;good()17.Itseemsthatmenare____makingcomputersthanwomen.A.betteratB.goodatC.wellinD.weakin()18.Theword’spopulationisgrowingfasteveryminute,especiallyinsome___countriesA.westB.moredevelopedC.eastD.lessdeveloped()19.Thisbridgeisnot___longandwide____theoneinmyhometown.A.so;asB.very;thanC.too;asD.very;as()20.Ithinkthesonginthefilm“Titanic”is___oneofallthemoviesongs.A.themostbeautifulB.mostbeautifulC.muchmorebeautifulD.abeautiful()21.LinTaoisas___asZhangHua.A.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.thestrongest()22.Sarais___tired___moveafterthehardwork.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除A.very;toB.quite;toC.too;toD.so;that()23.Jackdidn’trun___tocatchthebus.A.enoughfastB.quicklyenoughC.enoughslowD.slowlyenough()24.Thedriverisvery___.Heoftendriveshiscar_____.A.careful;carefulB.carefully;carefullyC.carefully;carefulD.careful;carefully()25.Look!Allthechildrenareworking___onthefarm.A.carefulB.hardC.busyD.happy()26.ThepopulationofShanghaiis___thanthatofXi’an.A.smallerB.fewerC.muchD.larger八、动词Ⅰ、动词的四种形式A、动三单的变法1)“辅+y”结尾,变y为i加es2)“以s;sh;ch;x;o结尾,加es3)直接加s但have----hasB、现在分词的变法1)去e加ing(e不发音)2)双写加ing(“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)3)直接加ing写出下列动词的现在分词1.see_______2.come________3.stop_______4.open_______5.listen_______6.drop______7.prefer________8.fix_______9.relax______10.die_______11.tie_______12.lie_______C、动词的过去式和过去分词（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）（二）规则变化1)“辅+y”结尾，变y为i加ed2)双写加ed3)直接加ed写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词1.drop_____________2.stop____________3.prefer_________________4.study____________5.try__________6.fix___________7.relax____________Ⅱ、情态动词（can/could;may/might;must;should）+动原1.must(必须)——needn’t(不必)may(可以)——mustn’t(不许；不准；不可以)2.注意几个题：1)—MayIgowithyou?—No,you_________.2)—MustIturnoffthelightnow?—Yes,you______/No,you_________Ⅲ、动词不定式与动名词A、动词不定式作宾补1)tell/ask/wantsbtodo______________否定式：tell/ask/wantsbnottodo______________________________2)省to不定式作宾补即：(l,m,n,3h,2看,1f)sbdol—let;m—make;n—notice;3h—hear,have,help;2看—see,watch;1f—feel但注意：1)helpsb(to)do(to可省、可不省)2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原eg.Someoneheardhimsingintheroom.Hewasheardtosingintheroom.B、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hope;learn;want=wouldlike;decide)todo2.(enjoy;finish;keep;mind;practise)doing8.介词+doingeg.1)What/Howaboutdoing2)begoodatdoingⅣ、宾语从句与状语从句中的时态1.状语从句中的时态：主句时间、条件句1）一般将来时2）祈使句3）情态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时eg.1)I’llcallyouassoonashe______(come)back.2)Hewon’tgotobeduntilhe_________(finish)hishomework.3)I’llhelpyouifI_____(be)freetomorrow2.宾语从句中的时态：主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。eg.1)Hesaidhisfather_________(come)backintwo【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除days.2)Theteachersaidlight________(travel)fasterthansound.Ⅴ、主谓一致1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为三单eg.Twomonthsisquitealongtime.2.people;police形单实为复，作主为复eg.Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.3.maths,news,physics形复实为单，作主为单4.family;class看作整体时作主语为单数；看作整体中的各成员时则为复数。eg.1)Myfamilyisabigone.2)MyfamilyarewatchingTV.5.由with,except,aswellas连接的两名词作主语，谓语由前者决定eg.TheteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.6.由neither…nor;either…or;notonly…boutalso连接的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定eg.NeitherhenorIamateacher.7.不定代词（something;anything;nothing;someone;anyone;everyone…）作主语为三单Nobodyknowsitexceptme.8.Oneof+复名…作主语为单数eg.Oneofmyfriendsisacomputerengineer.9.“the+姓的复数”作主语为复数eg.TheLiusarewatchingTVnow.10.sheep;deer;fish单复同形，注意区别作主语是单还是复eg.1)Therearemanysheeponthehill.2)Milk____white,andsheep______white,too.(be填空)11.therebe结构中，如果有两个以上的名词作主语，则be应与最接近的那个名词一致。（即：靠近原则）eg.1)There____aboxandsomepensonthedesk.2)There____somepensandaboxonthedesk.12.either,neither,each作主语为三单eg.Neitherofthetwins______(like)drawing.13.由两部分构成的事物名词（trousers,glasses,chopsticks）作主语为复数，但当前面有pair短语修饰时，则谓语由pair的单复数来决定谓语。eg.1)Where____(be)myglasses?2)Thatpairoftrousers____(be)Mr.Green’sⅥ、“短命”动词与“长命”动词之间的转化buy—have;borrow—keep;die—bedead;leave—beaway(from);comeback—beback;fallasleep—beasleep;open—beopen;catchacold—haveacold;go/getout—beout;arrive(reach/getto/cometo)+地点—bein+地点；join—bein+集体（或be+成员）；turnon—beon;turnoff—beoff;getaletterfrom—havealetterfrom.end/finish—beover;getup—beup;1)Hehas(A)bought(B)thefridge(C)for(D)twoyears._________2)Howlong(A)may(B)Iborrow(C)the(D)book?_________3)Thefilm(A)hasbegun(B)forfiveminutes(C)._________4)Tomhasgot(A)theletter(B)from(C)Jimfortwodays(D).__________5)Ihave(A)caught(B)acoldsincetwoyearsago(C).____________6)Hehas(A)cometo(B)Beijingfortenyears(C)___________7)Mybrother(A)hasjoined(B)thearmy(C)for(D)fiveyears.___________练习一、写出下列各时态的构成，然后找出各时态所对应的时间状语，只写代号1、一般现在时：___________________时间状语_______________________2、一般过去时_________________时间状语_______________________3、一般将来时:_______________________________时间状语_____________________4、现在进行时_____________________时间状语_______________________5、现在完成时____________________时间状语_______________________6、过去进行时_____________________时间状语_______________________提供的时间状语如下：A.sinceshecameinB.intwodaysC.whenshecameinD.nextweekE.oftenF.fivedaysagoG.sometimes【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除H.lastyearI.look之后的句子J.justK.at4:30yesterdayL.sofarM.fortenyearsN.sincetwoyearsago二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mother________(watch)TVeveryevening.2.We________(talk)whentheteachercamein.3.He________(go)toBeijingtwodaysago.4.He________(leave)Chengduintwodays.5.Look!Theboy________(play)footballontheplayground.6.Myuncle______(live)herefortenyears.7.Heoftenhelpstheoldwoman_______(carry)water.8.Wouldyouliketomakeacontributionto________(improve)ourlivingconditions?9.Don’tforget________(turn)offthelightsbeforeyougoout.10.Pleaseletthegirls_____(go)first.11.Theyhadgreatfun________(play)footballthisafternoon.12.Doyouenjoy________(watch)TV?13.Wouldyoulike______(have)acupoftea?14.Youcan______(go)theretomorrow.15.Wouldyoumindmy_____(open)thedoor?16.Pleaseaskhim_______(speak)moreloudly17.I’llgofishingifit____(be)finetomorrow.18.Hesaidhisgrandpa________(be)deadfortenyears.19.Tellthechildren__________(notplay)inthestreet.20.MrZhuspentmuchtime_________(help)mewithmyEnglish.21.I’lltellyouassoonashe____(come)back.22.Eachofus_____(want)togotocollege.23.Thankyoufor______(help)me.24.Theteachertoldustheearth____(go)roundthesun.25.Myfatherisgoodat_____(fish).26.You’dbetter______(nottalk)inclass.27.Theteacherstopped_______(talk)touswhenwewentintotheoffice.28.Isawher_______(cook)whenIgothome.29.Look!Awomanwithtwochildren_____(be)comingtowardsus.30.Hisfamily___notbig,butthefamily____(be)interestedinmusic.31.Twomonths_____(be)quitealongtime.32.HeaskedifTom______(come)intwodays33.Oneofourteachers_____(be)aforeigner.34.TheGreens______(have)beentotheGreatWalltwice.35.Heispracticing_______(speak)EnglishwithMr.Green.36.Thispairofglasses___mine.Theglassesonthetable____his(be).37.There____anapple,apearandsomebananasonthetable.(be)38.______(read)inbed___(be)badyoureyes.39.Hello,Jim!I________(notknow)youweinChengdu.I______(tell)youwerestillinLondon.40.It_______(say)thatanotherbridge_______(build)overtherivernextyear.41.Helefttheroomwithout_______(say)goodbye.42.Manytrees________(plant)inourschoolyardtheseyears.43.Thepolice_____(be)tryingtocatchthethief.44.Thefamily_____(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.三、选择填空()1.—MustIturnoffthelightnow?---No,you_______A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’t()2.Ourteachertoldusthesun____intheeast.A.roseB.risesC.isrising()3.He___backinamonth.A.willcomeB.comeC.came()4.I___himbefore.A.metB.hadmetC.havemet()5.Theteacher____toJapanthisyear.She’snowtellingherpupilsaboutit.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgone()6.It____hardwhenIgothomeyesterday.A.rainedB.israiningC.wasraining()7.Whynot____again?A.totryB.tryC.trying()8.Hehasfinished____theletter.A.writingB.towriteC.wrote()9.It_____everynight.A.happensB.ishappenedC.happened()10.Thepolicemantoldthechildren____inthestreet.A.notplayB.nottoplayC.don’tplay()11.Theboxistooheavyforme____.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除A.tocarryitB.tocarryC.carryingit()12.Stop____andlistentotheteacher.A.toreadB.readC.reading()13.Heisstilllookingforahouse____.A.toliveB.toliveinC.toliveinit()14.Iheardher___whenIpassedherroomjustnow.A.singB.singingC.tosing()15.—MayIgowithyou?---No,you______.A.maynotB.cannotC.mustn’t()16.Therearesome____intheriver.A.airB.fishC.water.()17.Sheep__whiteandmilk___white,too.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;is()18.Theclass___goingtoseeafilmthisafternoon.A.amB.isC.are()19.Jim’sshoes____underthebed.A.areB.isC.was()20.Threeyears____quitealongtime.A.isB.areC.were()21.Theclothesaremine.Yours____underthebed.A.isB.areC.were()22.There___alotofnewsintoday’snewspaper.A.isB.areC.were()23.--CanyouanswerthisquestioninEnglish?No,I_____.A.needn't B.mustn't C.maynot D.can't()24.Theteacherwantedus_____Exercise1,butyouletme______Exercise2.A.todo,do B.todo,todo C.do,todo D.do,do ()25.MissGreensawawallet______onthegroundwhenshewalkedpasttheschoolgate.A.lie B.lying C.lies D.tolie ()26.Whathaveyoudone_____themilk?I'vejust_____it.A.with,eaten B.for,eaten C.with,drunk D.for,drunk  ()27.Theradio_______itwillgetwarmerlater.A.says B.speaks C.talks D.tells()28.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot_____arest?A.stophaving B.stoptohave C.tostophaving D.tostoptohave()29.LiPingisyoung,buthe_____manyplacesofinterestinSouthChina.A.wentto B.hasbeenin C.hasgoneto D.hasbeento()30.Mothertoldme_____inthesun.A.notread B.don'tread C.readnot D.nottoread  ()31.Doyouoftenseeher______volleyballontheplayground?A.play B.played C.plays D.toplay     ()32.Alicedidn'thearwhattheteachersaidjustnow,soshedoesn'tknowhow_______theproblem.A.do B.did C.todo D.doing  ()33.Whenthelittleboy____someonecomingupstairs,hestopped_____.A.heard…crying B.listened…tocry C.heard…tocry D.listened…cry()34.I______myrulerathome.CanIuseyours,please?A.forgot B.haveforgotten C.left D.haveleft ()34.Jim_____thegoodnewstohisclassmatesthismorning.A.spoke  B.told  C.said  D.talked九、被动语态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。eg.Weuseaknifeforcutting(主动句).Aknifeisusedforcutting(被动句)。一、构成：be+过去分词eg.1)Theworkisfinishedbyhim.2)ChineseisspokenbypeopleinChina.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词eg.EnglishisspokenbyEnglishmen.2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词eg.ThemachinesweremadeinChina.3.一般将来时:will/shall/begoingtobe+过去分词eg.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词eg.Theworkhasbeendonebythem.5.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词。eg.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourvillage.6.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词eg.MyTVsetwasbeingmendedatthattime.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词eg.Hemaybesentawayfromschool.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg.Mybikeneedstobemended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by+动作的执行者(宾格)”eg.HewascalledMikebyus4.不及物动词无被动语态（takeplace/happen;last;rise;sink;fall等）eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago(改错)_________5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。eg.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hours.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v+prep/adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby.→Thebabymustbetakencareof.练习()1.Thisfactoryhasbeen____fortwoyearsA.openB.toopenC.openingD.opened()2.Thelightintheroom___beforeyouleave.A.mustturnoffB.willturnoffC.areturnedoffD.mustbeturnedoff()3.Theyoungtrees____plantedinspring.A.mustB.haveC.mustbeD.mustare()4.Chinese____byMissWangthreeyearsago.A.wastaughtB.istaughtC.wasteachedD.wereteach()5.Youngtrees___quiteoften.A.shouldwaterB.shouldbewaterC.shouldbewateredD.shouldhavewatered()6.English___bymanypeopleintheworldA.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.isspoken()7.Theoldpeople___wellinourcountry.A.islookedafterB.arelookedafterC.looksafterD.lookfor()8.Aliceisill.She____tohospitalatonce.A.issentB.mustbesentC.cansendD.mustsend()9.Thefactory____in1958.A.wasbuiltB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.built()10.Ourteachertoldusthattheclassroom_____everyday.A.shouldbecleanedB.shouldcleanedC.shallbecleanedD.mustcleaned()11.Football____allovertheworld.A.playsB.isplayingC.hasplayedD.isplayed()12.____silk____inSuzhou?A.Is,producedB.Are,producedC.Does,produceD.Was,produce()13.Muchmoney____spentonbookseveryyear.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is()14.Thestudentswasmade______thequestionsbytheteacher.A.answerB.toanswerC.answeringD.answered()15.Thesun____whenwegotthere.A.wasrisenB.hasbeenrisenC.hadrisenD.isrising()16.ThePeople’sLiberationArmywas____August1,1927.A.foundinB.foundonC.foundedonD.foundedin()17.Theorangesshouldbewell___duringthewinter.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep()18.Manyofthesheep___bythewolf狼).A.waskilledB.arekilledC.arekillingD.werekilled()19.Taperecorders____inourEnglishclassA.shoulduseB.usedC.canbeusedD.areusing()20.____English____inCanada?A.Do,spokenB.Is,spokenC.Are,spokenD.Does,speak()21.He____nottoleavewasterpapereverywhere.A.tellsB.toldC.wastoldD.hastold()22.Who____“TheFamily”,“Spring”and“Autumn”______?A.was,writtenB.were,writtenC.were,writtenbyD.are.Writtenby【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除()23.Lookatthebuilding!It____now.A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuildingD.hasbuilt()24.Halfofthework____beforesix.A.canbedoneB.willdoC.weredone()25.We____stampsforsendingletters.A.areusedB.useC.used()26.TheGreatGreenWall(绿色长城)___inNorthChina.A.arebuiltB.canbebuildC.wasbuilt()27.___thefarm____bythestudents?A.was,visitedB.Is,visitC.Must,visit()28.Thewoman____bypeopleinthewaitingroom.A.waslaughedB.waslaughedatC.laughedat()29.What____there?A.happenedB.ishappenedC.mustbehappened()30.Hewasmade______fortwelvehours.A.toworkB.workC.worked十、状语从句（一）时间状语从句：由when,while,before,after,since,assoonas,till/until引导的从句1）when与whileeg.1)I’lltellherthegoodnews_____hecomesback.2)AuntWangcameinwhilewewerewatchingTV3)since:自从……以来(since从句常用一般过去时)注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时eg.1)HehaslivedtheresincehecametoChina2)Itistwoyearssincehermotherdied.（二）条件状语从句：由if(如果)引导的从句eg.Iwillgototheparkifit________(notrain)tomorrow.注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换1）祈使句，and(then,or)+简单句=Ifyou…,you…eg.1)Useyourhead,thenyou’llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway2)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurry,you’llbelate.2)without与条件句的转化eg.Mancan’tlivewithoutwater.=Mancan’tliveifthereisnowater.注意以上两种状语从句的时态主句时间、条件句1）一般将来时2）祈使句3）情态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。eg.1)I’llcallyouassoonashe______(come)back.2)Hewon’tgotobeduntilhe_________(finish)hishomework.3)I’llhelpyouifI_____(be)freetomorrow4)I___________(live)heresinceIcametoChina.（三）原因状语从句：由because,since,for,as引导的从句eg.Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why2)因为(because),所以(so)不能连用eg.Becausehewas(A)ill,so(B)hedidn’t(C)gotoschool(D)yesterday.________（四）结果状语从句：由so…that引导的从句（so后接形、副原级）eg.Heran(A)sofaster(B)thatIcouldn’tcatchupwith(C)him.________注意：1)“so…that+否定句”与“too…to”的替换eg.1)Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool(主、从句主语相同)2)Heransofastthatwecouldn’tcatchupwithhim.=Herantoofastforustocatchupwith.(主、从句主语不同)3)TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit=Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)2）“so…that+从句”与“enoughto”的替换eg.1)He’ssostrongthathecancarrythebox.=He’sstrongenoughtocarrythebox.2)ThequestionissoeasythatIcananswerit=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetoanswer练习()1.Weboughtgrannyapresent,___shedidn’tlikeit.A.butB.andC.when()2.Bequick,___you’llbelateforthefootballmatch.A.soB.andC.or【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除()3.You’vedonebadly,___Icanseeyoudidyourbest.A.orB.butC.so()4.Thatwasourfirstlesson,___shedidn’tknowallournames.A.forB.butC.so()5.Theydidn’tpasstheballoftenenough,___theydidn’tplaytogetherverywell.A.andB.yetC.when()6.Itwasrainingatthattime,___theycouldn’tgooutforwalk.A.becauseB.orC.so()7.Marycouldn’tgotoschool,___shewasveryill.A.forB.beforeC.though()8.Gostraightalongtheroad,___you’llfindthehospitalattheendofit.A.sinceB.andC.when()9.Takethismedicine,___youwillyetwellsoon.A.andB.butC.so()10.EithersheorI___himattheairport.A.istomeetB.amtomeetC.aretomeet()11.Thetrainhasn’tarrived____.A.tooB.alsoC.yet()12.Youwon’tgothere,___willI.A.SoB.NeitherC.Also()13.Youcantake___thisbook___thatbook,butyoucan’ttake___ofthem.A.either,or;allB.either,or;bothC.notonly,butalso;both()14.Thestudentshadnowater___foodthenA.orB.andC.also()15.Theywere___weak___carrytheheavybox.A.neither,norB.both,andC.too,to()16.Thebooksaren’tyours___ours.A.norB.andC.but()17.Tomsaveshismoney,___Johnspendsallhegets.A.whileB.orC.so()18.Excuseme,___canyoutellmehowtogettothepark?A.andB.pleaseC.but()19.Heneedstohavearest,___hehasworkedforalongtime.A.andB.butC.for()20.Thepolicemanwas___busy___holidayswithhisfamily.A.very,tospendB.too,tospendC.so,that()21.NeitherJacknorI___tothepark.A.isgoingB.aregoingC.amgoing()22.Hisgrandfatherhasneverbeentoschoolsohecould___read___write.A.neither,norB.either,orC.both,and()23.Johm___untilMike___sorrytohim.A.lethimin,saidB.didn’tlethimin,saidC.didn’tlethimin,says()24.I’msureLiPingis___intheclassroom___inthelibrary.A.either,orB.both,andC.neither,or()25.Don’topenthedoor___thebus___.A.until,stopsB.and,stopsC.until,stop()26.Bothhisfatherandhismother___toBeijing.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hasgone()27.We’llhaveasportsmeetingifit____raintomorrow.A.won’tB.isn’tC.don’tD.doesn’t()28.I’llletyouknowassoonashe____.A.comesbackB.willcomebackC.iscomingbackD.comeback()29.I’m___busygettingreadyforChristmas____Ihavenotimetowritetoyou.A.not,untilB.too,toC.so,thatD.neither,nor()30.ThisTVsetistoodear,____itgivesyouabetterpicture.A.orB.ifC.thoughD.and()31.CouldyouaskTomtoringmeupifyou____himtomorrow.A.metB.meetC.willmeetD.havemet()32.Whileshe___TVinthesittingroom,thebell____.A.watches,ringsB.iswatching,rangC.waswatchingD.watched,wasringing()33.Marywillgo____aftershe____herhomework.A.shops,finishB.shopping,finishesC.toshop,finishingD.shopping,finish()34.Heislisteningtothemusic____heiswashingclothes.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.while()35.TellMr.WangtogotoMr.Li’soffice,when【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除you____him.A.sawB.willseeC.areseeingD.see()36.They____untilthemeetingwasover.A.leftB.notleaveC.don’tleaveD.didn’tleave()37.Thechildrensatatthetableuntiltheguests____.A.leaveB.areleavingC.leftD.hadleft()38.Thefilm____forhalfanhourwhenIgottothecinema.A.hasbegunB.hadbeenonC.begunD.begins()39.She____untillateintothenight.A.waitedB.cameC.wentD.started()40.Hebegantodohishomework_____heturnedonthelight.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after()41.Hedidn’tgotoswimyesterday___hewasill.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.andbecause()42.LiPinggivesmemorehelpthanWangLin____.A.isB.hasC.doesD.gives()43.Pleasekeeptheboxforme____Icomebacktonight.A.whenB.asC.toD.until()44.Iboughtanumbrella____theweatherwasfine.A.ifB.althoughC.becauseD.as()45.Wegottothecinema___late___therewerenoseatsleft.A.too,toB.much,toC.very,thatD.so,that()46.It___fiveyears___Ileftthearmy.A.is,sinceB.was,sinceC.hasbeen,whenD.is,when()47.Thoughitwasraininghard,___wasstillwaitingforhersonintherain.A.butsheB.andsheC.sheD.soshe()48.Ihaveknownhim___Iwasachild.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.before()49.Jimhadfinishedhishomework____hismothercameback.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.then十一、宾语从句：充当宾语的句子对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1.引导词2.语序3.时态1.引导词1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)eg.Hesays(that)theboyisalilltleweakinChinese.2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从eg.①.Doyouknowwhowillgiveusatalk?②.Idon’tknowwhosebookthatis.③.Couldyoupleasetellwhichgatewehavetogoto?④.Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback.注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词+todo”eg.①.Ihaven’tdecidedwhereIwillgo=Ihaven’tdecidedwheretogo②.HeaskedmewhatIbought=Heaskedmewhattobuy.类似短语：howtodo_____whattosay_____whattodo_____wheretogo____3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从eg.①.“Doyoulikethisbook?”sheaskedme.=Sheaskedme___Ilikedthisbook.②.“HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWall?”Couldyoutellme?=Couldyoutellme_____youhavevisitedtheGreatWall?注意以下几点：ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果”eg.Idon’tknowifhe______(come)ifit______(rain)tomorrow.ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况1)后接不定式eg.Ican’tdecidewhethertogotoBeijing.2)与or/ornot连用eg.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillgototheparkornot.3)在句首时eg.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”eg.Whetheritrainsornot,wearegoingtotheparktomorrow.2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序eg.1)Idon’t(A)knowwhether(B)willhe(C)come(D)tomorrow._____________2)Heasks(A)mewhen(B)willyou(C)comeback(D)._____________3)Couldyoutell(A)howmanyplayers(B)are【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除there(C)in(D)afootballteam?________3.时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.练习()1.Alicewantedtoknow____hergrandmalikedthedog.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what()2.Canyoutellus____?A.wherehaveyougoneB.wherehaveyougoneC.whereyouhavebeenD.wherehaveyoubeen()3.Doyoustillremember____?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay()4.Theweatherherechangesveryoftenandwecan’ttell____itwillbeliketomorrow.A.thatB.howC.whatD.whether()5.—Whatdidthescientistsay?---Hesaidhewonderedif____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly()6.Doyouknow___fromWuhantoXi’an?A.howfaritisB.howfarisitC.howlongitisD.howlongisit()7.Couldyoutellme____?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()8.—Isthelaketherebeautiful?-–Thisphotowillshowyou____.A.howdoesitlooklikeB.whatdoesitlooklikeC.howitlookslikeD.whatitlookslike()9.Idon’tknow____boughtthepresentforme.IsitJack?A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what()10.Couldyoushowus____abike?A.howtomendB.whattobuyC.wheretogoD.howmanytobuy()11.Idon’tknow____Janewaslateforschoolthismorning.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.why()12.—Doyouremember____hecame?--Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.thatB.ifC.howD.when()13.Mikesaidhe___acoldforafewdays.A.hascaughtB.hadcaughtC.hashadD.hadhad()14.Idon’tknowifhe____here.Ifhe____,I’lltellyou.A.willcome,comesB.comes,willcomeC.comes,comesD.willcome,willcome()15.Couldyoutellme____best?A.whichoneyoulikeB.whichonedoyoulikeC.doyoulikewhichoneD.youlikewhichone()16.Theteachertoldthechildrenthattheearth____aroundthesun.A.movesB.movedC.hadmovedD.wasmoving()17.Nobodyknowswhichfactory_____.A.doesheworkB.heworksC.doesheworkinD.heworksin()18.Hesaidthatnooneknew___withhim.A.whatisthematterB.whatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatthematterwas()19.I’minterestedin_____ornotheiscoming.A.whetherB.ifC.whenD.why()20.I’msorrythatI____youwerehere.A.didn’tknowB.don’tknowC.won’tknowD.can’tknow十二、定语从句：【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）,whom（作宾语）,whose（作定语）,which（作主语、宾语）,that（作主语、宾语）.2.关系副词when,where,why.注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg.Thetrees(that)wehaveplantedgrowwell.2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that,who,whom,whose;先行词是物时用that,which;先行词是时间、地点时用when,where.eg.1)Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.2)Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？3)Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？但注意区别who/that(指人)；which/that(指物)1.修饰人只用who的情况：a.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。b.therebe句型中修饰名词时。c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。eg.1)Anyonewhohasn’thandedinhishome-workshouldstayafterschool.没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。2)Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校门口有位想见你的女孩。3)Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：a.先行词为指物的不定代词all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,nothingb.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last,only,very,all,no时c.先行词既有人，又有物时d.主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。eg.1)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有让我做的事吗？2)Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。3)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。4)WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？3.修饰物只用which的情况：a.先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时b.先行词为that时eg.1)ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。2)What’sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱着的那个是什么？*三、定语从句可简化为短语1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。eg.1)IboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.=Thebookonthetableismine.4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.=Wehavenothingtofear.练习一、用适当的关系代词填空1.Isittheveryhouse________youlivedintenyearsago?2.Thewoman_____sitsnexttothedoorismymother.3.I’llneverforgettheyear_____IjoinedtheLeague.4.Itisthehouse_____Iwasborn.5.Thehouse______roofisbrokenhasbeenrepaired.二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。1.ThemanthatistalkingwithMaryismybrother.________________________________________________________.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除2.Thisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker______________________________________3.ThestudentwhoisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.________________________________________________.4.Shehasalotofworkthatshemustdo._____________________________________三、选择填空()1.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()2.Thisisthebestfilm____hasbeenshownthisyear.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when()3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere()4.Mr.Litoldusthestonesandwriters____interestedhimA.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()5.Myfatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy.A.whenB.whichC.towhichD.fromwhich()6.I’llneverforgetthesummerholidays____wespenttogether.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how()7—Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?—Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()8.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()9.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()10.—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?—Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()11.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where()12.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()13.Thisistheplace    _____Ihaveevervisited. A.there      B.when     C.where     D.which()14.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when()15.Themoonisaworld___thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why()16.Hehasforgottentheday___hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()17.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich()18.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which()19.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()20.Thisisthehouse______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where()21.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()22.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when十三、反意疑问句由“陈述句+附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点：1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be/助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。eg.1)Tomisawork,isn’tTom?(找错)_______2)Youcanswim,cannotyou?(找错)______3)Hehadlunch,doesn’the?(找错)________特别注意以下几种反意疑问句1.陈述部分含否定意味的词(few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none)，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy,unlike,disappear等列外）【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除eg.Theyareunhappy,aren’tthey?2.陈述部分的主语是everything,something,nothing,anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody,somebody,nobody,everyone,noone时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。eg.1)Everythingisready,___________?2)Everyoneishere,____________?3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：willyou?但注意：Let’s…,shallwe?Letus…,willyou?4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用needn’t.eg.Imustfinishmyworknow,_________?5.陈述部分是therebe结构时，应用therebe结构来完成。eg.There’slittlewater,___________*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think,believe且主语是I,we时，即：I/Wethink(believe)+宾从，则附加问句应与从句一致。I’msure+宾从也是如此eg.1)ShesaidIdidit,____________?2)Wedon’tthinkyouareright,________?3)I’msureyou’llhelpme,____________?*7.I’m…,aren’tI?eg.Iamolderthanyou,__________?8.陈述部分含hadbetter,疑问部分应用hadbetter来回答。eg.You’dbettergoout,___________?9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。eg.1)Whatakindgirl,__________?2)Whatafineday,___________?练习()1.Youhadtoworkfor10hoursyesterday,_____?A.didn’tyouB.didnotyouC.hadnotyouD.didyou()2.Don’teattoomuch,____?A.willyouB.don’tyouC.doyouD.canyou()3.LilylookslikeLucy,____?A.isLilyB.isn’tsheC.doesLilyD.doesn’tshe()4.—Youdidn’tchangeyourmind,didyou---______.A.No,Ididn’tB.Yes,didIC.No,IdidD.Yes,Ididn’t()5.Thewomanhardlyletherdaughtergotoschool,____she?A.doesB.doesn’tC.didD.didn’t()6.Besuretocometotheparents’meetingontime,____?A.willyouB.aren’tyouC.can’tyouD.mustn’tyou()7.Let’shaveagoodrest,____?A.willweB.doweC.shalln’tweD.shallwe()8.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,___?A.doesheB.hasheC.hasn’theD.doesn’t()9.Tomhassupperatschool,___?A.hasn’theB.hasheC.doesn’theD.doeshe()10.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___?A.isn’tthereB.isn’titC.isitD.isthere十四、简单句的五种句型I、句型结构1.主语+不及物动词（主、谓结构）eg.Heisworking.2.主语+及物动词+宾语（主、谓、宾结构）eg.WestudyEnglisheveryday.3.主语+连系动词+表语（主、系、表结构）eg.Treesturngreen.常见的连系动词有：be;become;get;turn;feel;look(看起来)；smell(闻起来);sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).特别注意：形容词常作表语4.主语+及物动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）=主语+及物动词+直宾（物）+to/for+间宾（人）常用的此类动词有：give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy与for连用eg.1)Igavehimabook.=Igaveabooktohim.2)Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.=Mymotherboughtapenforme.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing形式。eg.1)WecallhimJim.2)Wemustkeepthewindowopen.3)Hetoldmetowashtheplates.4)Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.特别注意：1)动词不定式作宾补A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth.其否定式为：ask/want/tellsbnottodosth2)省to不定式作宾补，即：(l,m,n;3h;2看;1f)sbdosthl—let,m—make,n—notice;3h—hear,have,help;2看—see,watch;1f—feel.eg.1)Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday.2)Ioftenhearhimsing.2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.hear/seesbdo:听见/看见某人做了某事hear/seesbdoing:听见/看见某人在做某事Ⅱ、知识要点1.问职业：Whatbe+主语？=Whatdoes/do+主语+do?eg.Heisateacher.（提问）___________he_____?2.It’snicetalkingtoyou.与你谈话真高兴。△3.表方式的短语1)onfoot2)by+交通名词单数（无冠词）=in/ona(the;物主代词；名词所有格)eg.1)bybike=onabikebycar=inacar2)Hegoestoworkbyabikeeveryday.(改错)_____________must:个人主观上认为“必须”（无时态变化）4.haveto:有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不”（存在各种时态）eg.1)I_________stoponthewaybecauseoftherain.2)I______stopbecauseI’malittletired.△5.提建议Shallwe…?答肯定：Goodidea/OK/Let’s…AllrightWhynot…?语否定：No,let’s…肯定：Certainly/Yes,please/另外还可回答为Yes,Ithinkso/I’dloveto否定：No,Idon’tthinkso/I’mafraidnot.puton强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴上后接△6..wear是puton之后的结果：穿着“衣服”=bein名词dresssb:给某人穿衣eg.1)You’dbetter____moreclotheswhenyougoout.It’scoldoutside.A.wearB.dressC.putonD.takeoff2)Theboycan________himselfnow.A.wearB.dressC.putonD.takeoff3)Tomiswearingaredshirttoday.A.isonB.isinC.isputtingon△7.在具体的某楼前用oneg.Helivesonthefifteenthfloor.△8.Howdoyoulike…?你觉得……怎么样？=Whatdoyouthinkof…?eg.Howdoyoulikethenewfilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthenewfilm?你觉得这部新电影怎么样？9.alittle=abit但注意：1)alittle+名词=abitof+名词)eg.Thereisalittle(abitof)waterintheglass.2)notalittle=verynotabit=notatall△10.quite:quitea(an)+形+名very:avery+形+名eg.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.=Thisisquiteaninterestingbook.11.inahurry:匆忙地eg.1)Heisinahurryallday.2)Shewenttoschoolinahurry.另外：hurryto…=goto…inahurry12.marrysb=bemarriedtosb.与某人结婚getmarried=bemarried已婚；结婚（但getmarried是“短命”动词，要指“结婚多久”应用bemarried）eg.1)Shemarriedwithadoctor(找错)______2)Shehasgotmarriedfortenyears(找错)__________△13.leavesth+地点：把某物忘在某地forgetsth:忘记某事eg.1)He______thedriver’slicenseyesterday.2)I____myumbrellainthetrainjustnow.△14.感叹句1）What(a,an)+形+名（+主+谓）！(注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用a/an)【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除2）How+形/副（+主+谓）！eg.1)________badweather!2)______hardtheyareworking!3)______goodgirlsheis!4)_____beautifulflowerstheyare!“雨大，雪大”heavy---heavily/hard△15.“风大”strong---strongly“太阳大”bright---brightly注意以上词的形、副区别eg.1)Therewasa__________rainyesterday.2)Itblew________lastnight.3)Thesunisshining___________.4)Look!It’sraining__________.5)Whata___________wind!howlong:多长时间（问时间段）△16.howoften:多久一次（问频率）howsoon=when:何时（问将来时间）eg.1)--________doeshegohome?--Onceaweek.2)--________wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?--Lessthanaweek.3)--________willhecomeback?--Intwodays.eg.1)Ididn’tgotothecinema._____Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.2)Wewouldliketostayatschool_______goingtothecinematoday.△18.so句型so+be(助、情)+主语：“也如此”so+主语+be(助、情)：“的确如此”eg.1)IwatchedTVlastnight,andsodidshe.昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。2)IwatchTVeveryday,andsodoeshe.我每天看电视，他也如此。3)Icanswim,soIcan.我会游泳，真的是这样。注意：表示“也不如此”用neither/noreg.Ididn’twatchTVlastnight,neitherdidshe△19.指路与问路问路1)Excuseme.Couldyoutellme…howIcangetto….howtogetto…thewayto…2)Excuseme.Whichisthewayto…指路1)Godown/up/alongthisroadand…go还可替换为walk2)Godown/up/alongtotheend.3)Goonuntilyoureachtheend.4)Takethe…turningontheleft.=Turnleftatthe…turning.5)Goacrossthebridge△20.eg.1)He’ssick/illinhospital.2)Anurse(A)musttake(B)good(C)careofill(D)men.（选错）_____________△21.eg.1)__________heisastudent.2)He___________astudent.△22.类似结构△23.到达但当后不接地点时，只能用arriveeg.1)She____Shanghailastnight.A.reachedtoB.gotC.arrivedinD.arrivedat2)They____thereintimeatlast.A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.gottoD.arrivedat1)I’llringyouupassoonashe_____(到达).【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除eg.1)Sheis_____________girl.2)Doyoufeel______whenyouare_____?3)Theoldmanliveinahouse________.eg.Ihave(A)many(B)worktodo(C)______eg.1)Hegaveus_________money.2)Sheis___________young.eg.1)Please____yourexercisebookheretomorrow.2)Meimeioftenhelpstheoldman_____water.eg.–-Ilookedformypen___________,butIcouldn’tfindit____________.---Don’tworry.Soonerorlateryou’llfindit_________.30.toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是……类似结构：toone’sjoy使某人高兴的是……eg.Toourgreatsurprise,shecouldswimintheriver.使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。31.agreewith:同意某人（或某人所说的）agreeto:同意某事eg.1)Heagree___myplan.2)Iagree____whatyousaid.32.beon…team:参加……队；是……的队员eg.Heisonthecitybasketballteam.他是市篮球队队员。△33.teachsb+科目（当sb是人称代词时应用宾格）eg.HeteachesourEnglish(改错)__________△34.the100-metrerace100米赛跑100-metre作定语，修饰race,注意metre用单数。类似结构：①atwo-thousand-wordletter一封两千字的信②an18-year-oldgirl一位18岁的女孩另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达：100-metrerace=100metres’racetwo-monthholiday=twomonths’holiday但当前面有a/an;物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：eg.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______.A.twomonthsholidayB.Twomonths’holidayC.two-monthholidayD.twomoth’sholiday35.problem与questionquestion:指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask,answer连用problem:指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指“难题”。常与solve,workout连用1)Wemustfindoutagoodwaytosolvethe______.2)Youcananswerthe_____inyourownwords.borrow:借进borrow…from从…借△36.lend:借出lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借给某人keep:保存；借（多久）（与时间段连用）1)Jack____mehisbikelastweek.2)Youcan_____thebookfromme,butyoucan____itforonlyoneweek.△37.It’s+adj+of/forsbtodosth.当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of.常见的此类形容词有：kind;good;clever;careful;polite;right;wrong.其余情况用for.1)It’sveryclever____youtodothat.2)It’shard____metoworkouttheproblem.△38.more:另外的；额外的（放在数量词之后）another:再一（另一…）（放在数量词之前）1)MayIhavetwo_____apples?2)MayIborrow_______onebook?usedto+动原:过去常常做…△39.beusedto+动原:被用于做…be/getusedtosth:习惯于某事1)Heusedtobelateforschool.2)Theknifeisusedtocutthings.3)Heisuesdtohardwork.other:放在被修饰词之前△40.else:放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不定代词和疑问词1)otherstudents别的学生2)anybodyelse.其它任何人whatelse.别的什么△41.so+形/副such+形+名但注意：1)so+形+a/an+单名=sucha/an+形+单名2)so(many/much/few/little)+名3)so…that;such…that如此…以致…①Itwas____badweather.②Thereare____manypoorinthecountry.③____fewanimalseat____muchgrass.④Thiscityis____old,you’dbettervisitit.⑤It’s______importantparty____Ican’tmissit.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除have/hasbeento:曾经去过…△42.have/hasgoneto:已经去了…have/hasbeenin:已在…(多久)注意：1)后接地点副词here,there,home时应省介词2)与时间段连用只用have/hasbeenin①--Where’sTom?--He______________Beijing.②I______Beijingseveraltimes.③She________Chengdufortwoyears.④He__________theretwice.△43.“短命”动词“长命”动词buy—have;borrow—keep;die—bedead;leave—beaway(from);comeback—beback;fallasleep—beasleep;open—beopen;catchacold—haveacold;go/getout—beout;arrive(reach/getto/cometo)+地点—bein+地点；join—bein+集体（或be+成员）；turnon—beon;turnoff—beoff;getaletterfrom—havealetterfrom.end/finish—beover;getup—beup;1)Hehas(A)bought(B)thefridge(C)for(D)twoyears._________2)Howlong(A)may(B)Iborrow(C)the(D)book?_________3)Thefilm(A)hasbegun(B)forfiveminutes(C)._________4)Tomhasgot(A)theletter(B)from(C)Jimfortwodays(D).__________5)Ihave(A)caught(B)acoldsincetwoyearsago(C).____________6)Hehas(A)cometo(B)Beijingfortenyears(C)___________7)Mybrother(A)hasjoined(B)thearmy(C)for(D)fiveyears.___________44.except:除…以外（不包括除去的部分）besides:除了…，还有…（包括除去的部分）1)WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.该句意味着：WegotoschoolfromMondaytoSaturday.2)WeallwenttotheparkbesidesLiLei.该句意味着：Wewenttothepark,andLiLeiwent,too.take:Ittakesbsometimetodosth.△45.主语pay(money)forsth是人buysthfor+moneycost:sthcostsb+money主语是物1)I_____tenyuanonthebook.2)I_____tenyuanforthebook.3)Thebook_____metenyuan.4)I_____thebookfortenyuan.5)It_____meanhourtodothemathsproblemsometime:某时(与将来时连用)△46sometimes:有时（一般现在时sometime:一些时候(表时间段)sometimes:几次eg.1)He_______(go)toBeijingsometimenextweek.2)I_______(be)toBeijingsometimes.47.betodo:表将来ThereistobeasportsmeetingnextSaturday.△48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚”用“long;wide;high/tall;deep;away;thick.1)MrGreenisnearlytwometres________2)Theiceisaboutonemetre_________.3)Ourclassroomisabouttwelvemetres______andeightmetres__________.△49.population：不可数名词。指人口的多少用“large/big或small”；询问人口的多少用what.1)What’sthepopulationofGermany?德国的人口是多少？2)Chinahasalargepopulation.中国人口众多3)Thepopulation(A)of(B)Japanisless(C)thanthat(D)ofIndia.____________另外注意：表示“有…人口”用haveapopulationof.NowChinahasapopulationofmorethanonebillion.现在中国有十亿多人口。eg.makeroomfor:为…腾出空间51.seem的用法：1)seem+adj=seemtobe+adjHeseemsveryangry=Heseemstobeangry.2)seemtodoItseemstoraintomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。3)Itseems+that从句Itseemsthatyouareright.你似乎是对的。1)Hetalkedasifheknewallaboutit.他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。2)Heopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.他开口似乎要说什么。【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除1)We____them5to3.2)Intheendwe_____thematch.interested;excited;surprised主语是人。指某△53.人对…感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇（只作表语）interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇（可作定、表语）1)It’san________footballgame.2)I’m________inmusic.1)作情态动词，用于否、疑句△54.need2)作实义动词needtodo(表主动)needdoing(表被动)1)Youneedn’tgohomenow.2)Thebikeneedsmending.3)Ineedtogohomenow.△55.alive:活着的；在世的（常作后置定语）living:活着的；没死的（常作前置定语）1)Bothplantsandanimalsare_______thing.2)Noone______willbelieveit.△56.否定前移的动词：think,believe,expect,suppose.1)Ididn’texpecttheirteamwouldwin.我希望他们的对不会赢。2)Idon’tthinkhewillcometomorrow.我认为明天他不会来。lookat:（有意识地）看…△57.see:（lookat之后的结果）看见read:看（书、报等）watch:看（电视、比赛等）另外注意：1)seeafilm看电影2)seeadoctor看医生1)Ioften______newspaperaftersuppe.2)He_____thepicture,and____sometreesinit.△58.listento:（有意识地）听…hear:（listento之后的结果）听见Hewasverysorryto________thebadnews.lookfor:（强调“找”的动作）寻找△59.find:（lookfor之后的结果）找到findout:(经过努力、周折)查出，找出（真相等）Theyare___________theirlosthorse.A.findingB.lookingforC.findingout△60.hope:(可能实现的)愿望wish:(难以实现的)愿望另外注意：1)wishtodosth=hopetodosth2)wishsbtodosth()hopesbtodosth(╳)()I_____youtocometoschoolearliernexttime.A.wishB.hopeC.wants①enough：放在形、副之后.goodenough△61.②修饰不定代词(something,anything,nothing)的词应后置。③else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置）1)Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2)Hedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchupwithTom.hadbetter+动原否定hadbetternot+动原△62Will/Wouldyouplease+动原？Will/Wouldyoupleasenot+动原？Willyoupleasenottalkinclass?△63.What’stheweatherlike…?…的天气=How’stheweather…?怎么样？△64.find+宾+形：觉得…怎么样findit+形+todo:觉得做…怎么样类似用法还有make,think等1)Ifindthequestion___________(容易).2)IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglis.△65.anumberof+复名：许多，一些(作主为复)thenumberof:…的数目/号码(作主为三单)Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50.too:句末用于肯定句△66.also:句中“也”either:否定句末“也不”1)Idon’tlikereading,shedoesn’t,______.2)Tomisfourteen.Jimis_____fourteen.△67.already,just:肯助后yet:否、疑末1)Ihavealreadyhadlunch.2)Ihaven’thadlunchyet.68.live:(长时间的)居住stay:(短时间的)居住eg.HelivesinChangsha,buthe’sgoingtostayinShanghaiforafewdays.Ⅲ、替换练习解题指导：该类题常常以以下几种情况进行考察：【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除1．描述释义，也叫概念释义，即用一种情况来对某词进行解释。eg.huge=verybigglass=cupmadeofglassagree=sayyes/havethesameidea2．同义词释义。指用意义相同或相近的词进行替换。eg.nearly=almostperhaps=maybedifficult=hardfast=quickly3．否定释义。即对某些词用相反的意思进行解释。eg.cheap=noexpensivethick=notthindirty=notcleanlow=nothigh/tall4．常识释义。即词义本身属于一种生活常识。eg.century=100yearsAugust=theeighthmonthsummer=theseasonbetweenspringandautumnLondon=thecapitalofEngland练习选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的一项()1.LiuYingislikehertwinsister.A.likesB.lovesC.lookslike()2.Youmustdrinkalotofwatereveryday.A.manyB.muchC.alittle()3.MostoftheteachersinourschoolarefromSouthChina.A.livedinB.getbackfromC.comefrom()4.Shetookcareofhergrandpawhenshewasfree.A.lookedafterB.lookedforC.gavemedicineto()5.Areyousureheisabletodotheworkbyhimself.A.mustB.hastoC.can()6.Mum,I’mhungry.CanIhavesomecakes?A.drinkB.eatC.play()7.Jack,pleasecomeandsitbytheteacher.A.beforeB.nearC.past()8.Summeriscoming.Theweatherwillbecomehotterandhotter.A.catchB.getC.feel()9.Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytotheshop?A.answerB.showC.give()10.Hedidn’tbringthebookhere.Hehadtogohometogetit.A.couldB.mayC.must()11.Hello,James.Nicetoseeyou.A.catchB.meetC.watch()12.Idon’tunderstandhiswords.A.whathetoldB.whathesaidC.thathetalked()13.Theycameherebyair.A.bybikeB.byplaneC.bybus()14.Gladtoseeyouagain.A.SorryB.NiceC.Bad()15.CanIuseyourbike?Mineisnothere.A.lendB.borrowC.get()16.Areyougoingtoswimthisafternoon.A.hasaswimB.haveaswimC.swimming()17.I’mnotfreetonight.A.hungryB.lateC.busy()18.Don’tworry.I’llbebackinaminute.A.verysoonB.fastC.quick()19.Summerfollowsspring.A.comesbeforeB.comesafterC.isunder()20.I’llgetanewdictionarysoon.A.takeB.sellC.buy()21.Whendidthestudentsgettothefactoryyesterday?A.cameB.arrivedC.reach()22.Theywerequitepleasedtoseeeachotheragain.A.pleaseB.goodC.glad()23.Themeetingwillbeheldataquartertoeight.A.8:15B.7:45C.7:15()24.Thestudentshadagoodtimeinthewinterholiday.A.enjoyedthemselvesB.enjoyedthemC.hadnotime()25.Theshirtisverynice.I’lltakeit.A.tryB.buyC.sell()26.Howistheweathertoday?A.What’stheweatherlikeB.WhatwasitlikeC.What’stheweatherlookslike()27.Mr.LiwilltakemetotheparkifheisfreenextSunday.A.willbefree.B.hastimeC.hadtime()28.Heprefersapplestooranges.A.likes;thanotherB.likes;betterthanC.doesn’tlike;somuch()29.Shedoesn’thavetoworryaboutheillness.A.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’t()30.Hehadtoattendthepartybyhimself.A.aloneB.onlyheC.lonely()31.Hesaidnothingatthattime.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除A.makenoiseB.keptsilentC.tookhisseat()32.Therewerestillquiteafewpeopleinthestreetthatevening.A.notmanyB.manyC.much()33.We’llheldaclassmeetingtomorrow.A.haveB.giveC.put()34.Thegirlwassoweakthatshedidn’tcatchupwithothers.A.fellbehindB.triedtoholdC.ranafter()35.Heprefersapplestooranges.A.likes;thanotherB.likes;asmuchasC.likes;betterthan()36.Thebuildinghasbeenthereforacentury.A.ashorttimeB.alongtimeC.ahundredyears.()37.MrSmithflewtoLondonyesterday.A.wenttoLondonbytrainB.wenttoLondonbybusC.wenttoLondonbyplane()38.MikeisweakinChinesebecausehemissedsomanylessons.A.likesB.doeswellinC.isnotgoodat()39.Tomhasn’theardfromhisparentsforalongtime.A.listenedtoB.writealettertoC.receivedanylettersfrom()40.WewantedtoknowwhenwewouldhaveanEnglishtest.A.wantedtoseeB.gottoknowC.wondered()41.Everybodysaysheisabrightboy.A.braveB.cleverC.tall()42.Maryiswearingareddresstoday.A.onB.inC.puttingon()43.BothmybrotherandIlikethepictureverymuch.A.HeB.WeC.I()44.Thedoctoraskedhimtogiveupsmoking.A.giveinB.stopC.goon()45.LiLeigotupearlylastSundayandJimgotupearly,too.A.sowasJimB.sodidJimC.Jimdidso☺句型一、句子成分：句子是有不同的各部分组成的，这些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是单词、词组或句子（从句）。在句中起主要作用的是主语、谓语，称为主要成分；起次要作用的有宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语，称为次要成分。所有的句子都是在简单句的基础上展开的，所以我们首先讨论简单句的五种基本句型。一、简单句的五种基本句型(Fivekindsofsimplesentences)（一）主语+不及物动词（主、谓结构）eg.1）Heisworking.2）Hecooks.（二）主语+及物动词+宾语（主、谓、宾结构）eg.1）WestudyEnglisheveryday.2）Theyareplayingfootball（三）主语+连系动词+表语（主、系、表结构）eg.1）Treesturngreen.2）Heishappy.常见的连系动词有：be;become;get（“天气”变得）;turn（“颜色”变得）;feel（觉得/摸起来）;look(看起来)；smell(闻起来);sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).特别注意：a)连系动词后常接形容词常作表语；b)be/become后常接名词或相当于名词的短语（不定式/动名词）做表语。c)seem+形容词=seemtobe+形容词eg.1)Heisateacher(名词做表语)2)Hisjobistofeedanimals(不定式做表语)3)Hishobbyisreading.(动名词做表语)4)Heseemshappy=Heseemstobehappy（四）主语+及物动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）=主语+及物动词+直宾（物）+to/for+间宾（人）常用的此类动词有：give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy与for连用eg.1)Igavehimabook.=Igaveabooktohim.2)Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.=Mymotherboughtapenforme.（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing形式。eg.1)WecallhimJim.（名词做宾补）2)Wemustkeepthewindowopen.（形容词做宾补）【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除3)Thenewsmakesmehappy(同上)4)Ifoundithardtogettosleep(同上)5)IthinkitusefultolearnEnglishwell(同上)6)Hetoldmetowashtheplates.（不定式做宾补）7)Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.（动名词做宾补）特别注意：1)动词不定式作宾补A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth.其否定式为：ask/want/tellsbnottodosth2)省to不定式作宾补，即：(l,m,n;3h;2看;1f)sbdosthl—let,m—make,n—notice;3h—hear,have,help;2看—see,watch;1f—feel.eg.1)Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday.2)Ioftenhearhimsing.2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.hear/seesbdo:听见/看见某人做了某事hear/seesbdoing:听见/看见某人在做某事二、词类和句子成分的关系。（一）词类相互间的关系。1．形容词、数词通常修饰名词（有时名词也可以修饰另外一个名词），形容词还可修饰代词。例如：1)Thethreetallandstrongmenareallbasket-(定语)(主)(谓)(定语)ballplayers.（“主系表”结构）(表语)数词three和形容词tall,strong修饰名词men;名词basketball修饰名词players.2)Thewriteroftenwritessomethinginteresting(主)(状)(谓)(宾)(定)aboutchildren.（“主胃宾”结构）(定)形容词interesting修饰不定代词something2．副词常修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。例如：(副词well修饰plays，副词quite修饰另一副词well.)(副词very修饰形容词interesting)以上的名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词称为实词，可以在句中单独做一定的成分。3．冠词、介词、连词称为虚词，在句中不能单独构成句子成分。冠词只能用于名词前；介词与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，才能作一定的成分（定语、状语和表语）。例如：（介词短语ofClassTwo作定语，修饰theLeaguemembers.介词短语intheschoolyard作地点状语,修饰arehaving）连词只起连接词、词组和句子的作用。Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.（that连接两句子）（二）词类和句子成分的关系：1．主语：是句子要说明的人和物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词常在句中作主语。此外，动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可作主语。例如：1)Mr.Chenisagreadtscientist.(名词作主语)2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词作主)3)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词作主语)4)ToswiminKumingLakeisagreatpleasure.(动词不定式作主语)5)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.(主语从句作主语)2．谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。例如：1)ThenewtermbeginsonSeptember1st.(行为动词作谓语)2)Sheseemstired.(连系动词作谓语)3)HehasgonetoBeijing.(行为动词作谓语)3．宾语：及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词（或相当于及物动词的短语）后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外，动词不定式、动名词和从句也可作宾语。例如：1)WangLinglentmeanovel.(代词me作间接宾语；名词anovel作直接宾语)2)Themedicineisgoodforacough.(名词acough作介词宾语)3)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.(不定式toaskquestions作动词likes的宾语)4)Hisbrotherisgoodatplayingchess.(动词名词playingchess作介词宾语)5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?(coming作动词宾语)4．宾语补足语（复合宾语的第二部分）：在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。（见前面简单句的五种基本句型五）5．表语：在连系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有：【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词以及表语从句。（参见简单句的五种基本句型三）1)WangLin’sfatherisadoctor.(名词adoctor作表语，说明主语的身份是doctor)2)HeisfromAmerica.（介词短语fromAmerica作表语，说明主语的特征是“来自美国“）3)Thebabyisasleep.(形容词asleep作表语，说明主语的状态是“睡着的”)4)HisworkisteachingEnglish.(动名词短语teachingEnglish作表语，说明主语特征是“教英语”)5)Thisiswhyhewaslateforschool(表语从句whyhewaslateforschool作表语。)6．定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语通常放在它所修饰的词前；但修饰复合不定代词（nothing,anything,everything,something,somebody,anybody,…..）时，则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰词之后。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和定语从句等都可作定语。1)Heisreadinganinterestingbook.(形容词interesting作定语,修饰名词book)2)Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(形容词important以及不定式totellyou作定语，修饰不定代词something)3)Therearefewwomenworkersinthefactory.(形容词few以及名词women作定语修饰名词workers)4)TheoilworkersherecomefromDaqing.(名词oil以及副词here作定语修饰名词workers)5)Wehavegottendesksintheroom.(数词ten修饰名词desks)6)Yesterdaythescientistmadeareportonmodernscience.（介词短语onmodernscience作定语修饰名词report.）7)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.(现在分词短语playingthepiano作定语修饰名词girl)8)ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.(定语从句whichIboughtyesterday作定语修饰名词dictionary)7．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词（如：often,always,usually等作状语放在事义动词之前，be/助/情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。1)HeknowshowtolearnEnglishwell.(副词well作状语，修饰动词learn)2)Myparentsoftentellusabouttheirhardlifeinthepast.(副词often作状语，修饰动词tell)3)HermotherusuallygoesouttodosomeshoppingonSundays.(副词usually以及介词短语onSundays作状语，修饰动词goes)4)HewillleaveforShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.(名词词组thedayaftertomorrow作状语，修饰动词willleave)5)Hecameheretoseeyou.(动词不定式toseeyou作目的状语，6)Hesattherereadinganovel(现在分词短语readinganovel作状语修饰动词sat)7)IfIhavesomefreetime,IwillstudyGerman.(条件状语从句IfIhavesomefreetime作状语)三、用分析法确定一个单词在句中的词性和成分。在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意思，应根据一个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的成分。1)Excuseme.Idon’twanttolistentoyouanymore.Idon’tthinkit’sagoodexcuseforbeinglateforschool第一个excuse是动词“原谅”；第二个excuse有冠词a修饰，它是一个名词“借口”，在此作表语）2)Thescoresarehardtobelieve.TeamAhasscoredeightgoals.第一个score作主语，是一个名词“分数”；第二个score作谓语，是一个动词“进球”3)Theguidepointedtoaredpointonthemaptoshowuswherethetombis.第一个point作谓语，是一个动词“指着”；第二个point作动词pointedto的宾语，在此是一个名词“（红）点”4)WhenIfeltsomeraindropsdroppingonmyface,Iputonmyraincoat.第一个drop作动词felt的宾语，是一个名词“（雨）滴”；第二个drop是一个现在分词短语作宾语raindrops的宾语补足语，是一个动词“落下”5)Thesoundfromthechurchsoundsverybeautiful.第一个sound作主语，是一个名词“声音”；第二个sound作谓语，是一个连系动词“听起来”。6)Sheisaquietgirl.Hedoeseverythingquietly.【精品文档】第33页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除第一处的quiet作定语修饰名词girl,是一个形容词“安静的，文静的”；第二处的quietly作状语修饰动词does,是一个副词“安静地”练习一、根据单词所在的位置和句子成分，判定下列划线部分单词的词性。1.Pleaseclosethewindowbeforeyouleaveyourhome.______2.WangLinisoneofmyclosefriends.______3.Wemustkeepthewindowopen_______4.Iforgottomendmywatch._______5.TheyarewatchingTVnow._______6.Iwouldlikeabottleofwater._______7.Heoftenwaterstheflowers_______8.ShewillgotoNanjingonafasttrain_____9.Hisbrotherswimsveryfast._______10.Letmehaveaswim._______二、判定下列划线部分的句子成分。1.Myfatherwasateacher2.Themilktastesfresh3.Iaminahurrytofindajob4.Ifoundyourshoesunderthebed5.Shegaveherapresent.6.Thepeopleallovertheworldarehopingforpeace.7.Thelittlegirlcandressherselfnow.8.Themanaskedmenottoplayinthestreet.9.Thebookisveryinteresting10.Thereisatruckcollectingrubbishoutside.【精品文档】第33页