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第一课时词的类别知识点讲解一、词类的概括英语中的单词可以分为两种十类。一种是实词,包括:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和数词;另一种是虚词,包括:冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。实词可以在句子中独立作句子成分,虚词在句子中不能独立作句子成分。二、词的具体类别(实词和虚词)(1)实词①名词(Noun):表示人或事物的名称。例如:男孩boy;书book②代词(Pronoun):代替名词、数词等。例如:我们we;许多many③动词(Verb):表示动作或状态。例如:去go;是be④数词(Numeral):表示数量或顺序。例如:五five;第一first⑤形容词(Adjective):用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。例如:高的tall;好的good⑥副词(Adverb):用以修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示动作或状态的特征。例如:慢慢地slowly;非常very(2)虚词①冠词(Article):用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。例如:一a,an;这,那the②介词(Preposition):用在名词、代词等的前面,说明它与别的词之间的关系。例如:在……里面in;关于about③连词(Conjunction):用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子。例如:和and;但but④感叹词(Interjection):表示说话时的感情或口气。例如:oh哦;ah啊第二课时冠词一.概念冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.\n冠词可分为:定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲(1)不定冠词:a用于辅音发音开头的词前,如:abook;an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:anapple,anhour.请区别:ausefulmachine,anumbrella,a“u”,an“h”。1.不定冠词的基本用法①.a/an用于单数可数名词前,表示“一”。abookaboyamanabirdadoganhour【练习】判断正误:astory()abread()apaper()abag()aprettywoman()aschool()ausefulbook()②.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。 例如: Thatisapen,notapencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类) Givehimapear,please! 请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个) Listen!Aboyissingingintheclassroom. ③.和one的区别:a/an表示类别种类One强调数量abus(表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车)\nonebus(强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)Thereisacatunderthechair. 椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)Thereisonecatunderthechair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)④.表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。例如:threetimesaday,10yuanakilosixclassadaythirtymilesanhour等。⑤.用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业。Myfatherisafactorymanager.我父亲是一个工厂经理。⑥.用在某些表示数量的词组中alotof许多acoupleof一对agreatmany很多agreatdealof大量adozen一打(但也可用onedozen)⑦表示“同一”Thetwogirlsarenearlyofanage.这两个女孩几乎同岁。⑧第一次提到的人或事,但不特别指明是哪一个。Thereisadoglyingatthedoor.在门口躺着一条狗。2.不定冠词的特殊用法①用在sucha/an,quitea/an句式中。Sheisquiteagoodteacher.她是一个相当好的老师。\n②用在what引导的感叹句中。Whatagooddoctorheis!他是一个多么好的医生啊!3.不定冠词的习惯用法①与时间有关的短语amomentago一会儿前allofasudden突然withasmile微笑着justaminute/moment一会儿②与一些常用动词搭配构成givealecture举行讲座takeaninterestin对……感兴趣makeapromise许诺(2)定冠词:1.含义①the表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。thebookinmybagtheboyunderthetreetheapplesinthebasketthehospitalnearmyhome②可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。thebooksthebookthericethebreadthefootballtheoldmantheinterestingbooktheteachersthewomen\n2.基本用法①定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。 Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗? BeijingisthecapitalofChina. 北京是中国的首都。②再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:Tomhasanapple,Theappleisbigandred.Thereisaboyunderthetree.Theboyismybrother.③指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:Let’sgoandgiveittotheteacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Openthedoor,please!请打开门。④用于某些固定词组中。 例如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。⑤用在形容词前表示一类人。theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富裕的人thepoor_________thedeaf__________theblind____________⑥用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。 例如:TheWhitesarespendingtheirholidayinEngland. \nTheGreenscametoChinatwoyearsago.⑦用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城theSummerPlace颐和园theUnitedStates美国theOctoberRevolution十月革命theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy中国人民解放军theLongMarch长征⑨用在序数词或形容词最高级前ThefirstthingIwanttosayistolistencarefullyinclass.Heisthetallestoneinourclass.⑩世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)theglobe太阳系theuniverse宇宙theatmosphere大气层Thesunrisesintheeast.Theearthgoesroundthesun.⑪在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。inthe1980s或inthe1980’s20世纪80年代inthenineteenthcentury二十世纪⑫.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。theChangjangRiver长江\ntheWestLake西湖thePacificOcean太平洋⑬.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:inthebox,behindthechair。⑭不能用定冠词the的几个方面:在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:insummer,inAugust请区别:inthespringof1945.(这里表示特指,故加the)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:havebreakfast,playfootball一些固定词组中,如:gotobed,gotoschool,bybus,atnight.⑮在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:infrontof在…前面,inthefrontof在…范围内的前部inhospital(生病)住院,inthehospital在医院里。四、零冠词:一、定义所谓零冠词,即指不使用冠词的情况:二、用法:(1)在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词Thedeskismadeofwood.Whatiswork?Workisstruggle\n(2)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,ChinaMaryLileiMr.Green(3)在星期、月份,季节等名词前;SundayMarchsummerwinter(4)名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时(this,my,that,those,these,her)如:thismorningmypenyourwatchwhosebike等(5)在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如:havebreakfastplaychessplaybasketball(注意1.在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴playthepianoplaytheviolin注意2.但三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外)(6)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;bybusbytrainbycarbyairbybikebyplane(注意如果用介词on表示乘坐交通工具必须用a或an来表示如inabusonabike等)(7)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)\n(8)泛指一类人或事物Menarecleverthanmonkeys.人比猴子聪明。第三课时巩固练习冠词填空1.Thereis_______ pictureof_______ elephanton_______ wall.2.Thisis_______ usefulbook.I'vereaditfor_______ hour.3._______ elephantismuchheavierthan_______ horse.4._______ doctortoldhimtotake_______ medicinethreetimes_______ day.5.Let'sgooutfor_______ walk.6.It'stoohot.Open_______ door,please.7.Thereis_______ womanoverthere._______ womanisMeimei'smother.8._______ sunrisesin_______ east.9._______ ChangjiangRiveris_______ longestriverin_______ China.10.Areyougoingtodoit_______ secondtime?11.Washingtonis_______ capitalof_______ USA.12._______ Turnersarelivingattheendof_______ TurnerStreet.13.Hejoinedthearmyin_______ springof_______ 1995.14._______ oldmanis_______ teacher.Helikesplaying_______ basketballafter_______ supper.15.AfterIhad_______ quickbreakfast,Ihurriedtoschool.16.Are_______ sheepkeptby_______ farmersforproducing_______ wooland_______ meat?17.Theywentto_______ People'sPark,butwebothwentto_______ People'sCinemayesterday.18.Ioftenwatch_______ TVin_______ evening.19._______ dayof_______ December20,1999isMonday.20.Tomorrowis_______ ChristmasDayandmyfatherandIwenttochoose _______ Christmastreetoday.\n21.Ithink_______ mathsismoreimportantthananyothersubject.22.Heoftengoesto_______ schoolby_______ bike.23.Whatdoesthis_______ wordmean,_______ Father?24.What_______ importantnews!选择填空1.—DoesJimhave_______ ruler? —Yes,hehas_______ . A.an;some B.a;one C.a;/ D.any;one2.Thereis_______ oldbike._______ oldbikeisMrZhao's. A.an;The B.the;An C.a;The D.the;The3._______ appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway. A.The B.A C.An D.Two4.—Howmanybooksdoyouhave? —Ihave_______ book.That's_______ Englishbook. A.a;an B.a;oneC.one;an D.one;one5.AtthattimeTomwas_______ one-year-oldbaby. A.a B.an C.the D./6._______ tigeris_______ China. A.The;a B.A;the C.The;from D.The;the7.Wecan'tsee_______ sunat_______ night. A.the;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;/8._______ usefulbookitis! A.Whatan B.Howa C.Whata D.What9.Oneafternoonhefound_______ handbag.Therewas_______ “s”onthecornerof_______ handbag. A.a;an;the B.a;a;the C.an;an;an D.the;a;a10._______ oldladywithwhitehairspoke_______ Englishwellat_______ meeting. A.An;an;a B.The;/;an C.The;/;a D.The;/;the11._______ GreatWallis_______ longestwallintheworld. A.A;a B.The;the C.A;the D.The;a12._______ newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver. A.The;a B.A;/ C.A;the D.An;the13._______ womanoverthereis_______ popularteacherinourschool.\n A.A;an B.The;a C.The;the D.A;the14.Heusedtobe_______ teacherbutlaterheturned_______ writer. A.a;a B.a;the C./;a D.a;/15.Theymadehim_______ king. A.a B.the C.an D./16.Hisfatheris_______ Englishteacher.Heworksinourschool. A.a B.an C.the D./17.Ishe_______ Americanboy? A.an B.a C.one D./18.DoesTomoftenplay_______ footballafter_______ school? A./;/ B./;the C.the;/ D.a;/19.Theypassedourschool_______ daybeforeyesterday. A.an B.one C.a D.the20.Australiais_______ English-speakingcountry. A.a B.an C.the D./21.Shehas_______ orangeskirt._______ skirtisnice. A.a;The B.an;The C.an;A D.the;The22.Thisis_______ apple.It's_______ bigapple. A.an;a B.a;the C.a;an D.an;the23.Lookat_______ horseoverthere. A.a B.an C.the D./24.Don'tplay_______ basketballhere.It'sdangerous. A.a B.an C./ D.the25.Thereis_______ oldwomaninthecar. A./ B.the C.a D.an26.Beijingis_______ beautifulcity.It's_______ capitalofChina. A.a;a B.the;the C./;the D.a;the27.Shanghaiisin_______ eastofChina. A./ B.an C.a D.the28.I'vebeenastudenttherefornearlytwoand_______ halfyears. A.a B.an C.the D./29.Billis_______ Englishteacher.Helikesplaying_______ football. A.a;the B.an;the C.a;/ D.an;/\n A.an30.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalf_______ hourtogetthereby_______ bus.;/ B.an;a C.a;/ D./;/