初中英语连词的用法 20页

初中英语连词的用法初中英语语法总结——连词连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。第一类表示并列关系的连词1）and和判断改错：（错）Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.13\n（错）Theystartedtodanceandsang.（错）Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.（对）Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.（对）Theystartedtodanceandsing.（对）Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang应改为sing。第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：1.and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）13\nMakeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed.=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed2,AandB当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数,当and连接的单数名词前分别有each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。breadandbutteraknifeandforkThemotherandteacherisverystrictwithherson.Noteacherandnostudentisallowedtosmokeinclass.3,and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气Readitagainandagain2)both-and两者都Sheplays(both)thepianoandtheguitar.13\n2)neither…nor意思为"既不也不"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。Neitheryounorheistoblame.3)notonly…but(also)不但而且Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.注意：notonly…butalso关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。13\nNotonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.2)aswellas以及)也,与・,・同样Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.比较and和or1)并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题---Idon'tlikechicken___fish.---Idon'tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch.13\nA.and；andB.and；butC.or；butD.or；and答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错：（错）Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.（错）Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.（对）Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.（对）Wecan'tlivewithoutairandwater.第二类表示选择关系的连词1）or意思为"或则"。Whichdoyouprefer,tea,coffee,orjuice?2）either-or意思为"或者或者”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。EitheryouorIamright.3）orelse/otherwise否则Besilent,orelseyouwillbekickedout.Iamtired,otherwise,Iwouldplay.13\n第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词1)but但是Heisrichbutunhappy.while然而，表示对比意味Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.yet然而Shesaidshewouldbelate,yetshearrivedontime.however然而，可是，不过Shedoesnotlikehim,however,Ilikehim.2)not・・・but…意思为"不是而是"not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.典型例题---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?---I'dliketo,___I'mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而13\n表并列的and,结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。第四类表因果关系的连词1)for因为，做并列连词使用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.2)so,therefore因此Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame.Ithink,thereforeIam3)then那么，因而Hidebehindthewall,thentheywon’tseeyou.注意：a.两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。YoucanwatchTV,andoryoucangotobed.Hehurthisleg,andso/andthereforehecouldn'tplayinthegame.13\na.although…yet…)但although不与but连用。(错)Althoughhewasweak,buthetriedhisbesttodothework..(对)Althoughhewasweak,yethetriedhisbesttodothework.从属连词从属连词不同与并列连词，只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。第一类引导名词性从句的从属连词1)that引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。Hesaid(that)hewouldcome.宾语从句Hismothertoldme(that)heisagoodboy.间接引语Thatsheisstillaliveistrue.主语从句2)if/whether是否13\nIwonderifheisathome.Iaskhimwhetherhewouldcome.注意：只可以用whether的情况介词后面Itwilldependonwhetheritrainstomorrow.whether・・・ornot固定搭酉己Letmeknowwhetheryoucomeornot.动词不定式前Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepthisadvice.第二类引导状语从句的从属连词1)连接时间状语从句的从属连词before在・・・之前ThewarhadbeenoverbeforehecametoChina.after在・・・之后HecametoChinaafterthewarwasover.since自从IhavelivedinthiscitysinceIwasborn.when/while当•-,Theteacherentered13\ntheclassroom,when13\nallthestudentsas当,一wereplayingWhenIcameintothisroom,Ifoundhimlyingbedasleep（while后接的动词是延续性的动词）IsawherasIwasgettingonthebus.till/until直到Ididn’tgotosleep13\nuntil/tillIfinishedmyhomework.assoonas一・••就・・・Assoonashesawthepoliceman,thethiefrunaway.1)连接地点状语从句的从属连词where在哪里TherewerelotsofparkswhereIlived.2)连接原因状语从句的从属连词because原因,用于解释某事的原13\n13\nfor表因为，表间接的原因，用于说明，解释Isoonwenttosleep,forIwastiredsince表原因）比because弱）比as强，表一种已知的，显然的理由，常译为“既然as表原因时，意义最弱Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshoulddomoreexercises1)连接结果状语从句的从属连词20\nso・・・that.・・如此・•,以至于•--Heissokindthateverybodylikeshim.suchthatHeissuchaki20\nn20\nanthateverybodyl20\nkeshim5）连接目的状语从句的从属连词that/sothat/inorderthat为了Speakclearlythat/sothat/inorderthattheymayunderstandyou.6）连接条件状语从句的从属连词if如果Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoonapicnic.unless除非（如果不）Hewillcomeunlessitrains.incase万一YoumaycallthisnumberincaseIamnotathome7）连接比较状语从句的从属连词than比20\nIt’seasierthanIthought.as/so・・・as・••和・・•一^样Sheisastallasyou.Heisnotas/sotallashiswife.8）连接方式状语从句的从属连词as按照DoasItoldyou.Takethingsastheyare.asif/though仿佛Hebehavesasif/thoughhewasachild.9）引导让步状语从句的从属连词although/though尽管AlthoughJapanissmall,thepopulationisbig.evenif即便Evenifitwassnowingheavily,wewentonrunning.20