初中英语时态学习指导 18页

PleasesendmeacardPostcardsalwaysspoilmyholiday.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutmyfriends.Onthelastday,Imadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard.sendv.寄，送postcardn.明信片spoilv.使索然无味，损坏museumn.博物馆publicadj.公共的friendlyadj.友好的waitern.服务员，招待员lendv.借给decisionn.决定wholeadj.整个的singleadj.唯一的，单一的1afewwords,几句话。2lentmeabook中,lent是“借出'啲意思。我们常说lendsb.sth或lendsthtosb.oborrow是"借入"的意思，常用的结构是borrowsth.或borrowsth.fromsb.请寄给我一张明信片明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.去年夏天,我去了意大利.我参观了博物馆,还去了公园•一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书•我读了几行,但一个字也不懂我每天都想着明信片的事假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片.到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定.我早早地起了床，买来了37张明信片•我在房间里关了整整一天•然而竟然连一张明信片也没写成!—、一般现在时\n（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：|getupat6:30inthemorning.（二）构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/eso（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。ShereadsEnglisheveryday.2、否定句：主语+don,t/doesn,t+谓语+其他。Hedoesn'tgetupat6:30inthemorning・3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？DoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,ldo./No,Idon't.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?Wheredoesyourfatherwork?（三）用法1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often,sometimes,usually,always,every/day/year,month…），once/twiceaweek（month,year,etc.）,seldom,onsunday等连用。Ileavehomeforschoolatseveneverymorning.2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。\nTheearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。Tenminustwoiseight.十减二等于八。3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回来时,我将告诉他这个消Ifyoucomethisafternoon,wellhaveameeting.4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了”描述现阶段的动作或状态”，其重点”不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态”。例如:Hecanspeakfiveforeignlanguages•他能说五种外语。Thatisabeautifulcity.那是座美丽的城市。（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加・s;如I:help-helps,clean・cleans,give-gives等。2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加・es;女口：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i,再加・es;女口:study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has,女口：Hehasaninterestingbook.5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时，\nbe改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is一般现在时练习题1)用动词的适当形式填空1」like(swim).1.He(read)Englisheveryday.4.Mike(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.5.Mvmother(like)(go)shopping.7.She(make)amodelplane.8.Dovou(like)(run)?9.Doeshe(like)(jump)?10.DoesNancy(qrow)flowersonSaturday?11.Theteachers(like)(danee).12.Theteacher(like)(danee).13.Thestudents(speak)Enalishinclass.14.Thestudent(speak)Chineseafterclass.15.Let'sandplayfootball.(go)16.Helikeswimming.(not)2)用所给的人称改写句子1.1takephotosonSunday.(Mike)2.Wegrowbeautifulflowers・(she)3.Theylikecollectingstamps.(Ben)\nII.用所给动词的适当形式填空:1.I(write)toyouassoonasI(get)toLondon.2.Hedoean'tfeelwelland(noteat)anyfoodthismoming.3.Henot(see)mecomein,forhe(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.Ill单项选择：1.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifittomorrow.A.don'trainB.doesn'trainC.won'train2.ThereanEnglishfilmnextweek.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobe3.Thepicturenice.A」ooksB.islookedC」ookD.islooking4.Shedownandsoonfellasleep.A.liveB.lainC.laidD.lay5.Theytheofficeatnineyesterdaymoming.A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto6.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyoubacknextweek.A.willcomeB.cameC・wouldcomeD.come7.Don'tsmokeuntiltheplaneoff.A.takesB.tookC.wastakenD.istake8.Isawhertheroomthismorning.A.toenterB.enteredC.enterD.enters9.theteacheraskedustoschoolontime・A.tocomeB.comingC.comeD.comes\n2.Johnisalwaysothers.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp3.HetoldusateightA.workingB.toworkC.workD.worked4.You'dbetterathomeandyourhomework.A.tostay,doB.stay,doC・tostay,todoD.stay,todo5.Hesatdownarest.A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.had6.UncleWangknowsawashingmachine.A.howtomakeB.tomakeC.howmakingD.whattomake7.JimdecidedPollytoLingFengwhenhewasbacktoEngland.A.toleaveB.leftC.leavingD.leave二、一般过去时（一）结构一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。was/were+notwas或were提前，放于句首didn't+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn't或weren't,变一般疑问句将was/were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句\n子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn't,动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。IwasinShanghailastyear.Iwasn'tinShanghailastyear.WasyouinShanghailastyear?Hewenttotheparkyesterday.Hedidn'tgototheparkyesterday?Didhegototheparkyesterday?Wherewereyouyesterday?Wheredidyougoyesterday?(三)用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,lastweek(month,year...),...ago,theotherdayjustnow,attheageof...,in1980等连用。如：Attheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。WhenIwasachild,loftenplaythefootballinthestreet.3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。Hesaidhewouldn'tgoifitrained・（四）动词过去式的规则变化\n1）—般情况下，在动词原形末尾加・ed;如look-looked2）结尾是字母e的动词加・d,如practice-practiced;3）结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，变“y”为“i”再加ed,如studystudied;stoppedo4）重读闭音节结尾，双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed,如stop不规则动词表InfinitivePasttenseInfinitivePasttensecatchcaughtcomecamedodiddrawdrewdrinkdrankdrivedroveeatatefallfellamiswasarewerebeginbegunbreakbrokebringbroughtbuildbuiltbuyboughtcancould动词过去式的记忆口诀动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事；be用was或用were,have,has变had;谓语动词过去式，过去时间坐标志；一般动词加・ed,若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn't添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。一般过去时练习题一、写出下列动词的过去式\n1.look—2.live3.stop—4.carry—\n5.hope—6.trip一7.call—8.finish—11.go—15.come—12.have一16.say—9.want—10.are一13.do—14.get—Fillintheblanks.1.she(sing)asonglastnight?2.-Werethereanypeopleintheroom?(作否定回答)-,nobody.3.-(be)theyatworkthismorning?-Yes.They(have)ameetingtogether.4.-Joe(do)wellinthelong-distaneerunning?-Yes,he5.-WhereTina'sFamily(go)lastSummer?-They(go)toNewYorkfortheirvacation.二、用be动词的适当形式填空1.IanEnglishteachernow.2.Shehappyyesterday.3.Thevgladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancvqoodfriends.5.Thelittledogtwovearsoldthisvear.6.Look,therelotsofqrapeshere7.ThereasignonthechaironMonday.8.TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.It_Children'sDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空\n1・I(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark,(go)4.you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.6.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother・8.Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9.It(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday10.10.Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.11.He(jump)highonlastSportsDay.12.Helen(milk)acowonFriday.13.Shelikesnewspapers,butsheabookyesterday,(read)14.Hefootballnow,buttheybasketballjustnow.(play)15.Jim'smother(plant)treesjustnow.16.they(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they17.I(watch)acartoononMonday.18We(go)toschoolonSunday.\n19.It(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite(go)tohisofficebycar.20.GaoShan(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.21.Don'tthehouse.Mumityesterday,(clean)22.Whatyoujustnow?Isomehousework,(do)23.They(make)akiteaweekago.24.Iwanttoapples・Butmydadallofthemlastmonth,(pick)25.hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)26.She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.27.Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.28.WhatMikedoonthefarm?Hecows,(milk)三、一般将来时(一)概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。TherewillbeanEnglishpartynextSaturday・Wewillcometoseeyoutomorrow.(二)结构K由will+动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为'II。变否定句时，只需在w川后加not,可缩写为won't。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。Hewillarriveherethisevening.他今晚抵达这里。\n2、shall+动词原形(常用于主语为第一人称)Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.我明天没空。3、begoingto+动词原形(打算、准备做某事)HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在伦敦度假。(一)用法1.表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，女口：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year・・・・),thisevening(weekend•…),inthefuture,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,by...,soon等连用。IwillpayavisittoShanghainextweek.Ihopeyouwon'tbelatenexttime・2、当主句为一般现在时,在以after,when,while,assoonas,if,unless等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。rildoitbetteriftheteachergivesmeanotherchance.一般将来时练习题一、单项选择()1.Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.w川begoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlieherenextmonth.A.isn'tworkingB.doesn'tworkingC.isn'tgoingtoworkingD.won'twor\nk()3.Heverybusythisweek,hefreenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.Thereadolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()5.youfreetomorrow?-No.Ifreethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe()6.Mothermeanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give()7.-ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?-.(不，不要。)A.No,youwon't.B.No,youaren't.C.No,pleasedon't.D.No,please.()8.-Whereisthemorningpaper?-1ifforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()9.aconcertnextSaturday?A.Therew川beB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare()10.Iftheycome,weameeting.D.wouldhaveA.haveB.willhaveC.had()11.Heherabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogiving()12.Hetousassoonashegetsthere.\nA.writesB.haswrittenC.willwriteD.wrote()13.Heinthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback()14.Ifittomorrow,we'llgoroller-skating.A.isn'trainB.won'trainC.doesn'trainD.doesn'tfine()15.-WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?■No,(不去)・A.theywilln't.B.theywon't.C.theyaren't.D.theydon't.现在完成时（一）含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前己发牛或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。e.g.Ihavelostmywallet.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了。）Janehaslaidthetable.（含义是：已可以吃饭了。）Michaelhasbeenill.（含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。）Hehasreturnedfromabroad.（含义是：现在已在此地）（二）结构助动词have/has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has,其他人称用haveo（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。ThavestudiedEnglishfor5years.2、否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。Wehaven91beenthere•3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Hasheeatenthatapple?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况，常与for,since连用。\ne.g.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等：e.g.Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently（lately）.Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等：e.g.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions,4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now,叩tothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,nowJust,today,uptopresent,sofar等。e.g.Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar,Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.TherehasbeetoomuchrainthisyeanTherelationsbetweenushavebeenenhancedinthepastfewyears.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作，虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续，但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+—段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。e.g.ThomashasstudiedRussian.（现在不再学俄语）ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.（=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.）6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。e.g.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.现在完成时屮的时间状语：★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经二位于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：Wehavealreadycleanedtheclassroom.Haveyoufinisheditalready?★yet用于疑问句屮表示“已经S用于否定句屮，表示“还（没广。例如：一Hashefoundhiswatchyet?他还没找到他的表吗？\n一No,notyet.是，还没有。★ever意为“曾经二常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间,表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：Haveyoueverbeenthere?你曾经去过那里吗？Nothinghaseverhappenedhere.这里未曾发生过什么事。★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有"，是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如：Ihaven%everspokentoher.=Ihaveneverspokentoher.我从未足艮女也训:过话。★just意为“刚刚二用于现在完成时，表示行为刚刚过去，位于助动词与过去分词之间。e.g.Hehasjustcomebackfromschool.他刚从学校冋来。★justnow意为“刚才二表示过去某时，用于一般过去时，位于句首或句尾均可。e.g.Hecamefromschooljustnow.他刚才从学校回来。★for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g.IhavebeentoShanghaitwicesince1970.Ihaven'tseenhersincesheleftShanghai.IsawPingPingsixyearsago.SinceIhaveneverseenher.have/hasbeento和have/has★have/hasgoneto、beenin的区别。have/hasgonetohave/hasbeento去了,在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未冋来曾经去过，人已经回來了have/hasbeenin已经在，常与一段时间连用e.g.ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.她以前曾去过上海。ShehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.她在上海10年了。HashegonetoQingdao?他去青岛了吗？但不能说HaveyougonetoQingdao?现在完成时练习题一、单项选择1、BothhisMaybetheyparentslooksad•what'shappenedtohim.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi?A.justB,agoC.beforeD•amomentago4>ThefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyearA.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、・Ourcountryalotsofar.・Yes•Ihopeitwillbeeven•A•haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.\nA•was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.Knew8>HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.1ittwice•A.willseeB.haveseenC•sawD.see9、・ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.-Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10>・youyourhomeworkyet?・Yes•IitaA.Did;do;finishedC.Have;done;havemomentago•A.Have;done;finishedfinishedD.will;do;finish11、HisfatherthePartysince1978•A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12>-Doyouknowhimwell?-Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、-Howlonghaveyouhere?・Abouttwomonths•A.beenB.gonec.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay.fortenminutes•A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.15、Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC・willD•wasbegan16>MissGreenisn'tA.hasgoneB.went17、MyparentsA.havebeeninintheoffice•shetothelibrary.C.willgoD•hasbeenShandongfortenyears.D•havebeenB•havebeentoB.havegoneto18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?toChina?A.sotheyB.don'ttheyC.havetheyD・haven'tthey19>hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasinceheA.Howsoon,comesC.Howlong,came20>HisuncleA・hascomehereB.Howoften,gotC.Howfar,arrivedformorethan9years.B.hasstartedtowork