【英语】初中英语动词时态) 11页

学习必备欢迎下载动词的时态动词的时态有许多；中学阶段主要把握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时；1.一般现在时1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I,we,you,they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形；主语是he,she,it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情形＋s以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾＋es以辅音＋y结尾去y变i＋es2）一般现在时态的确定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents.Ishe/sheastudent.Doyou/theylikemusic.Domanypeoplelikemusic.3）一般现在时态的用法：现阶段常常性，习惯性的动作；例如：Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.现在的状态例如：Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.客观真理例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等；例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！---MayIhelpyou,sir.---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork解析：电视虽然是前天买的，但坏了是现在的状态，应当用一般现在时态；选B.\n学习必备欢迎下载1.thebusuntilit..A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop解析：这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句，主句是祈使句，因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作；依据句意此题应用not⋯until（直到⋯⋯才）句型；应选C；2.The70-year-oldmanexercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake解析：“这个70岁的老人早晨锤炼；”这里锤炼是一个常常性、习惯性的动作；因此，应选A.2.现在进行时1）现在进行时的构成：Am/is/are+v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式v-ing现在分词的构成：一般情形+ing以不发音字母e结尾的单词；去e,加ing+ing以辅音字母＋y结尾的单词去e+ing以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ing2〕现在进行时的确定确定句、否定句、疑问句形式：主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.We/You/Theyaredoingsomething.Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Areyoudriving.Ishe/she/itworking.Areyou/theydoingsomething.3）现在进行时的用法：1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）；例如：Sheishavingabathnow.2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必需在说话时正在进行）；例如：Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.频度副词always,forever等词连用时，表示某种剧烈的感情；如：Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.〔表示观赏，夸奖〕\n学习必备欢迎下载表示按方案即将发生的动作（仅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等动词）；如：Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock.6〕常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now等；例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1．Idon’tthinkthatit’strue.She’salwayslies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.told解析：always在这里应现在进行时连用，带有感情颜色，表示厌恶；选C.Howyouwiththenewjob.A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon解析：表示现阶段正在发生的动作，用现在进行时；选D.1.---Arethesesocksyours.---No.Mineoutsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung解析：hang意为悬挂，hung意为上吊、绞死，先排除答案B、D；依据前后句意可判定显现在的状态，应用现在进行时；应选A.3．一般将来时1）一般将来时的构成：1.助动词will〔shall〕+动词原形2.am/is/are+goingto+动词原形2）一般将来时的用法：1．将要发生的动作；例如：IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2．将要存在的状态；例如：ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube.3．准备要做的事；例如：Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight.3〕常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrownextweekin2021等；例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.IforHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport？A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left解析：趋向动词leave可用现在进行时表将来；选A；2.Itoseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.cameB.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcome解析：此题虽然有everyweek,但句意中表达的事将要去做的常常性动作；应当用一般将来时；因此选D；WeChinesetheOlympicGamesin2021.A.heldB.shallholdingC.areholdingD.aregoingtohold解析：此题的时间状语是将来的时间，所以选用一般将来时，A、D都删去；shall后面应跟动词原型，故应选D.\n学习必备欢迎下载4．一般过去时1）一般过去时的构成：用动词的过去式；作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情形+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母＋y结尾去y变i＋ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed2）一般过去时态的确定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents.Washe/sheastudent.Didyou/theylikemusic.Didmanypeoplelikemusic.1）一般过去时的用法：过去发生的动作；例如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.过去存在的状态；例如：Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.3.常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1979，often，always等；例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！r.Mottisout.Buthehereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe解析：时分钟前发生的动作，应当用一般过去时；应选A，2.---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.Iyouwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow解析：虽然句中没有明确的时间状语，但是可以通过上下文语境判定出，这句话指的是我这段时间并不知道，你前一阵子在这儿；所以应选A；\n学习必备欢迎下载2.HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome解析：在时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来；应选C；5．现在完成时现在完成时的构成：have/has+v-ing2）现在完成时态的确定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore.Hashe/shebeenherebefore.Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm.在完成时的用法：1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already,just,ever,never,before等词连用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.他从未读过这本小说.〔他对小说的内容不明白〕2、表示“过去的动作”始终连续到现在并有可能连续连续下去.常与for〔后跟段时间〕或since〔后跟点时间〕等连用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注：在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词；如：Hehasdiedfor3years.〔F〕Hehasbeendeadfor3years.〔T〕留意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用；如：in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去过”（去了又回来了）have/hasgoneto表示“去过”（去了没回来了）如：Wherehasshegone.〔句中所指的人不在〕Wherehasshebeen.〔句中作指的人在〕例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！--Howlongheafever.---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have解析：此句表示从昨晚起连续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，去掉答案D；由于是段时间，所以不能用短暂行动词，get和catch都是短暂行动词；因此选B.Mybowlisempty.Whoallmysoup.\n学习必备欢迎下载A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank解析：碗是空的了，这里强调的是所发生的动作造成的结果；“谁把我的汤都喝了；应选C.3.Iyouforalongtime.Whereyou.A.Didn’tseen;did,goB.didn’tsee;have,goneC.haven’tseen;have,beenD.haven’tseen;havegone解析：for+段时间一般预先在完成时连用；“你去哪儿了？”（在这段时间你不在）应选C；6、过去进行时1）过去进行时的构成：was/were+v-ing2)过去进行时的用法：过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作；例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight.3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等；例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！DaddypromisedmehemeacomputerA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy解析：“爸爸答应我给我买一台电脑”；宾语从句中的动作是以过去为起点将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时；选D；Theysaidtheydosomesportsifitwasfine.A.weregoingtoB.wentC.wouldgoingD.weregoing解析：“他们说假如天气好的话他们准备去运动；”去做运动发生在说话之后，所以应选用过去将来时，答案B不合适，“准备作某事”为“begoingtodo”.would后面应跟动词原形，应选A.7、过去完成时态1）过去完成时态的构成：确定式：had+动词的过去分词否定式：hadn’t+动词的过去分词疑问式：Had⋯+动词的过去分词简略回答:Yes,主+have/hashad.No,主+had现在完成时的用法过去完成时的用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作；他表示的时间是“过去的过去”常与bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等连用；如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.2、表示从过去某一时间开头始终连续到过去另一时间的动作或状态；常与for〔后跟段时间〕或since〔后跟点时间〕等连用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.\n学习必备欢迎下载例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.HeinShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforeheBeijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone解析：“他去北京之前在上高校学习了4年”；在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时；此题选B；2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssinceheagooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：Itwas+时间段+since引导的从句中用过去完成时；应选C；3.XiaoPeisaidsheHainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析：“小培说她去了海南三个月”；havebeento和havegoneto都是短暂性的动词短语；所以适应表示状态的havebeenin.应选B.时态综合例题解析：1.--WhatareMrandMrsBlackdoing.---Theyteainthegarden.A.aredrinkingB.drankC.havedrunkD.drink2.Mymotheroftenasksmeearly.A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup3.SoonWuDongupwithLiLei,thentheywereneckandneck.A.taughtB.caughtC.boughtD.brought4.Thecarandstoppedattheredtrafficlight.A.gotonB.gotoffC.sloweddownD.pickedup5.TomtheCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad6.---Doyouknow.---Sorry,butifheback,Iyouknowassoonaspossible.A.whenwillhebeback,comes,willletB.whenhewillbeback,willcome,willletC.whattimewillhebeback,willcome,letD.whattimehewillbeback,comes,willlet7.Wetotheparkifitisfinetomorrow.A.willgoB.havegoneC.go8.Anewshoefactorywillinthispartofthecity.A.bebuildingB.bebuiltC.build9.---allyourthings,Tom.Ihatethemhereandthere.---Ok,Mom.A.PutupB.PutonC.PutdownD.Putaway10.---Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend.---Sorry,Ipreferratherthan.A.tostayathome,gooutB.togoout,stayathomeC.stayingathome,gooutD.goingout,stayathome解析：\n学习必备欢迎下载1.依据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一样，应选答案:A2.依据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配asksbtodosth.故答案：D3.依据第一句的固定动词词组catchupwithsb及其次句的过去时态，应选答案:B4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的把握.依据后半句在红灯时停下来,应选答案:C5.此题主要考查现在完成时的连续和非连续动词，依据fortwoweeks时间短语；应选答案:C6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法；第一句是特别疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序；其次句是if条件句；丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时；应选答案：B7.此题考查if条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，应选答案；A8.此题考查语态；依据全句的意思，使用被动语态；应选答案：B9.此题考查四个动词词组putup,张贴，举起;puton穿上，上演；putaway把---整理好；依据后半句“我厌恶处处乱放”，应选答案:D10.此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefertodosthratherthandosth.应选答案：C.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成果！一、挑选正确答案填空〔动词及搭配〕：1.Apolicemansawtwothievesagirl’smobilephoneonthebusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen2.TheChinesepingpongplayerswilljoininthematch.Let’sthemsuccess.wishB.towishC.hopeD.tohope3.Heissocarelessthathealwayshisschoolthingsathome.forgetsB.forgotC.leavesD.left4.----Whothecomputer.Iwanttouseit.----Timmy.Heitforaweek.borrowed,hasborrowedB.hasborrowed,boughtC.hasborrowed,haskeptD.bought,hasborrowed5.Look.Oneofthegirlsthedoor.cleansB.iscleaningC.cleanD.arecleaning6.Ifyoudon’tfeelwell,youmayjust.stoppedreadingB.stopreadingC.stoppedtoreadD.stoptoread7.----Wherecanwegetabaseball.----Let’s.A.lendJimoneB.lendonetoJimC.borrowonefromJimD.borrowoneofJim8.----Mymodelshipdoesn’twork.----Don’tworry.I’llhaveitthisafternoon.A.repairingB.madeC.repairedD.mend9.Youwashyourhandsbeforemeals.A.needB.mustC.canD.may10.Willyouthelight.It’sdarkintheroom.getonB.getoffC.trunonD.turnoff11.MynameisZhangMingjian.YoumaymeZhangMingjianorMrZhang.A.askB.sayC.tellD.call12.Thereisgoingtoagameinourschoolthisafternoon.\n学习必备欢迎下载hasB.haveC.beD.are1.You’dbettersmoking.It’sbadforyourhealth.eatupB.giveupC.comeupD.getup2.----Howdoyoulikethisbook.----Ithinkithasnothingtowithourstudy.A.makeB.doC.takeD.hold3.----WhereisMrBrown.Ihavesomequestionstoaskhim.----Hetheoffice.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hasgonetoD.hasgonein16.Thebuskeptthepeoplefortwentyminutes.A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waits17.Ibelievethescientistswillabetterwaytohealthedisease.A.getonwithB.comeupwithC.goonwithD.catchupwith18.----Whydoyouoftenthispinkblouse.----Becauseitfitsmewell.A.putonB.wearC.buyD.tryon19.JackalwaysrunsfasterthanPeter,butthistimehehim.A.wentoverB.fellbehindC.putoffD.droppedoff20.TheInternetiteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.A.findsB.makesC.feelsD.takes参考答案：1--5BACCB6—10BCCBC11--15DCBBC16—20CBBBB二、挑选正确答案填空〔动词时态〕：1.Weoutbythattimethatheathiefforalongtime.A.hadfound,hadbeenB.hadfound,wasC.found,hadbeenD.found,was2.Itsohappenedthattheythenovelbefore.A.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.readShefornearlytwohours.A.kepttalkingB.kepttotalkC.haskepttalkingD.kepttotalkingSpringafterwinter.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.hadcome5.—Ihearsomenoiseinthenextroom.—Oh,yes.Yoursisterthere.A.criesB.iscryingC.criedD.wascryingAllthestudentstoplanttreesandthere’snobodyintheclassroom.A.goB.willgoC.havegoneD.woundgo7.Stop.Alittleboythestreet.A.iscrossingB.crossesC.crossedD.hascrossed8.Thegirltomilksincelastwinter.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.wouldlearn9.Whattoyouthismorning.A.happensB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappened10.—Theoldmanlookshealthy.\n学习必备欢迎下载—Yes.Hesomerunningafterhegetsup.A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo8.Shedidn’tpasstheexamsbecausesheherlessonswell.A.wasn’tpreparedB.wasn’tbeenpreparedC.hadn’tpreparedD.waspreparing9.ThisstoryinafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago.A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.happenedD.hasbeenhappened10.—MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.—Really.Forwhat.—Theoldmanthenoiseinthecity.A.ishatingB.hatesC.washatingD.hashated11.Hisfatherforaweek.A.diedB.willdieC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead12.Mymotherisill.Istayathomeandlookafterher.A.hastoB.mustC.wouldD.haveto16.---DoyouknowtheFrenchman.---Yes.Ihimfortwoyears.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.havebeenknown17.Theyalltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.spendB.hadspentC.havespentD.willspend18.Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupB.havetakenplace,havebeensetupC.havetakenplace,havesetupD.weretakenplace,weresetup19.---WhendidKate’sgrandmadie.---Whilethedoctorsonher.A.areoperatingB.wereoperatingC.operateD.operated20.---Whoareyoulookingfor.---MrWhite.---Waithereforawhile.Theclassmeetingoverinhalfanhour.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeen21.Ifshe’snotathome,youtrytelephoningherattheoffice.A.willB.couldC.wouldD.need22.Allthenewwordsupinthedictionaryyet.A.havelookedB.haven’tlookedC.havebeenlookedD.haven’tbeenlooked23.Idon’twanttospeaktoher,butI.A.doB.havetoC.havetospeakD.mustto24.Hurryup,oryouthetrain.A.missB.loseC.willmissD.willlose25.Thenewlibrarynextweek.A..willbuildB.willbebuiltC.wouldbuildD.wouldbebuilt26.---Where’sMabel.---Shepingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.\n学习必备欢迎下载A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.playedD.hadplayed27.Quiteafewtallbuildingsthelasttwoyears.A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putup28.Man-made-satellitesintospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup29.Iallthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow.copyB.willcoupC.copiedD.havecopied30.Nobodyknewalivinginthatcountry.A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomake31.Theoldmanneedsatmostfivehour’ssleepanight,butheforoversevenhourstonight.A.hasfallenasleepBhassleptChasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleep32.I’mreallygettingtoofat.Fromnowon,Imoreexerciseandeatlessfood.AhavedoneBdoCamdoingDwilldo33.Youdon’tneedher.Iherforseveraltimes.Adescribe,hadmetBdescribe,meetCtodescribe,havemetDdescribe,met34.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult.AinfollowingBforbeingfollowedCtofollowDtobefollowedby35.Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindwayspeoplelifemore.A.tohelp,enjoyB.help,toenjoyC.help,enjoyingD.tobehelped,toenjoy36.Whatdidyourclassteacheryoutoatthemeeting.A.tell,sayB.ask,speakC.tell,speakD.ask,talk37.thebusuntilit.A.Getoff,stopsB.getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop38ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghaiinthelasttenyears.A.hasraisedB.hasrisenC.hasbeenraisedD.hasbeenrisen39–WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere.-Heacitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.hasdrivenB.droveC.drivesD.isdriving40.Hurryup.Theplayfortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.beganC.hasbeenonD.hasbegun1-5CAAAB6-10CACCC11-15CCBCD16-20BCBBB21-25ADBCB26-30AACDD31-35BDCCA36-40ACBBC