【英语】初中英语动词变形 8页

学习必备欢迎下载动词的变形1.动词讲解实义动词：及物动词（带宾语）；不及物动词（不带宾语）；及物动词后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词；①MrSmithgavehiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday．史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日；②Heaskedtheteacherafewquestions．他向老师问了几个问题；不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词；Birdsfly.鸟会飞；IthappenedinJune1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月；Mywatchstopped.我的表停了；系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必需跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特点等情形；1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be动词，例如：Heisateacher.他是一名老师；（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份；）2）连续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest，continue,remain,stay,如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持缄默；Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜；Theweatherstaysfine.天气仍是很好；3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累；Heseems〔tobe〕verysad.他看起来很难过；4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软；Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香；5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.Become和get多指人的心情或身体状态的变化，但侧重于转变后的结果；当情形变坏时，往往用go表示，go和turn仍可用于人或事物颜色的变化；Shewent/turnedbluewithcold.她冻得脸色发青了；Therottenmeatwent/turnedgreen.这块腐烂的肉变绿了；Come表示结果的圆满；如：\n学习必备欢迎下载Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了；Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.她没多长时间就富了；联系动词固定搭配：gomad发疯gobad变烂gowrong出毛病了gohungry饿了goblind变瞎gored\white变白红fallill病倒fallasleep入睡cometrue实现comealive复活comeeasy变简单keepfit/silent/calm保持健康/缄默/冷静1.时态时态时间状语一般现在时always,hardly,often,usually,everyday,onceaweek,onSundays,sometimes,at等一般过去时attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,yesterday,lastweek,ago,theotherday,in1982，justnow等一般将来时next⋯,tomorrow,in+一段时间,before+时间点等学习必备欢迎下载现在完成时/现在完成进行时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等学习必备欢迎下载过去完成时before,by+过去的时间等过去进行时atthattime，atsixyesterday，atthatmoment等过去将来时...saidthat...thenextday/week/month/year语法项目构成规章变化不规章变化例句学习必备欢迎下载一般现在时动词用原形三人称单数-s/es一般-s–es辅音＋y---ieshave----hasHegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载一般过去时一般将来时动词用过去时Be—was/werebegoingto＋V原will/shall+V原一般/去e双写/go-wentcome-came辅＋y结尾－ieddo-didleave-left等Gocomeleavestayfly等用进行表将来Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.Areyougoingtoread.Heiscomingtomorrow.学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载现在进行时be＋doing一般去e双写+ingtiedielie–变ie为y加ingTomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载现在完成时/have/has+PP分词规章的同过不规章的动词的过Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.学习必备欢迎下载现在完成进行have/hasbeen+doing去式是一样的一般去e双写去分词需逐个记忆tiedielie–Hehassleptfortwodays.学习必备欢迎下载was/were+doing.过去进行时多用于复合句中+ing变ie为y加ingHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载过去完成时had+动过去分词多用于复合句中过去将来时would+V原形多用宾语从句中规章的分词构成与过去时一样的需要逐个记忆详见不规章动词表Wehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendoflastyear.Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.\n学习必备欢迎下载1.主动句与被动句的转化英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态；其形式为：Be动词+及物动词的过去分词如：Theteachergavehimadictionary.-----Hewasgivenadictionary〔byhisteacher〕.Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld.(1)被动语态的用法：①不知道谁是动作的执行者〔即不知道谁做〕时用被动语态,省略by短语；如：Amanwaskilledintheaccident.〔一个人死于事故〕/Thiswindowwasbrokenyesterday.〔这扇窗子是昨天被打破的〕②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语；如：Riceisalsogrowninthisplace〔.这个地方也种水稻〕/Arailroadwillbebuilthereinthreeyears.〔三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路〕③强调动作的承担者,句尾加by短语；如：ItwaswrittenbyLuXun.〔它〔书〕是鲁迅写的〕/Apetdogisneverkilledbyitsowne.〔r宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的〕(2)主动语态如何改写为被动语态：主动句：主语〔人/物〕+谓语〔及物动词〕+宾语〔人/物〕+其他+状语〔动作的执行者〕〔各种时态形式〕〔动作的承担者〕被动句：主语〔人/物〕+谓语〔及物动词〕+by+人/物+其他+状语〔动作的承担者〕〔be+过去分词〕〔动作的执行者〕(3)留意点：①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语；如：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher.〔老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典〕也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语；学习必备欢迎下载如：Histeachergavehimadictionary→.一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他〕Adictionarywasgiven．t．ohimbyhisteacher.〔老师给他学习必备欢迎下载Hisfathermadehimakite.→Akitewasmadef．o．．r个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他〕himbyhisfather.〔他的父亲给他做了一学习必备欢迎下载②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.→Thepoormanwasmade．to．work12hoursaday.〔老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时〕③“动词+⋯+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动；如：Thegirltakesgoodcare．o．fherlittlebrother.→Thegirl’slittlebrotishetarkengoodcare．o．fbyher.〔女孩照料小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照料着〕④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构；如：Heispleased/worried/tired/⋯⋯.〔系表〕〔他兴奋/焦虑/疲惫⋯⋯〕Hewashit/knockeddown/told/shot/⋯⋯.〔被动〕〔他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中⋯⋯〕3.句型祈使句：句首动词用原形\n学习必备欢迎下载Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth./Itcostsb.somemoneytobuysth.Whatabout/Howaboutdoingsth..做；；；事情怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkofdoingsth..你认为做；；；事情怎么样？It's+形容词forsb.todosth.对某人来说，做某事很；；（所接形容词用来修饰所做的这件事的性质）例：It'sdifficultforhimtofinishthetask.It's+形容词ofsb.todosth.某人很；；；做某事（所接形容词用来修饰人的品行）例：It'sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyhomework.Whatgreatfunitistodosth.做某事太高兴啦；Doyoumind（one's）doingsht..你介意（某人）做某事吗？3.情态动词之后一般用动词原形Must/can/may/might/should/could/beableto/shall4.不定式之后用动词原形agreetoto答应做某事asksb.todo要求某人做某事invitesb.todo邀请某人做某事want〔sb.〕todo想要（某人）做某事plantodo方案做某事have〔no〕timetodo有（没有）时间做某事encouragesbtodo勉励某人做某事helpsb〔to〕do帮忙某人做某事It'stime〔forsb.〕todo到时间做某事了havetodo不得不/必需做某事wouldliketodo想要做某事decide{not}todo打算（不）做某事hopetodo/wishtodo期望做某事wishsb.todo期望某人做某事例外：lookforwardtodoing期望做某事如：Ialwayslookforwardtohearingfrommyparents.我总是期望收到父母的来信；Preferdoing〔A〕todoing〔B〕与B相比，我更喜爱A如：Ipreferplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.与打篮球相比，我更喜爱踢足球；5.介词之后动词一般用-ing形式begoodatdoing善于做某事begoodfor对做某事有好处例：Eatinglessandtakingmorepractiseisgoodforkeepinghealthy.beinterestedindoing对做某事很有爱好getreadyfor预备好做某事haveagoodtimeindoing做某事很兴奋by/throughdoing通过做某事例：Ifinallysucceededby/throughstudyinghard.with/withoutdoing有（没有）做某事例：It'snotpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.havefundoing做某事有乐趣enjoy/dislike/hatedoing喜爱/不喜爱/厌恶做某事finishdoing完成做某事practisedoing练习做某事\n学习必备欢迎下载go+动名词〔动词-ing〕spendsometime〔in〕doing花时间做某事keepdoing保持长时间做某事的动作keepondoing反复做某事bebusydoing忙着做某事dreamofdoing理想做某事thankyoufordoing感谢你为我做某事see/hear/watchsb.doing看到/听到/观看某人正在做某事3.名词短语中的动词用-ing形式Areadingclass/aswimmingpool/adrivingtestmakealiving〔谋生活〕4.Todo和doing都有的表达，彼此之间有区分liketodo喜爱做详细的事情likedoing强调爱好，爱好begin/starttodo（已经完成前一件事）开头做另一件事；begin/startdoing某件事做到一半，停了一会儿（或中间做了另一件事），再开头接着做这件事仍有三种情形用不定式表达：主语不是人；接心理活动；动词本身是beginning：beginningtostart例：Itbeginstorain.begintothink/know/believestoptodo停下之前在做的事，开头做这件事stopdoing停下手头上正在做的事Continue/goontodo停止做某事，连续做另一件事Continue/goondoing做了一会儿某事，中间停了一下，连续做这件事trytodo努力尝试做某事trydoing一种新的尝试forget/remembertodo遗忘/记得去做某事〔仍没做〕forget/rememberdoing遗忘了/记得做过某事5.双写大全Beginning,running,planning,swimming,getting,shopping,chatting,sitting单项题:1.Whathesaidsounds.A.nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD.wonderfully2.Theseapplestaste.A.tobegoodB.tobewellC.wellD.good3.Heturnedtenyearsagobutlaterhebecame.A.ateacher;adoctorB.teacher;doctorC.teacher;adoctorD.ateacher;doctor4.Thedoglostyesterday.\n学习必备欢迎下载A.gotB.becameC.turnedD.fall2.Theoldmanmusthavemad.A.goneB.turnedC.fallenD.driven3.IfeltthatIshouldleave.A.strongB.stronglyC.tobestrongD.verystrong4.—Doyoulikethematerial.—Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt5.Iamafraidtheweatherwillhotforafewdays.A.lastB.belastedC.stayD.bestayed6.Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealthpoor.A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues7.Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.Itgoodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes8.Thecloththatsmoothandsoft.A.feels;sellswellB.feels;iswellsoldC.isfelt;sellswellD.isfelt;sellsgood9.delicious,thefoodwassoonsoldout.A.TastedB.BeingtastedC.TastingD.Totaste10.Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhavetwenty-onealready.A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed11.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainastheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating情态动词和动词搭配1.--Itakethenewspaperaway.--No,youmustn’t.Youreaditonlyhere.A.Must,canB.May,canC.Need,mustD.Must,must2.MustIreturethebookatonce.No,you.butyouteturnitafterschool.A.needn’t,mustB.mustn’t,canC.mustn’t,mayD.can’t,need3.25.—Let’sgotothezoo,.—OK.A.willyouB.don’tyouC.shallweD.can’tyou4.Ourteacheroftentellsusinthesereet.A.noplayB.notplayingC.nottoplayD.nottoplaying5.Mymotherisout,soIlookaftermylittlesister.A.mayB.mustC.havetoD.can6.Thestudentsstoppedwhentheteachercamein.A.totalkB.talkingC.talksD.talked7.Everybodyisbusyreadyfortheexams.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.get8.Pleasedon’tforgetthedoorwhenyouleave.A.pockedB.lockC.tolockD.locking9.Pleasewalkfast,we’llbelate.\n学习必备欢迎下载A.orB.andC.soD.then10.Theoldladysawmethepenonthefloor.A.droppedB.dropC.droppingD.todrop11.IsawtoeoldwomanherewhenIwaswalking.A.sit,passB.sitting,pastC.sitting,passD.sit,past12.themorningofseptember,ourschoolbegins.A.InB.OnC.AtD.To动词时态练习1.IwilltellhimassoonashebackA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came2.Maryonshoeswhenshethem.A.tries⋯buysB.tries⋯buiesC.trys⋯buysD.trys⋯buies3.Thegirloftencoldwhenshe.A.cathcs⋯dancesB.catches⋯dancesC.catchs⋯danceesD.catches⋯dancee4.hehimselfthere.No,Idon'tthinkso.A.Do⋯enjoyB.Does⋯enjoiesC.Does⋯enjoysD.Does⋯enjoy5.yourteacherfromthemveryoften.Certainly.A.Do⋯hearB.Does⋯hearC.Do⋯receiveD.receive6.yourmothersomecleaningonSundays.A.Does⋯doesB.Do⋯doesC.Does⋯doD.Do⋯do7.Tomtoworkhardtohelphisfamily.Yes,he.A.Has⋯x⋯doesB.Has⋯x⋯doesC.Does⋯has⋯hasD.Does⋯have⋯does8.Whichteacherlessonstoyoueveryday.A.does⋯givesB.does⋯giveC.do⋯giveD.gives9.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,.,hedoes.A.doeshe⋯NoB.doeshe⋯YesC.doesn'the⋯NoD.doesn'the⋯Yes10.MrBlackoftenfishingonSundays,he.A.goes⋯doesn'tB.goes⋯isn'tC.doesn'tgo⋯doesD.doesn'tgo⋯is11.HeusuallyTVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching12.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifittomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed13.NeitherInorheFrench.A.speakB.doesn'tspeakC.speaksD.doesn'tspeak14.Nobodyhowtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing15.TheYoungPioneerwaterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries16.Someareintheriverandsomearegames.A.swimming⋯playingB.swimming⋯plaiing\n学习必备欢迎下载C.swimming⋯IplayingD.swimming⋯plaing12.Look.Theboystudentsarefootballwhilethegirlsare.A.playing⋯danceB.playing⋯dancingC.play⋯dancingD.play⋯dance13.Hetodohislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins14.heonwellwithhisfriendsthisterm.A.Does⋯getsB.Does⋯getC.Is⋯gettingD.Is⋯geting15.MrSmithshortstories,butheaTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting⋯iswritingB.iswriting⋯writesC.writes⋯iswritingD.writes⋯writes16.Itothecinema.IthereeverySunday.A.go⋯goB.amgoing⋯goC.go⋯amgoingD.amgoing⋯amgoing17.Look,theyagoodtime,they.A.have⋯doB.have⋯don'tC.arehaving⋯areD.arehaving⋯aren't18.Youaboutthefuturenow,you.A.don'tthink⋯don'tB.aren'tthinking⋯aren'tC.don'tthink⋯doD.aren'tthinking⋯are19.Shealwayssomethingwhenevershe.A.studied⋯playedB.studied⋯plaiedC..studied⋯plaiedD.studied⋯played20.Heoftenlateintheforest.Itmeverymuch.,A.stayed⋯worriedB.staied⋯worriedC.stayed⋯worryedD.staied⋯worried参考答案：1—5BABDB6—10CDDBA11—15BBCCD16—20CBDCC21-25BDDDA