初中英语名词专项 20页

名词语法复习\n名词是表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。\n名词的种类专有名词：普通名词：可数：不可数：个体名词nurse,house,horse,apple,pen集体名词people,family,class,trousers物质名词：water,paper,air,milk抽象名词：work,housework,homework,information,news,weather专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、国家名、景观名、公共节日及月份等等都是属于专有名词。如：YaoMing,China,March,NewYear’sDay等。专有名词是特定的或独一无二的人或事物。\n名词的单数形式一般可用_____来修饰acarabookanelephantanappleaneraser_____hour____honestboy____interestingbook.请注意：___usefulthing___unusualthing___univercity___MP3anananaanaanaan在元音音素开头的单词前用_____\n名词的复数形式1.复数形式的构成方法(1)一般在名词后加“s”dog–dogs(2)以______________结尾的名词加“es”boxeswatchesbusesbrushes(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”country–countriesfactory–factories如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加___s、x、ch、sh“s”boy–boysmonkey–monkeys\n(4)以o结尾的名词加____radio–radioszoo–zoos______________________加“es”构成复数potato–potatoestomato–tomatoes(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”wife–shelf–“s”potato,tomato和herowivesshelvesknivesleavesknife–leaf–\n(6)可数名词的不规则变化a.单复数同形Chinese–Chinese,Japanese–Japanese,fish–fish,sheep–sheep,deer-deerb.变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feetgoose-geese\nc.变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)\n\n(7)有些名词无单数形式。如：people(作“人们”解时)policeclothes.(8)pants,shorts,glasses(眼镜)只用复数形式。(9)由man,woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man,woman都变成复数。如：mandriver→mendriverswomanteacher→womenteachers但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：abananatree→aboystudents→bananatreesboystudents\n不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。另外还有：medicinewoodworktimespacemusicmoneychangeweatherhomeworkinformationnewsadviceknowledge\n1.不可数名词无复数形式，作主语时常看成_____盘子里有一些面包。Thereissomebreadontheplate.没有消息就是好消息。Nonewsisgoodnews.单数muchlittle\n3.常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量,Thereisapieceofpaperonthedesk.注意：可数名词也可用量来表示，of后用复数Therearetwobagsofeggsinthebasket.桌子上有一张纸。篮子里有两袋鸡蛋。\n4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同(1)glass(玻璃)–aglasspaper(纸)–apaperwork(工作)–aworkroom(空间)–aroomtime(时间)–times(2)fruit(水果)–fruitsfish(鱼)–fishes(玻璃杯)(报纸)(著作)(房间)(时代)(各种水果)(各种鱼)\n1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA\n5.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife6.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC\nHisfamily___notpooranymore.他家再也不穷了。Ihopeyourfamily____quitewell.我希望你的家人身体都很好。isare\n典型例题解析1.TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.()2.TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.()3.Theyoungisdancingthere.()4.Theyoungaredancingthere.()5.Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.()6.Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.()7.WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting.()8.WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.()9.ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()10.ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.()√√√√√ⅩⅩⅩⅩⅩ\n指点迷津isisisisamNOUN.Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.NeitherhenorI_____(are,am)anAmerican.\n