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初二常规班杨静老师初中英语语法---复合句本部分内容是中考中必考及常考考点。考点详解:从句的概念:一个句子在另一个句子中充当成分,充当什么成分就做什么状语。一、宾语从句1、宾语从句的引导词?宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that无意义,在口语中和非正式与中常省略。如:Theteachertellsus(that)wewillhaveanEnglishtesttomorrow.?如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有ornot或从句充当介词的宾语时,只用whethero如:Idon’tknowif\whethershewillcomehere.Sorry,Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot?宾语从句是特殊疑问词时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。如:Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.2、宾语从句的时态?主句的时态是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如:Doyouknowwhowastalkingwithat8o’clocklastnight??主句的时态为一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用相应的某一过去时态。如:\n初二常规班杨静老师HetoldmethathehadbeentoEnglandtwice.?从句表示的是客观真理、普遍现象,自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如Shesaidthesunrisesintheeast.3、宾语从句的语序?在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述句语序,“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如:Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.?由do,does,did构成的疑问句,在装换成宾语从句时,要去电do,does,did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如:Doeshesingwell?Themusicteacheraskedhim.--->Themusicteacheraskedhimif(whether)hesangwell.?如果是will,be,have,can组成的疑问句,在变为宾语从句时,要把这些词还原到谓语位置上,并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如:Willyoubefreetomorrow?Sheaskedme.--->Sheaskedmeif(whether)Iwouldbefreetomorrow.4、宾语从句的简化?当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时,且主句的谓语动词时hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可以简化为不定式。\n初二常规班杨静老师IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoue-mail.?当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问句+不定式”。Shedoesn'tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn'tknowwhattodonext.5、否定转移在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称时,谓语动词时think,believe,suppose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。Idon'tthinkhewillcomewithyou.、状语从句引导连词例句时间:状语when,while,as,before,after,Youdidn'tlookverywhenyougotu\n初二常规班杨静老师1/v口从句since,until,assoonasthismorning.条件if,aslongas,unlessI'llstayathomeifitrainstomorrow\n初二常规班杨静老师状语从句原因because,since,as,forYoucan'tgotherealonebecauseyou状语从句aretooyoung.目的Sothat,inorderthatPleasesayitinaloudvoicesothat状语从句everyonecanhearit.结果It'ssohotthatwewanttogo状语so.…that\such….that从句swimming.让步状语though\although,evenif,Eventhoughheiseighty,themanlooks>I/V咱从句wheneverstrongandhealthy.比较状语than,as.…as,notas\so…asHerunsasfastasMike.从句时间状语从句(1)当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句,表示将来的意义时,从句通常用一般将来时,简称“主将从现”。如:I'llringyouassoonasIgetup.⑵when引导的时间状语从句,通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生;before表示主句的动作发生在从句之前;after则表示主句的动作发生在从句之后;as引导的时间状语从句,往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,不分先后。(3)until和till引导的时间状语从句。\n初二常规班杨静老师①主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until\till所表示的时间为止。如:I’llwaitforyoutillyoucometoseeme.②主句的谓语动词时非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not...until,有时不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表示否定意义的词。如:Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.(4)since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。机构为:Ithasbeen…since+A旬\Itis….since+从旬。如:IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIgraduatedfromBeijingUniversity.Itis10yearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.条件状语从句(1)主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:I’llvisittheGreatWallifitdoesn’traintomorrow.(2)如果if引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行,从句要用现在完成时或进行时,主句通常用将来时。如:Wewillgiveyouagoodpriceifyouarethinkingofbuyingit.(3)”祈使句+and\or+陈述句”中,祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。如:\n初二常规班杨静老师Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常用because、since、as引导。这三个词所表示的语气依次减弱,用why提问用becaus”回答。如:Ididthatbecauseshetoldme.(2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实,就要用since,而不用as或becauseSince在这里的意思是“既然”。如:Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneforhelp.目的状语从句(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有sothat,inorderthat等,谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。如:Hemustgetupearlysothathecangotoworkontime.(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用soasto,inorderto如:.Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.结果状语从句\n初二常规班杨静老师⑴由so…that,such…that引导,其区别:①So+adj\adv+that②Such+a\an+(adj+印数名词+that③Such+(adj+)复数名词+that④Such+(adj+次可数名词+that⑤So+adj+a\an理数名词+that当名词前有many或much修饰时,用so而不用such。如:Sheissuchalovelygirlthatweloveherverymuch.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatweloveherverymuch.Wehavesomuchtimethatwecanfinishtheworkverywell.(2)so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enoughto代替。Thepeachissosourthatweca’nteatit.=Thepeachistoosourtoeat.=Thepeachisnotsweetenoughtoeat.\n初二常规班杨静老师三、定语从句含有定语从句的复合句的基本结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。定语从句的关系词的作用:关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom主语、宾语人TheforeignerwhospeaksgoodChineseisfromCanadathat,which主语、宾语物Iwantedtoknowwhichschoolitwasyouwentto.whose宾语人、物Wedon'tliketheboywhosefatherisamanager.when状语时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.where状语地点Thisiswheremymotherworks.why状语原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语,表语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放于介词后,作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:Adoctorisapersonwho100ksafterpeople'shealth.先行词__定语从句修饰先行词Who时关系代词,在丁定语从句中作主语。下列情况中,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which:1、先行词时all,little,much,none,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Isthereanything(that)youdon'tunderstand?\n初二常规班杨静老师Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.2、当先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.3、当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.4、当先行词有only,all,any修饰时。IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.5、当主句是以疑问句which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?关系代词的省略。一般情况下that,which,whom作宾语时可以省略,但以下情况不能省略:1、关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词谓语关系代词前时,不能省略。I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.2、that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?关系副词的用法1、when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatefromNo.8MiddleSchool.2、why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一■词。Wedon'tknowthereasonwhyhewassosad.3、where表示地点,在定语从句中地点状语。ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.先行词地点状语主语谓语dI\n初二常规班杨静老师岸语从句修饰修行!词