初中英语名词复习 14页

1对1辅导教案学生姓名学校年级学科英语授课教师赵老师时间学科组长教学课题名词教学目标知识目标:理解掌握名词能力目标:理解和灵活使用名词教学重点难点重点:名词的灵活使用难点:理解英语里的单复数概念教学过程1.复习/预习---课前沟通2.新课讲授---名词的使用3.习题训练---相应的单选和填空题练习4.习题讲解---相应的单选和填空题讲解5.知识点小结---名词的用法\n名词名词意义:表示人.事物或抽象概念的词。如:Shanghai,Lilei,desk专有名词普通名词国名地名人名团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词首字母大写表单个的人或者事物表一群人或一些事物的总称表无法分为个体的物质表抽象概念的词如:Jim,June,China,Harbin.teacher,apple…family,police…water,money…health,friendship…1.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分A.不规则变化常见的有:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice...单复数同型:ChineseJapanesepeoplesheepdeerfish(中日友好永不变)aChinese---twoChinese;aJapanese---fourJapanese(英法联盟a变e)anEnglish---eightEnglishmen;anFrenchman---nineFrenchmen(其他后面加s)aGerman---fiveGermansB.规则变化情况构成例词一般的词＋sday-daysdesk-desks以s,sh,ch,x结尾＋esmatch-matchesboss-bosses*tomatoes,potatoes,heroes以辅音＋y结尾改y为i＋esbaby-babiesfly-flies以f/fe结尾改f为v＋eswife-wivesleaf-leaves\n1.Some____and____willcometovisitourschoolnextmonth.A.Germans;EnglishmansB.Germen;EnglishmenC.Germans;EnglishmenD.German;Englishman2.Look!Therearethree______andtwo______attheschoolgate.Let’sshowthemaroundourschool.A.Frenchman;GermanB.Frenchmen;GermanC.Frenchmen;GermansD.Frenchmans;Germans给出下列名词的复数形式1pieceshoeorangelake2busfoxglasswish3bodycityenemybaby4boykeyholidayway5lifeleafyourselfwolf6zoopianoradiophoto7tomatoherotoothfoot8manwomanfisherman9GermanChinesechildsheepC.复合名词的复数变化规则:man和woman都要变,girl和boy却不变1mendoctorsboystudents1.They are________.A.man doctor       B.men doctors     C.men doctor      D.man doctors2womendriversgirlfootballplayers\nD.常考可数名词knifestomachachetoothachecoldfevercoughsecondminutequarterhourweekyearchancemistakequestionproblemideasuggestionsizeshapeinventiondiscoverymessagedifferencedecisioninvitationconcertplayticketsightvoicetastesmellexpressionintroductioncelebration1.Ifyouworkharder,you'llhaveanother_________toplaytheviolinataconcert.A.sleepB.chanceC.mistakeD.problem2.-Lily,couldyoupleasepassmethe_________?Iwanttocuttheapple.-Sure,hereyouare.A.pen　　B.pencilC.bookD.knifeE.常见复数标志all/bothmany/someafew/fewthese/thoseare/were基数词two...several几个otherdifferent在一般现在时的条件下,遇到复数名词,或代词,动词用原形:weallcomefromChina.1. Those white socks____small.A.are               B.is              C.am              D.do2.How many_____do they have?A.picture            B.pictures         C.a picture3.Weare_____,buttheyare________.A.Germans;JapaneseB.Germen;JapaneseC.Germans;JapanesesD.Germen;Japanese4.__________turngreeninspring.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs5.Look!Thekitesintheskyareindifferent_____.Somearebigandsomearesmall.A.size        B.sizes       C.color     D.colors6.Icanseesome________onthehill.A.sheepsanddeersB.sheepanddeerC.sheepsanddeerD.sheepanddeers\nF.不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。(2)要表示一定的数量时,常与acupof,apieceof等量词连用,如acupoftea一杯茶;twobottlesofwater两瓶水(3)只能修饰不可数名词的词有:alittle(一点),little(几乎没有),much/agreatdealof/alargeamountof(许多)workhomeworkweatheradvicenewsprogressinformationhouseworkfunweightknowledgeEnglishfooddrinkorangericebreadmeatchickenporkbeef......1.-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?-__________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeesC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupofcoffees2.-AfterP.E.,Ioftenfeelverythirsty.-Whynotbuysome__________todrink?A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teas3.-Whatagood_________you'vegivenme!Thanksalot.-Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice4.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes.Iwanttogetsome________aboutthetriptoAmerica.A.newsB.informationsC.helpD.advice5.Yourmothercooksnice__________.Ilikeitverymuch.A.breadB.beefsC.eggsD.dumplings6.-HowcanIgetsome______aboutthe2016OlympicGames?-WhynotsearchtheInternet?A.informationB.experienceC.practiceD.success7.______aboutthesportsmeetingmakeusexcited.A.NewsB.InformationC.MessagesD.Advice8.TheBeltandRoadinitiative(一带一路倡议)willhelpChinaimprove______withlotsofcountries.A.relationshipB.agreementC.environmentD.progress\n3.名词的所有格:在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间距离国家城市的名词,常在词尾加's表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:"的"。如:Tom'sbike(汤姆的单车)名词的所有格例词例句①直接在词尾加'sKate'sbag,Children'sDay,Women'sDay②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加'Teachers'Day,students'books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加'sLucyandLily'smother(共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加'sTom'sandJim'srooms(各自的房间)⑤表某人的家店铺住宅公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略:atthedoctor's(在医务室);atTom's(在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of表达thedooroftheroom,thecoloroftheclothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/与of所有格相结合。Afriendofmyfather's,abookofmine1.-Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?-No,it'smy__________.Heleftittherejustnow.A.brotherB.brother'sC.brothers'D.brothers2.Mr.Blackisateacherof__________.Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch.A.mysisterB.mysister'sC.mysistersD.mysisters'3.Afriendofmy__________andIaregoingtovisit__________nextweek.A.father;BrownsB.father's;theBrownsC.father;theBrownsD.father's;Browns4.Joanis__________sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary'sandJack'sC.Mary'sandJackD.MaryandJack's\n注意:但是有些表示时间距离重量价值国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格今天的报纸today'snewspaper八天的假期an8-dayholidayeightdays'holiday五分钟的步行路程afive-minutewalkfiveminutes'walk结论:1.-HowfarisitfromTianjintoChangsha?-Itisa__________flightfromTianjintoChangsha.A.2-hour-longB.2-hours-longC.2hours'longD.2hourlong2.-We'llhave__________holiday.WhataboutgoingtoShaoshan?-Goodidea!A.3days'B.3day'sC.a3-daysD.3-day3.-Let’stakeabus.It’s_____ridefromheretothecitypark.-Okay.A.afortyminuteB.aforty-minuteC.aforty-minutesD.afortyminute’s【易混词辨析】(1)suggestion,advice①suggestion表示"建议",是可数名词1.Canyougivemesome__________onhowtolearnEnglishwell?2.Hehasgotagood__________todealwithhisoldbooks.②advice表示"建议;忠告",是不可数名词(2)anumberof,thenumberof①anumberof表示"大量的;许多",谓语动词用复数。如:Anumberofpersonsareplayingchess.②thenumberof表示"……的数量",谓语动词单数。如:Thenumberofpeopleintheroomis50.1.__________numberofforeignstudentsarestudyinginthiscollege.2.__________numberofAmericanstudentsisover30.\n(3)news,information,message,instruction①news表示"新闻;消息",是不可数名词。如:twopiecesofnews②information表示"信息;资料",侧重信息的价值,是不可数名词。如:someinformation③message表示"口信;消息",侧重信息的简短,是可数名词。常用词组:leaveamessage(留言)④instruction表示"说明;须知;教导",是可数名词。如:someinstructions1.Whatbad__________!Theschooltripwillbeputoffbecauseofthesportsmeeting.2.-Idon'tknowhowtousethismachine.-Itdoesn'tmatter.Herearethe__________.3.Wouldyoupleasegivea__________toLiLei?Heisnotatschool.4.Canyouprovidemewithsome__________aboutthetrip?部分单词作可数名词和不可数名词时的含义不同:可数不可数1.room房间空间Iwantsapianoinmyroom,butthereislittleroominit.2.orange橙子橙汁Thereisanorangeandtwobottlesoforangeonthedesk.3.glass玻璃杯玻璃Theseglassesaremadeofglass.4.chicken小鸡鸡肉InordertoeatchickenintheSpringFestival,mygrandmaraisedmanychickens.5.time次数时间Ihaveenoughtimetoreadthisbookthreetimes.(5)job,work①job"工作",是可数名词。1.Hehaslostthree__________,becausehedoesn't__________hard.2.Doyouwantto_________late?Wewillhavea________foryouasawaiter.②work"工作",可以作名词或动词;\n(6)house,family,home①house表示"住宅",指的是具体的房子或建筑物。IboughtanewhouseinZhongshan.②family表示"家;家庭",也可指全体家庭成员。Tomhasabigfamily.Therearesixpeopleinhisfamily.③home意为"家",带有眷恋等感情色彩。Forstayingfarawayfromhome,shefeltabithomesick(7)sound,voice,noise①sound"声音",总称1.The__________mademefeelannoyed.Iwanttobeinaquietplace.2.Theteachersaidinaloud__________,"Pleasekeepsilent."3.Atthefootofthehillyoucouldhearthe__________oftherunningwater.②voice"嗓音",主要指人的声音③noise指"噪音"。1.WhenPetercomes,pleaseaskhimtoleavea_________.A.noticeB.messageC.sentenceD.information2.Thereare_________numberofforeignstudentsintheuniversity;_______numberofitis200A.the;aB.a;theC.a;aD.the;the3.Ifoundanew_______inthiscity.I'mverybusyandhavealotof______todoeveryday.A.job,worksB.work,jobC.work,jobsD.job,work4.-Idon't'knowhowtostudyEnglish.Canyougivemesome________?-My________arespeakingmoreandlisteningmore.A.ideas;advicesB.advices,suggestionsC.advice;suggestionsD.ideas;suggestion5.ShehasbeeninShenzhenfor10years.Shenzhenhasbecomehersecond　　　　.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.room6.Ilikeeating_________,somymotherfeedssome_________everyday.A.chickens;chickenB.chicken;chickensC.chickens;chickensD.chicken;chicken7.-Listen.Canyouhearanything?-Yes,That'sthe______oftherunningwaterA.soundB.voiceC.noiseD.shout\n学生作业学生_____________时间___________学科_____________辅导老师__________作业内容1.-Wouldyoulike_____?-Thankyou,butI'mnotthirsty.A.somebreadB.somesandwichesC.somemooncakesDsomeorange2.These__________speakverygood__________.A.Germany,EnglishB.Germens,EnglandC.Germans,EnglishD.Germen,English3.Someofthemare__________.A.womandoctorsB.womandoctorC.womendoctorsD.womendoctor4.Myfathertoldme__________justnow.A.twopiecesofnewsB.twopiecesofnewC.twonewsD.twopiecesofnewses5.Twelve__________werehurt,butno__________werelostinthataccident.A.person,lifeB.people,livesC.peoples,livesD.persons,life6.Look,these__________eatinggrassonthehill.A.sheepisB.sheepsisC.sheepareD.sheepsare7.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencil-boxes8.______areusuallycarefulindoingexercises.A.GirlstudentsB.GirlsstudentsC.Girls'studentsD.Girl'sstudents9.-Areyousurethisisaphoto_______,thefamouscomedyactress?-Itsurprisedyou,didn'tit?Butshewasoncereallythin.A.JiaLingB.JiaLing'sC.ofJiaLingD.ofJiaLing's10.-Howfarisyourhomefromschool?-About______walk.(2016龙东)A.fiveminute'sB.fiveminutes'C.fiveminutesD.five-minute\n11.Pleasepassme______scissors.I’lldothepapercuttingformyarthomework.A.agroupofB.apieceofC.apairofD.acoupleof学生作业学生_____________时间___________学科_____________辅导老师__________作业内容1.Thebroken______maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit,youshouldbecareful.(2016广东省卷)A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles2.Mickeymouseisoneofthemostfamous_____inAmerican_____.(2015广东省卷)A.symbol;cultureB.symbol;culturesC.symbols;cultureD.symbols;cultures3.Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon______Day.(2014广东省卷)A.Woman　　　B.Women　　　C.Woman's　　D.Women's4.-Mum,I'veheardthatwecan'teat______thesedays.Isittrue?-Takeiteasy.It'ssafetoeatcookedmeat.(2013广东省卷)A.chicken　　B.chickens　　　C.achicken　　D.thechicken5.ThestudentsofGradeSevenvisitedMike'sfarmandsawmany______there.(2012广东省卷)A.bird　B.duck　C.sheep　D.rabbit6.Danielhastriedtolose_________byeatinglessrecently,buttwokiloshasbeenputoninstead.(2017广东中考)A.weightB.weightsC.heightD.heights\n学生作业学生_____________时间___________学科_____________辅导老师__________作业内容1.Great____forfootballlovers-morethan50,000soccerschoolswillbebuiltinourcountrybytheendof2025.A.newsB.messageC.situationD.information2.-Whatwouldyouliketoeat?-Some_________,please.(2016铜仁)A.breadB.cakeC.coffeeD.tea3.Allthe______enjoyedthemselvesonMarch8thbecauseitwastheirownholiday.(2016龙垦)A.menworkersB.womenworkersC.womanworkersD.manworkers4.Lilyoftenhelpshermotherdosomecookinginthe______.(2016淮安)A.kitchen　　B.garden　C.bathroom　　D.bedroom5.-YanJiashuo,a_____girl,haswontheprizeofMasterofMemory.-Wow,she'sgreat,isn'tshe?(2016连云港)A.ten-year-oldB.ten-years-oldC.tenyearoldD.tenyearsold6.-It'susefulforthedeafpeopletolearnsignlanguage.-Yes,it'sanimportantwayof_____forthem.A.suggestionB.vacationC.questionD.communication7.HewasborninGermany,buthehasmadeChinahis______.(2016绵阳)A.familyB.addressC.houseD.home8.It'ssportstime.Most________studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.(2016重庆)A.boyB.boysC.boy'sD.boys'9.-It'shottoday.Havesome________,please.-No,thanks.I'mnotthirstyatall.(2016重庆)A.waterB.potatoesC.breadD.cakes10.-HowfarisitfromBeijingtoHaikou?-It'sa______flightfromBeijingtoHaikou.(2015黑龙江)A.3-hour-longB.3hourslongC.3hours'longD.3-hours-long11.Ilivenearthestation,It'sonlyaboutfive________walk.(2015山东临沂)A.minute'sB.minuteC.minutes'D.minutes12.Mr.Liisalwayspatienttogiveme______onhowtoworkouttheproblem.\nA.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.somesuggestion学生作业学生_____________时间___________学科_____________辅导老师__________作业内容1.-_________iscoming.WhatcanIgetformymother?-Whataboutascarf?(2015湖南郴州)A.Women'sDayB.Woman'sDayC.Womens'DayD.Womans'Day2.It'strainridefromheretothatcity.(2015湖北鄂州)A.8hourB.8hoursC.8hours'D.a8-hour3.-Whoseroomisthis?Isitthe______?-Yes,itis______.(2015黑龙江龙东)A.twins';TomandTim'sB.twin's;Tom'sandTim'sC.twins';TomandTimD.twins;TomandTim's4.Lastyear,threehundredEnglishteacherstookpartinthe_______EnglishTraining.A.twomonthB.two-monthsC.twomonthsD.two-month5.Nancytookhertemperatureandfoundshehada______.(2016青岛)A.coughB.toothacheC.coldD.fever6.Asmartphonemakesabig_______toourlife.(2016西宁)A.differenceB.decisionC.progressD.mistake7.SteveJobswasfullof_______-alwayscomingupwithnewideaswhichledtogreatchangesinsociety.A.instructionB.invitationC.informationsD.invention8.EveryyearmanyforeignfriendscometoseetheofTianjin,suchasTianjinEyeandHaiheRiver.A.concertsB.playsC.cartoonsD.sights9.EverytimeIseethestrawberries,thesweet_______andbeautifulcoloralwaysmakemymouthwater.(2015山西)A.voiceB.tasteC.shapeD.size10.-IalwaysgetnervouswhenIstarta(n)______withothers.-Takeiteasy.Believeinyourself.(2015浙江衢州)A.expressionB.introductionC.communicationD.celebration11.-TuYouyoureservedtheNobelPrizeforher________ofanemisinin(青蒿素).-AndshewasthefirstChinesewhowontheprizeinscience.(2016咸宁)A.designB.thoughtC.inventionD.discovery\nPeoplemightthinkthatwithsuchlowtemperaturesformostoftheyear,theicewouldbethickandhard.However,thisisnottrueintheArctic.Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwatercalled"leads".Anyonewhofallsintoaleadcanbefrozentodeathinafewminutes.64.Thereasonfortheicetobreakintotwoopeninglanesofwateris______.A.ThatthetemperaturesuddenlydropsB.thatthewaterundertheiceisfrozenC.ThattheoceanwaterundertheicemovesD.thatthesurfaceiscoveredwithlotsoficeTous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfacttheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashade(遮蔽)againstthesun.Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,backintheeleventhcenturyBC.WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandpower(权力).IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighofficeorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens.61.Ancientpeoplefirstusedumbrellasas________.A.asymbolofhonorB.protectionagainstthesunC.asymbolofpowerD.protectionagainsttherain62.Accordingtothepassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient________.A.EgyptB.BabylonC.RomeD.China63.Theunderlinedword"royal"mightmean________inChinese.A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中产的D.平民的