初中英语之动词 42页

模块四：动词一、动词分类：（一）按词义和句中的作用：类别特点意义举例实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思Ihaveabook..不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语Shealwayscomeslate.系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思Iamastudent.助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.（二）短语动词构成方式举例动词+介词Lookat,lookafter动词+副词Giveup,sitdown动词+副词+介词Catchupwith,lookdownupon动词+名词+介词Takecareof,payattentiontoBe+形容词+介词Beproudof,beafraidof复杂结构Makeupone’smind,windone’sway（三）按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词1、谓语动词形式意义举例人称与主语在人称一致Iamreadingnow.第一人称数与主语在数上一致Hewriteswell.第三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动2、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语Ittakesme20minutestogotoschool.动名词起名词作用作主语和宾语Shelikesreading.分词现在分词Thecupisbroken\n起形容词、副词作用，表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语Iheardhimcrying.二、系动词：（一）Be动词：be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法： 1、系动词be：be为连系动词，中心词义是"是"，句型为"主＋系＋表"结构。其变化形式主要如下：1）现在式：am, is, are2）过去式：was, were3）助动词/情态动词＋原形：will/can/may/must be4）助动词＋过去分词：have/has/had been。 　　To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)　　The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)　　It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)　　She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)　　2、助动词be：助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。其用法如下：　　1）构成进行时态：be+doing。有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：　　The girls is reading and copying the new words now.　　Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.　　2） 构成被动语态：be+done。(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：　　Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)　　This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)　　Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)　　How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)　　That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)3） 构成将来时：A.be+going to do表示"打算或将要做某事"，be有现在和过去两种形式：　　We are going to plant trees in the park.　　I didn’t know if she was going to come here.　　B. be+to do，表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如：　　The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.　　3、there be句型：there be句式为：there be+主语部分＋状语部分，表示"某处存在某物"，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等：　　Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.　　There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt. 　　Will there be a football match in your school next week? 4、实义动词be：将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等。如：His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.Jim has been in China for morethan two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.（二）一些表示感受的动词和表示状态的动词：feel,look,sound,smell,taste,touch（表示感受）；become,keep,\nget,turn,grow,seem（表示状态）Sheamfeelingbetter.Thesoupsmellsnice.Theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.Herfaceturnedred.Youmustkeephealthy.【基础练习】（一）选择最佳答案：（）1.Mybrother____ateacher.He____hispupilsverymuch.  A.is,like          B.is,likes          C.are,likes        D.are,like（）2.A:Howmanydays____thereinaweek?      B:There____seven.  A.is,is            B.are,are          C.is,are          D.are,is（） 3.I____tiredlastnight.  A.became        B.felt         C.looked        D.am（） 4.Herface____pale（苍白）whensheheardthebadnews.  A.got        B.is      C.turned          D.was（） 5.You____pale.What'swrongwithyou?  A.turn        B.seem      C.look      D.become（） 6.Theboy____illtoday.  A.are           B.is       C.be         D.am（） 7.Which____bigger,thesunorthemoon?  A.are         B.is         C.be          D./（） 8.NeithershenorI____adoctor.  A.amnot      B.am      C.are      D.is（） 9.I____aworkernextyear.  A.am              B.willbe          C.be              D.will（）10.Hervoice____likemymother's.  A.sounds          B.sound          C.looks          D.look（）11.Itoftenrainsandthecrops____fast.  A.get              B.turn            C.grow          D.become（）12.A:Howareyou____now?      B:Muchbetter,thankyou.  A.getting              B.feeling          C.making          D.turning（）13.Theteacher'ssmilemademe____better.  A.feel            B.tofeel          C.feeling          D.felt（）14.MyEnglishteacher____.  A.alllookyoung                      B.looksyoung  C.lookyoung                        D.alllooksyoung（）15.I____busynow,butI____freenextweek.  A.am,am        B.am,will        C.am,willbe      D.being,willbe （）16.I____atthisschoolforabouttwomonths.  A.am              B.willbe          C.havebeen      D.\nwas （）17.Mybrother____intheLeagueforaboutfiveyears.  A.havebeen      B.hasbeen        C.was            D.is （）18.Cometomyofficeifyou____freetomorrow.  A.are              B.willbe          C.was            D.is （）19.Ifwater____heated,itwillbe____intovapour（蒸气）.  A.was,turned          B.is,turned        C.is.get          D.was,got （）20.Ifyoudon'ttakebackwhatyoujustsaid,Mother____angry.  A.is              B.willbe          C.get              D.feels（）21.Neitherofus____adoctor.  A.am              B.are              C.is              D.were （）22.He____afamouswriter.  A.turns            B.become        C.hasbecome          D.hasturned （）23.Thegirl'sface____red.  A.turned          B.got              C.feel            D.look （）24.He____veryglad.  A.looked          B.turned          C.feel            D.looks （）25.Theflowers____fragrant（芳香）.  A.get              B.smells          C.smell            D.feels （）26.Thetable____verysmooth.  A.look            B.turn            C.feels            D.smell （）27.Jack____youngerthanTom.  A.look            B.feel            C.feels            D.looks （）28.Shelooks____.  A.happy          B.tobehappy      C.happily          D.thatsheishappy（二）用smell，taste，go，get，become，grow，seem，look，feel，turn的适当形式填空：  1.You_  _  __veryyoung.  2.Atfirstthosequestions_  _  __easy,butlaterIfoundthemdifficult.  3.Afterthesportsmeeting,he_  _  __verytired.  4.Myyoungerbrother_  _  __astudentlastyear.  5.Whenwe_  _  __up,we'regoingtohelpbuildupourcountry.  6.Theflowers_  _  __verysweet.  7.Herface_  _  __red.  8.Jack_  _  __veryhappy.  9.Themooncake_  _  __good.  10.Themeat_  _  __bad.三、情态动词：【语法回顾】情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。常见的情态动词有：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等,另外,haveto、hadbetter也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。\n1、can和beableto1）can/could表示能力；可能（过去时用could）,只用于现在式和过去式（could）。beableto可以用于各种时态。例如：Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用beableto的情况：a.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。c.表示过去某时刻动作时。d.用于句首表示条件。e.表示成功地做了某事时，用was/wereableto，不能用could。例如：HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。注意：could有时不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?我能看电视吗？---Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。　2、may和might表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测。例如：Hemightbeathome.他可能在家。注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。3、haveto和must1）两词都是'必须'的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.　弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2）haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。3）否定结构中：don'thaveto表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.　你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.　　　　你不得把这件事告诉他。4、must表示推测1）must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：Hemustbestayingthere.他现在肯定在那里。　　　Hemuststaythere.他必须呆在那。2）否定推测用can't。例如：IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.　如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。5、should和oughtto表示"想必一定，按理应该"的意思。例如：Ioughttobeabletoliveonmysalary.靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。\nTheyshouldbetherebynow,Ithink.现在他们该到那儿了。6、hadbetter表示"最好"，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。Itisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。She'dbetternotplaywiththedog.她最好不要玩耍那条狗。7、wouldrather表示"宁愿"wouldratherdowouldrathernotdowouldrather…than…　宁愿…而不愿。Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。8、will和would1）wouldlike；wouldliketodo=wantto想要，为固定搭配。例如：Wouldyouliketogowithme?想和我一块去吗？2）Willyou…?　Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。例如：Wouldyoulikesomecake?吃点蛋糕吧。3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would,won'tyou是一种委婉语气。Won'tyousitdown?你不坐下吗？9、need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时,后面的to时常可以被省略。1）实义动词：need（需要,要求）need+n./todosth2）情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为neednot。例如：Needyougoyet?你要走了吗？Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。9、情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Needyou…?Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn'tMustyou…?　No,Idon'thaveto.10、带to的情态动词带to的情态动词有：oughtto,haveto,usedto,它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：Dotheyhavetopaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?他们必须在月底前付帐单吗？Shedidn'tusetoplaytennisbeforeshewasfourteen.在她十四岁前，她不会打网球。Yououghtnottohavetoldherallaboutit.你不应该告诉他所有这件事。Oughthetoseeaheartspecialistatonce.?【说明】oughtto本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do等助动词协助。【考点诠释】（一）考查情态动词的基本用法一些情态动词的常用的意义往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须准确理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。\n1．must和haveto两者都表示“必须”的意思，但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度；haveto则表示客观上的需要。【考例】--Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?--Yes,we_______.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.[太原市]A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto[答案]C。[解析]此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。【考例】--Ididn'tpassthemathtest.IthinkIhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesrecently.--Iagree.You_____playlikethatanymore.[河南省]A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.wouldn't[答案]B。[解析]此处选mustn't。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。【考例】Whentrafficlightsarered.We_________stopandwait.[南京市]A.mayB.canC.mustD.might.[答案]C。[解析]考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。【考例】一Ireallylikeplayingcomputergames!一I'mafraidyou________stop，foryourstudyandyourhealth.[07宜昌市]A.amB.willC．mayD．must[答案]D。[解析]答语意思为“为了你的学习和健康，恐怕你必须停止玩电脑游戏”，所以must最恰当。2．can和could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。【考例】--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Ofcourseyou____________.[陕西省]A.canB.mustC.shouldD.will[答案]A。[解析]上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。【考例】--Listen!IsTomsingingintheclassroom?--No.It________beTom.HehasgonetoParis.[长沙市]A.maynotB.needn'tC.can'tD.mustn’t[答案]C。[解析]因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。【考例】一Mary，__________youspeakChinese?一Yes，onlyalittle．[北京市]AmustBneedCmayD．can[答案]D。[解析]考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?…“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够。3．shall和shouldshall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。\nshould用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用oughtto替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schools_________allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.[安徽省]A.wouldB.mightC.shouldD.could[答案]C。[解析]此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当…‘应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。4．hadbetter和wouldrather“hadbetter+动词原形”意为“最好做……”，否定句式为hadbetternot。“wouldrather+动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为wouldrathernot。【考例】---Bob，mayI__yourMP4?一Sure．Butyou'dbetternot_________ittoothers．[福州市]A．lend；lendBlend；borrowCborrow；borrowD．borrow；lend[答案]D。[解析]本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.borrow和lend是一组反义词，都是“借”的意思，但相对句子主语来说，borrow意为“借人”；lend意为“借出”。由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。【考例】--Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?--Iwouldrather_______athomethanfootball.It'stoohotoutside.[南京]A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.tostay;toplayD.tostay;playing[答案]：A。[解析]本题考查了wouldrather的固定短语的应用。译文为:萨姆，今天下午出去打球怎么样？和踢足球相比，我宁愿呆在家里，外面太热。WouldratherdoAthandoB和做B比起来，宁愿做A。5．usedto“usedto+动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事”或表示过去的一种惯常状态。【考例】Heusedto________inthesun,butnowheisusedtoatnight.[兰州]A.read,readB.reading,readC.read,readingD.reading,reading[答案]：C。[解析]考查固定结构的用法。Used后接动词不定时，beusedto后接动名词。故选C。（二）考查情态动词表推测的用法1．对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must，should，may(might)或can(could)，其中，must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(migt)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。否定推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用may／might／couldnot，意为“可能不”、“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用can't，意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【考例】You________betiredafterworkingforeighthourswithoutarest.[广东省]A.canB.mayC.mustD.need[答案]C。[解析]本题考查情态动词must，can，may，need的区别。本题由题意人手，“你工作了八个小时没有休息肯定很累。”情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。\n一Lookattheboyrunningontheground．IsitDavis?—It____behim．Isawhimgototheteacher'sofficejustnow．[黄冈市]A．mustBcan'tC．couldD．might[答案]B。[解析]考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用can't。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。【基础练习】()1.---MayItakethisbookout?---No,you_____.A.can'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.aren't()2.You_____goandseeadoctoratoncebecauseyou'regotafever.A.canB.mustC.mayD.will()3.---CanyouspeakJapanese?---No,I______.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.maynot()4.()5.---ShallIgetonemorecakeforyou,Dad?---Thanks,butyou______,I'vehadenough.A.maynotB.mustnotC.can'tD.needn't()6.Heisn'tatschool.Ithinkhe______beill.A.canB.shallC.mustD.hasto()7.______Itakethisone?A.MayB.WillC.AreD.Do()8.Thechildren______playfootballontheroad.A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must()9.You______belateforschoolagainnexttime.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.don'thavetoD.don'tneedto()10.---MustIdomyhomeworkatonce?---No,you______.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot()11.Hisarmisallright.He______goandseethedoctor.A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto()12.Hehadbetterstayhere,______he?A.didn'tB.don'tC.hadn'tD.isn't()13.You'dbetter_______latenexttime.A.nottobeB.notbeC.won'tbeD.don'tbe()14.---ShallwegoandvisittheHistoryMuseumnextSunday?---________.A.HereyouareB.Sorry,Ican'tC.Yes,pleaseD.Letmetry()15.---Whydon'tyouaskMiketogowithus?---Thanks,_______.A.IwillB.Iwon'tC.IcanD.Imay()16.Excuseme._______youpleasepassmethatcup?\nA.DoB.ShouldC.WouldD.Must()17.---Wouldyouliketogoboatingwithus?---Yes,_______.A.I'dlikeB.IwantC.I'dliketoD.Ido()18.You_______worryaboutyourson.Hewillgetwellsoon.A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.haveto四、动词时态：I.一般现在时：（一）一般现在时的功能：1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。　2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。　　【重点】3、表示客观现实。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。　　（二）一般现在时的构成：　　1、be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。　　2、行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。　　（三）一般现在时的变化　　1.、be动词的变化：　　A.否定句：主语+be+not+其它。　　Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。　　B.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。　　---Areyouastudent?　---Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.　　C.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。Whereismybike?　　2、行为动词的变化：　A.否定句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。　Idon'tlikebread.　　Hedoesn'toftenplay.　　B.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。　---Doyouoftenplayfootball?　　---Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.　　　---Doesshegotoworkbybike?　---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.　　C.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。Howdoesyourfathergotowork?【基础练习】（一）用括号内动词的适当形式填空：1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.\n2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.II.一般过去时：（一）概说：1.定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。2.结构：“主语+动词的过去式”（二）用法：1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。　Hewashereyesterday.　Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。　Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.【重点】　3.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：　atthattime,then,atthatmoment,yesterday,yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening…),lastnight(week,month,year…),一段时间+ago(severaldaysago),twodaysago,aweekago,threeyearsago,in1990,justnow,longbefore,longlongago.（三）句型转化：1．be动词的过去时的句型如下：　1)否定句：主语+be动词的过去式（was,were）+not…　2)疑问句：be动词的过去式（was,were）+主语…？　　a.Hewasbusyyesterday.(肯定句)他昨天很忙。　　b.Hewasnotbusyyesterday.(否定句)他昨天不忙。　　c.Washebusyyesterday?(疑问句)他昨天忙吗？　　d.Thereweren’tanyboysintheroom.房间里没有男孩儿。　　e.Werethereanyboysintheroom?房间里有男孩儿吗？\n2．行为动词的否定式和疑问式：　1）否定式：若肯定句中只有一个行为动词,那就得在行为动词前加上didnot或缩略式didn’t,并把这个行为动词由过去式改为动词原形。　a.IcalledLinTaoyesterdayafternoon.→Ididnot/didn’tcallLinTaoyesterdayafternoon.　b.IborrowedabookfromSunYanglastSunday.→Ididn’tborrowabookfromSunYanglastSunday.　2)一般疑问式：若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式,那就得在句首加上一个助动词did来帮助提问,然后把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形,并在句末打上问号。回答时别忘了还用did。　a.Westayedtherefor10dayslastmonth.→Didyoustaytherefor10dayslastmonth?Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.　b.Maryhadadeliciousdinneryesterdayevening.→DidMaryhaveadeliciousdinneryesterdayevening?Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t【基础练习】（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.We______(live)inJapanlastyear.2.Susan_______(stop)thecaronthestreetyesterday.3.Mymother_______(clean)myroomand______(study)fortheEnglishtestlastSunday.4.What______you______(do)lastnight?5.OnSaturdaymorningI_____(play)football.6.May__________(finish)herhomeworkverylateyesterdayevening.7.HanMei__________(bring)herpettotheparkthatday.8.Hisfather__________(buy)anewcomputerforhimlastweek.9.MissDu__________(walk)toworkeverydaylastterm.10.We__________(move)toShenyang8yearsago.11.__________you__________(have)breadforbreakfastthismorning?12.She__________(give)meanicepresentlastnight.13.Thepolice__________(stop)thecarand__________(catch)thethief(小偷)justnow.14.Tom__________(carry)waterfortheoldmanlastSaturday.15.UncleWang_____________(come)intotheroomand__________(find)somethingtoeat.（二）选择：()1.Thetwo_______inthesameclasslastyear.　A.are　B.was　C.wereD.is()2.---Where_______you______?　　----Iwenttobuysomefoodforsupper.　A.are;go　B.did;go　C.do;goD.does;go()3.ThestudentsinLiLei’sclass________onafarmlastweek.　A.work　B.works　C.workedD.willwork()4.________thatworker_______inashoefactoryayearago?　A.Do,work　B.Did,worked　C.Did,workD.Does,work()5.---Haveyoufoundyourpen?　----Yes,I________ittwohoursago.\n　A.found　B.find　C.findedD.finds()6._______yourmother________toworklastSaturday?A.Did,go　B.Do,go　C.Does,goD.Did,went()7.They________notlatethedaybeforeyesterday.　A.did　B.were　C.areD.was()8.________theyawayfromschoollastOctober?　A.Did　B.Were　C.DoD.Willbe()9.________you_________toschoollastSunday?　A.Did,come　B.Do,come　C.Were,comeD.Was,come()10.What________they________forbreakfastlastweek?　A.were,have　B.did,have　C.will,haveD.was,haveIII.现在进行时：（一）结构：be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词（v-ing）（二）基本用法：1、表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。　　Wearewaitingforyou.They’retravelinginIndia.It’ssnowinghard.天正下着大雪。2、习惯进行：表示现阶段发生的事，说话时动作未必正在进行。　　Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.　　　SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.3、表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。　　Theleavesareturningred.　　It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.4、与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。　　Youarealwayschangingyourmind.（三）特殊用法：1、现在进行时表示将来动作：现在进行时还常可以用来表示将来的动作，特别是在口语中，这时常有一个表示未来时间的状语，多指已计划安排好的事：A.I’mflyingtoHongKongtomorrow.我明天飞去香港。B.---Areyoudoinganythingtomorrowafternoon?---Yes,I’mplayingtenniswithBetty.—你明天下午有活动吗？—有，我要和贝蒂打网球。2、现在进行时也可用在时间和条件从句中：Youcandosomereadingwhileyouarewaitingforthetrain.你在等火车的时候可以看看书。【基础练习】（一）用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy______________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls____________(sing)intheclassroom.\n3.Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What________you_________(do)now?5.Look.They____________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They__________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We___________(have)suppernow10.______Helen__________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.（二）句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________IV.过去进行时：（一）基本用法：1、过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。常用的时间状语thismorning，thewholemorning，alldayyesterday，fromninetotenlastevening，when，while。例如：     WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight. 　　WhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday?　 　Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.　　Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.　　　WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.2、过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：　　Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday? 　　　WhenIsawhimhewasdecoratinghisroom.(when从句表示时间点)3、在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：　　Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)　　HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.　　他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)\n【基础练习】I.Choosethebestanswer.1.Mybrother_______whilehe_______hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.hadfallen,rodeD.hadfallen,wasriding2.Tom_______intothehousewhennoone_______. A.slipped,waslookingB.hadslipped,lookedC.slipped,hadlookedD.wasslipping,looked3.ThelasttimeI______Janeshe_______cottoninthefields. A.hadseen,waspickingB.saw,pickedC.hadseen,pickedD.saw,waspicking4.Idon'tthinkJimsawme;he_______intospace. A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared5.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime. A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked6.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!  ---Oh,I'mterriblysorry.________. A.I'mnotnoticingB.Iwasn'tnoticingC.Ihaven'tnoticedD.Idon'tnotice7.ThereportersaidthattheUFO_______easttowestwhenhesawit. A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel8.I_______mybreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame. A.hadB.hadbeenhavingC.havebeenhavingD.washaving9.WhenIarrivedathisoffice,he_______onthephone. A.wasspeakingB.spokeC.hadbeenspeakingD.hadspoken10.“What'sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.” “Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I_______ofmyfriendsbackhome.” A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejustthoughtII.Fillintheblanks.1.John_______（work）alldayyesterday.2.He_______（walk）homewhentherain_______（begin）.3.—What______you_______（do）atteno'clockyesterday﹖—I_______（study）inclass．4.WhenHarry_______（have）breakfastLily_______（telephone）him．5.WhenI________（go）toschoolthismorningI______（see）acarrunningintoabus．6.ThistimeyesterdayJack______(mend)hisbike.7.I______(write)aletterattenlastnight.\n8.Itwassix.TheGreens______(have)supper.9.Whenyou______(knock)atthedooryesterday,I______(do)somewashing.10.Whilemymother______(watch)TV,I______(make)akite.参考答案：II.Fillintheblanks.1.wasworking2.waswalking;began3.were,doing;wasstudying4.washaving;telephoned5.wasgoing;saw6.wasmending7.waswriting8.knocked;wasdoing9.waswctching;wasmakingV.一般将来时：（一）概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。（二）结构：1.肯定句式：①begoingto+do；②will+do.2.否定句式：①be+not；②will+not→won’t.3.疑问句式：①be+主语+goingto+do；②will+主语+do；③shall+we/I+do.I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?4.特殊疑问句式：1）问人：Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2）问干什么：What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3）问什么时候：When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?[说明]begoingto一般可同will互换。Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.5.另外两种可以表示一般将来时的结构：【难点】1）be+to+动词原形：指按计划或正式安排将发生的事：Wearetotalkabouttheplantonight.2）beaboutto+动词原形：“即将……”：Heisabouttogoabroad.\n【基础练习】用下列动词的适当形式填空：1.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.4.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________(watch)TVand________(catch)insects?5.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She______________(watch)TVand_____________(catch)insects.6.What___________(do)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.7.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.8.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.9.David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.10.I________________(plan)formystudynow.VI.现在完成时：（一）概念：现在完成时①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,②也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。1．结构：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)2．句式：1）否定式：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他。　2）疑问式及简略答语:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?　:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)/No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)（二）现在完成时的基本用法：1.现在完成时表示一件已经发生的事，这事往往与现在情况有联系：I’velostmykey.我的钥匙丢了。（因此无法进屋）She’sgonetotown.她进城去了。（现在在城里）I’vegotaletterfrommyaunt.我收到姨妈的一封信。（因此知道她的近况）Thelifthasbrokendown.电梯坏了。（因此无法进屋）2.常可和just,already,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,before这类副词（标志词）连用：He’sjustleft.他刚走。Hashephonedyouyet?–No,notyet.（否定、疑问）—他给你打电话了吗？—还没有。Janehasrungmeupthreetimesthismorningalready.简今天早上已经给我打过三次电话。Therainhasalreadystopped.雨已经停了。HaveyouseenLewisrecently?你最近见到过路易斯吗？Ihaveneverbrokenmyword.我从未违背过自己的诺言。Therehavebeensomechangeslately.近来有些变化。\n3.也可和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用：I’veseenlittleofherinthepastfewyears.过去几年中我很少见到她。Sofarhehasdoneverywellatschool.到现在为止他在学校表现很好。We’velivedhereforovertenyears.我们在这里住了十多年了。Ihaven’tseenhersinceJune.六月以来我就没见过她。Hashewrittensincehelefthome?他离家之后来过信吗？Howlonghaveyouknownher?你认识她多久了？4.也常常单独使用不需任何状语：Shehasfoundanewjob.她找到了一份新工作。Whohastakenmydictionaryaway?谁把我的字典拿走了？（三）有关现在完成时的几个问题：1.havegoneto和havebeento的差别：a.Havegoneto表示“到某地去了”，表示在途中或已到达目的地，此时不在说话地点。Shehasgonetoliveabroad.她到国外居住了。（她现在在国外）Thekidshavegonetothezoo.孩子们到动物园去了。（他们在动物园）WherehasMarygone?玛丽到哪儿去了？（她在哪里？）b.havebeen(to)表示“到（来）过某地”：HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?你去过香港吗？I’vebeentoEuropeseveraltimes.我去过欧洲几次。Who’sbeenhere?谁来过这里？（人已不在）HassheeverbeeninChina?她到过中国吗？后面还可跟不定式：I’vebeentoseemygrandmother.我去看我奶奶了。（现在已经回来）She’sbeentodosomeshopping.她出去买东西了。2.由since引导的从句中的时态：a.由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语用现在完成时）：We’vebeenfriendseversincewemetatschool.自在学校相遇以来，我们一直是朋友。MuchhaschangedsinceIwastherelasttime.自我上次到那里之后发生了许多变化。b.当表示“有多少时间”时，主句谓语可用一般现在时：It’stwoyearssinceIlefthome.我离家已经两年了。3.havegot的特殊用法： havegot在形式上是现在完成时，在意思上却和have相同：Haveyougot(=Doyouhave)atimetable?你有时刻表吗？I’vegotabadheadache.我头疼得很厉害。（四）现在完成时与一般现在时比较：1．基本结构：一般现在时：主语+动词原型/三单形式：Shelikesapples.现在完成时：主语+have/has+-ed分词（过去分词）：ShehasreturnedfromParis.2．用法比较：1）一般现在时：\na.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。　b.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。　　c.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。　　2）现在完成时：a.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Hehasalreadygotherhelp.　b.表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。HehasbeenanEnglishteachersince1992.【重点】（五）一般过去时与现在完成时比较：1．基本结构：一般过去时：主语+V-ed（动词的过去式）WewenttoChangfengParkyesterday.现在完成时：主语+have/has+-ed分词(过去分词)WehavebeentoChangfengPark.2.用法比较：1）一般过去时：a.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。b．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，句中常含有如yesterday之类的表示过去的时间状语。2)现在完成时：a.而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。b.现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，重点是强调现在的是影响。3．时间状语：1）一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,（具体的时间状语）2）现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,before(以前)4．动词搭配：1）现在完成时中有瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分：瞬间动词：come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等后面不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语。延续性动词：live,teach,learn,work,study,know.[说明]“终止”、“延续”要转换：英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性（瞬间动词）两种，在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性，当句中含有一段时间状语时应将这类瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。例如：Thefilmhasbegun.→Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.Hehasgone.→Hehasbeenawayfortenminutes.2）一般过去时中不存在瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）　Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）　\nWhohasn'thandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）　ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已从巴黎回来了。/Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回来了。　HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)/　HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)/HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.　(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)[强调]句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，一般不使用现在完成时，而要用过去时。　（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.　（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.（六）小结：【重点】1、现在完成时的标志词：already,yet,just,never,ever,sofar,for+时间,since+时间。【难点】2、初中阶段常见的有：leave---beaway,borrow---keep,buy---have,  begin/start---beon,  die---bedead, finish---beover, fallill--- beill, getup---beup,  become---be, catchacold---haveacold, gothere---bethere, comeback---beback, fallasleep---beasleep, puton→wear；goout---beout，getto/arrive/reach---be(in)open(v.)---beopen(adj.),join---bein+组织机构/beamemberof+组织机构 【基础练习】选择最佳答案：（）1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.　　Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow（）2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?　　Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still　（）3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？　　Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago（）4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.　　Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten（）5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.　　　—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.　　Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;good　　Ｃ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better（）6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.　　Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;study　　Ｃ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying　（）7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.　　Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew\n（）8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.　　Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see（）9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.　　—Really?When________there?　　Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygo　　Ｃ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone（）10、—______you______yourhomeworkyet?　　—Yes.I_______itamomentago.　　Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finished　　Ｃ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finishVII.过去将来时：（一）定义：过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。例如：Ididn’tknowifhewouldcome.我不知道他是否会来。Theyneverknewthatpopulationwouldbecomeabigproblem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。Shedidn’ttellmewhereshewouldgo.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。BettysaidshewouldvisittheGreatWallnextSaturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。（二）过去将来时的表达法：1、“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.他说他要来看我。HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告诉我他将去北京。2、“was/were+goingto+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。Shesaidshewasgoingtostartoffatonce.她说她将立即出发。Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.有人告诉我他准备回家。（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.她告诉我她要来看我。（四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。Ididn’tknowwhenshewouldcome，butwhenshecameIwouldletyouknow.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。TheteachersaidthatitwouldbeverydifficulttomakeprogressifIdidn’tworkhard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。【重点】（五）过去将来时典型错误例析：1.我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。误：Wedidn’tknowwhetherheisgoingtospeakatthemeeting.正：Wedidn’tknowwhetherhewasgoingtospeakatthemeeting.\n析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。2.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。误：TheteacheraskedTomwhathewasgoingtobewhenhewouldgrowup.正：TheteacheraskedTomwhathewasgoingtobewhenhegrewup.析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。3.他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。误：TheysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifitwouldnotrainthenextSunday.正：Theysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifitdidn’trainthenextSunday.析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。4.王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。误：WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatsheshouldbuysomebooks.正：WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatshewouldbuysomebooks.析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。5.上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。误：LasttimeIsawyou，youhadstartedtogotoTibetbytrain.正：LasttimeIsawyou，youweregoingtostarttogotoTibetbytrain.析：lasttime是一般过去时或过去将来时的显著标志。【基础练习】（一）单项选择：1.---Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn'tarrivedyet.---Well,hesaidhe_____hereontime.AcameBwouldcomeCcanbeDwillbe2.Assoonasthebabysawhermother,she________.A.wasgoingtocryB.cryedC.begantocryD.wascrying3.LiMingsaidhe________happyifBrian________toChinanextmonth.A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come4.Jennysaidshe_______herholidayinChina.A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend（二）填空：1Shesaidthebus__________(leave)atfivethenextmorning.2Iwasn'tsurewhetherhe__________(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.3Hewasfifty-six.Intwoyearshe__________(be)fifty-eight.4Whenevershehastime,she_________(help)themintheirwork..参考答案：（二）填空1.wouldleave2.wouldlend3.wouldbe4.willhelpVII.过去完成时：\n（一）概念：表示过去的过去，其构成是had+过去分词。（二）用法：　　1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。例如:　　Hehadgonetobedby10:00lastnight.(昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。)　　2.与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。例如：　　ThetrainhadstartedwhenIgottothestation.当我到达车站时火车已开走了。　　TheminuteIsawaladygettingoffthebus,Iknewitwasshe,forIhadseenherbefore.我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前看见过她。)　　【说明】使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by+过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的：　　Hehadgonetobedat10:00lastnight.　　若是要说“at10:00lastnight”就必须用一般过去时“Hewenttobed...”。请再观察下面的句子试比较：　　Ithadrainedyesterday.(误)　　Itrainedyesterday.(正)　　【说明】1)由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。　　2)除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外，应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。（三）过去完成时常用的连词有：before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas等。例如：　　HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.　　Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.　　Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.（四）常用语境：　　1.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。　　Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.　　2.状语从句　　在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：　　Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.　　典型例题：　　Thestudents________busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe____intheoffice.A.hadwritten,left　　B.werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleft　　D.werewriting,hadleft　　答案D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when代表时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。【考点诠释】一、对一般现在时考查1．考查其基本概念：\n一般现在时通常表示习惯性的、反复发生的动作。通常与表示频度的副词如often,sometimes,usually,always,occasionally等和时间状语如intheevening,atnight,twiceamonth,everyday/week/month/year,onSundays等连用。一般现在时可表示主语的特征、能力或状态以及普遍真理。【考例】Thewomanandherhusband__________inthesameoffice.[广东省]A.workB.worksC.isworkingD.hasworked[答案]A．[解析]本题考查时态。句意为“这个妇女和她丈夫在同一个办公室工作”。句中虽然没有时间状语，但是可以从句意上看出是经常性的动作，故用一般现在时；句子主语为复数，故动词用原形work。2．考查一般现在时的替代用法：在由when,after,before,until,till,assoonas,theminute/second/moment,thenexttime等引导的时间状语中或由if,so/aslongas,once,evenif,although,whether…or…,incase,whatever,whenever,wherever等引导的条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【考例】--I'msorrythatJohnisout.--Pleaseaskhimtocallmeassoonashe______________.[成都市]A.returnedB.returnsC.willreturnD.return[答案]B．[解析]考查以assoonas引导的从句。以assoonas引导的时间状语从句常以一般现在时代替一般将来时。二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,twodaysago,in,atthattime等。有时句子中虽然不含表示过去时间的状语，但根据语境可判断动作或状态已经发生，而且与现在没有任何联系，也需用一般过去时。【考例】一Whatdidyoudoafterschoolyesterday?一I________basketballwithmyfriends．[北京市]AplayBplayedCwillplayD．amplaying[答案]B．[解析]由上句“昨天放学后你在干什么？”句意可知对过去发生的事情询问，回答也应用过去式。故选B。【考例】一Mr.Green，____you____ThreeLanesandSevenAlleys(三坊七巷)lastSunday?一No．butI'llvisitthemnextweek.[福州市]A．will；gotoBhave；beentoCdid；gotoD．have；goneto[答案]C．[解析]本题是一个单纯考查时态的题目。A项是一般将来时，B、D两项是现在完成时，c项是一般过去时。句中有一个典型的表示过去时间的状语"lastSunday"，类似这样的时间状语，往往与一般过去时态的谓语动词连用，所以正确答案为C项。【考例】Hisfamilythezoolastweek.[吉林省]A.visitB.amvisitingC.visitedD.willvisit[答案]C．[解析]由关键信息lastweek(表过去)可直接选C。三、对一般将来时的考查一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般将来时有多种表达法：1．begoingtodo表示计划、安排或有迹象表明要发生的事情。2．“shall/will+do”单纯表示将来，不含计划、安排之意；有时表示主语的临时决断。3．beabouttodosth表示马上就要发生某事，通常不与时间状语连用，常用于beaboutto\ndo...when...结构,表示“正要……突然……”。4．某些主要用于表示动作转移的动词，如：come,go,leave,start,arrive,meet,move,sail,begin,fall,marry,publish,see,stay等，用现在时表示将来时，指的是按计划安排或时刻表要发生的事。5．“beto+动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定。6．祈使句+or/and+一般将来时态的并列句”句型中。7．Therewillbe;thereisgoingtobe句型。【考例】ItheCDstoyouifIhavetimetomorrow．[北京市]A.willreturnBreturnedChavereturnedDreturn[答案]A．[解析]考查if引导的主从复合句。以if引导的条件状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【考例】--Mum,whatareyoudoing?--Yourunclehascome.I_______putanextraforkonthetable.[太原市]A.willB.haveC.wouldD.had[答案]A．[解析]本题重在考查一般将来时的用法。从问句"Whatareyoudoing"推知A项will最适合语境。【考例】--Lookatthenoisykids!--Haven'tyouheardthesaying"Whenthecatisaway,themice________."?[河南省]A.playB.playedC.areplayingD.willplay[答案]D．[解析]谚语。固定用法。四、对现在进行时的考查现在进行时表示目前正在进行的动作或目前所处的状态。有些动词常用现在进行时态表示按计划或安排即将发生的事情。【考例】JackhasneverbeentoDisneylandbefore，buthe____therethissummer．[沈阳市]A．hasbeen．BisgoingCwentD．goes[答案]B．[解析]依据句意：“杰克以前没有去过迪斯尼乐园，但今年夏天他打算去。”isgoing正在进行时表将来，故选B。五、对现在完成时的考查现在完成时的用法主要有两点：1．过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有yet,already,just,ever,never,now,before,lately,recently。2．表示某动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。常用的时间状语有today,this week,these days,sofar,uptonow,since,eversince,sincethen,bythistime,foryears/ages,foralongtime,severaltimes,in/overthepastfewyears,“since+过去某一时刻”,“for+时间段”等。有时在时间或条件状语从句中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。3．对瞬间动词和延续性动词的用法区分的考查。【考例】Hearingthatshe______theentranceexamtotheuniversity，Fudyisthrilled．[青岛市]A．hasfailedinB.issucceededinC．isfailedinD．hassucceedin[答案]D。[解析]本题考查词义辨析由“听说他成功地通过了考试，Judy非常兴奋。”可知选D。【考例】—It'sraining!Whendiditstart?一Idon'tknowexactly．Infact，it_________allthisafternoon.[北京市]\nA1astsBhas1astedC．1astedD．will1ast[答案]B．[解析]考查现在完成时态。从句意“事实上，已持续了整整一个下午了”，不难看出，不能用一般过去时，此句中last"持续”作延续性动词。从信息"allthisafternoon"可知。【考例】--Areyougoingtoseethefilmwithus?--No,thanks.I_________it.[广东省]A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.wasseeing[答案]B．[解析]本题考查动词的时态。由对话的语境可推测句意“我已看过这部电影”，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，故应用现在完成时。【考例】--Hello,thisisLilyspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He_________theXuanwuLakePark.[南京市]A.hasbeentoB.wenttoC.hasgonetoD.willgoto[答案]C．[解析]考查现在完成时态。havegoneto(到某地去了，还没有回来)；havebeento(去过某地，已经回来了)。【考例】Jane_________.I'mwaitingforher.[成都市]A.camebackB.hascomebackC.hasn'tcomebackD.hadn’tcomeback[答案]C．[解析]考查现在完成时态。根据后句句意：“我正在等她”可知。六、对过去进行时的考查过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。过去进行时常用来解释某种行为的原因。过去进行时有时也可表示过去将来时。【考例】—DickgavemeanotewhileI___________inthelibrary．一Iguesshemadeittosay“sorry”toyou．[黄冈市]A．arereadingBwasreadingCreadsD．willread[答案]B．[解析]考查过去进行时态。while引导的句子，当主句用一般过去时的时候·从句用过去进行时态。【考例】--Icalledyouathalfpastninethismorning,buttherewasnoanswer.--Oh,sorry.I________withmycousininthesupermarket.[安徽省]A.shopB.wasshoppingC.shoppedD.willshop[答案]B．[解析]此处意为你打电话的那个时候我正在超市，故用过去进行时态。七、对过去完成后时和过去将来时的考查对过去完成时和过去将来时的考查主要放在复合句中——主要是状语从句和宾语从句。【基础练习】　　1.IlostthebookI______lastmonth.　　A.haveboughtB.boughtC.hadboughtD.hadbeenbought　　2.ThebushadgonewhenI______atthebusstop.　　A.havearrivedB.arrivedC.hadarrivedD.amarriving　　3.Tom______ofvisitinghisgrandmother，butthebadweathermadehimchangehismind.　　A.hasthoughtB.thoughtC.hadthoughtD.hadbeenthought　　4.—DidyoumeetTomattheairport？　　—No，he______bythetimeI______there.　　A.hasleft；gotB.hadleft；arrived　　C.left；arrivedD.left；hadgot　　5.—Whydidn'tTomattendthemeetingyesterday？　　—He______Beijing.\n　　A.hasgonetoB.hadgoneto　C.wenttoD.hadbeento　　6.—I______tocometohelpyou.　　—Butyoudidn'tcome.　　A.havemeantB.hadmeant　　C.meantD.willmean　　7.FinallyMarywasadmittedbyBeijingUniversity,forwhichshe______fivetimes.　　A.hadtriedB.wastrying　　C.hastriedD.tried　　8.—Ihaveboughtyouthebooksyouwant.　　—Oh，good，I______afraidyouhadforgotten.　　A.wasB.am　C.hadbeenD.havebeen【提高题】I.用动词的恰当形式填空。1.Water(freeze)atthetemperatureO℃.2.Theair(keep)movingallthetime.3.Thetown_________(lie)tothewestofthehill.4.________(believe)you____(tell)thetruthnow.5.—_________myson_________(work)hardthisterm?—Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow.6._________thehat_______(fit)mewell?7.—Whathashappenedtothefish,Sheila?—Mum,thecat_________(eat)thefish.Justnowthecat________(jump)ontothetableand______(eat)itup.8.Sam_______(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar.9.It'sagessinceIlast_________(see)you.You(grow)taller.10.Hewon'ttelluswherehe_____(get)thebook.11.That'sthesecondgame.They(win)agame.12.Sorry,I________(forget)tobringmydictionarywithme.13.Look,it'seighto'clock..Jackstill______(not,come)back..He_______(be)outforthreehours.14.I(have)thepianofornearlyamonth.It'sveryexpensive.15.You_________(get)wetifyou(go)outwithoutanumbrella.16.Mr.Brownsayshe_________(buy)anewcarnextyear.17.I'mafraidthattherepairstoourhouse________(cost)alotofmoney.18.Berry_______(love)swimming,but_________(hate)skating.19.Youshouldthinkcarefullybeforeyou________(speak).20.Whenyou_______(see)Jacktomorrow,remembermetohim.21.Don'twriteuntilI_________(tell)you.22.AsI________(run)tothestation,I(meet)theBrowns.They_______(drive)home.23.Whiletheman(look)atthepicture,thethief________(steal)hiswatch.24.WemustgohomenoworMother_________(feel)worriedaboutus.25.BylastSaturday,we________(finish)halfofthework.26.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI_________(forget)toturnofftheTVset.27.We________(not,learn)Englishbeforewecamehere.\n28.I_________(ring)thefrontdoorbellseveraltimes,butnooneanswered.29.Anhourago,I________(play)footballwithTony.I_________(happen)tobreakawindowoftheclassroomwiththeball.30.I'mafraidI_________(not,agree)withyou.31.He'sveryhappythathe_________(get)anAforEnglish.32.Yourstory_________(sound)interesting.Youreadalot,don'tyou?33.Theyhopedthathe_______(take)partinthemarathonrace.34.Whenthestoreclosedthatafternoon,they_________(sell)about100pairsofsportsshoes.35.Therunnersaidthathe_________(reduce)histimeforrunningthemen's100-metredashbyasecondthenextyear.36.Allworkandnoplay_________(make)Jackadullboy.37.Assoonasheheardthenews,he_________(hurry)offtothehospital.38.Hedecidedthathe_________(not,say)anythingaboutit.39.Theysaidthatthey_________(see)aflyingsaucerthenightbefore.40.There_________(go)thebell.It'stimeforclass.41.Betty_________(do)shoppingnow.She_________(buy)alotof'thingsalready.42.Mary,we_________(get)everythingweneed._______we_________(go)tothecheckout?43.—There_________(be)amathstestnextweek._________you_________(go)overtheoldlessonsyet?—Yes.I_________(go)overthemlastnight.44.—Whatlanguage_________he_______(speak)?—English.He(come)fromNewZealand.45.We_________(just,be)totheNorthPole.Theground_________(be)frozenandtheweather_________(be)changeable.46.—Wouldyouliketohaveaticketforthefilm"theTitanic"tomorrow?—No,thanks.I________(already,get)one.I_________(buy)itatthebookingoffice.47.Mr.Blackwilljoinusinawalkassoonashe_________(finish)hisreport.48.Tomsaidthathe________(go)homeafterhe_________(sell)allhisnewspapers.49.Henrylikestohaveacupofmilkbeforehe_________(begin)towork.50.Hewon'teatanythinguntilhe_________(fix)themachine.51.Assoonasthebellrings,we________(stop)playingwiththetoys.52.Theteachersaidthatlight_______(travel)muchfasterthansound.53.Hedidn'ttellmewherehe_________(stay)thosedays.54.Doyourememberwhereyou_________(leave)yourbag?55.Theytoldmethatthey_________(be)totheparkseveraltimes.56.Shewantstoknowhowmanybookshe________(send)toyou.57.Henrytelephonedandaskedmeifwe_________(receive)hisChristmascards.58.Themandidn'tbuyacolourTVsetuntilhe(save)enoughmoney.59.We_________(solve)theproblemlateron.60.Motherstoppedsingingwhenherbaby_________(fall)sleep.61.Justwait.Thebank_________(not,open)until.9a.m..62.Mybrother_________(be)eighteeninthreeweeks.63.LastSaturdaytheoldmanwassenttohospital,andtwodayslaterhe_.......___(die).64.Idon'tknowwhetherthey_________(have)ameetinginRoom301now.\n65.Iwonderwhetheryou________(go)therebybusorbytrain.66.______you_______(ever,use)shampoobefore?67.Ididn'tknowyou___.........(change)yourjobuntilyourletter(arrive).68.They_________(not,write)toussincetheyleftEngland.69.It_________(be)threemonthssinceIpostedtheletter.70.Bythetimeyou_________(read)thatbook,youwillknowalltheanswers.II.选择题。1.—I_________you_________out.—No.Ihavebeenhereallthetime.A.thought,wereB.think,areC.think,havebeenD.thought,hadbeen2.—It_________hourstodothejob.—No,itwon't.A.hastakenB.istakingC.willtakeD.wouldtake3.We_________up,andwearenotchildrenanylonger.A.grewB.growC.hadgrownD.havegrown4.Oh,whataday!It_________heavily.A.isstillsnowingB.wasstillsnowingC.stillsnowedD.stillsnows5.I'vealreadystartedlearningEnglish,butI_________veryfaryet.A.haven'tgotB.didn'tgetC.hadn'tgotD.don'tget6.Mike:Oh,we'vealreadygottwogoals.Tom:Billy,doyourbest.You________agoalyet.A.don'tgetB.haven'tgotC.hadn'tgotD.wouldn'tget7.Therubbish_________terrible.Thelitterbinhasn'tbeenemptiedyet.A.issmellingB.smellsC.issmeltD.willsmell8.—IwonderifIlateforclass,MrHopkings.—Ben,youarelateagain.A.havebeenB.amC.wasD.hadbeen9.Thespeaker______ontalkingtillwegotbored.A.wouldkeepB.haskeptC.keepsD.kept10.Ifyoudon'tmind,I_______offtheTVset.A.willturnB.amturningC.wouldturnD.hadturnedIt.11.Whenwegottodiecinema,thefilm__already.Weourwayinthedarkness.A.hadbegun,feltB.began,hadfeltC.hasbegun,feltD.wasbeginning,hadfelt12.—Youhaven'tplayedHenrybefore,haveyou?—No,Ihaven't.\n—Andyouthinkyou_________,don'tyou?A.wouldwinB.weregoingtowinC.willwinD.win13.ThomasEdison_____theinventorofoveronethousanditems.A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.hasbeen14.—Mum,canIplaythepiano?—Notuntilyou_________youhands.Theyaredirty.A.washedB.badwashedC.willwashD.havewashed15.—Dad,here'smyreport.—Verygoodwork.I'mgladyougreatprogress.A.madeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.weremaking16.—Jane,I'lltakeyoutothetheatre.—No,Mum.I'llgotheremyself.I__theway.A.knewB.amgoingtoknowC.amknowingD.know17.SorryIwasn'tatthemeetingyesterday.Iwassick.I__forleave.A.askedB.haveaskedC.wouldaskD.wasasking18.—Howwasthegame?—Itwasgreat.I_________everyminuteofit.A.haveenjoyedB.enjoyC.enjoyedD.wasenjoying19.—I'llaskforleavetomorrow,MissGreen.Myfather_______AmericaandIwanttoseehimoffattheairport.—That'sOK.Goahead.A.leavesB.isleavingC.wouldleaveD.wasleaving20.—Howwasthefood?—Notverygood.Butwe________offeverything.A.finishedB.havefinishedC.finishD.hadfinished21.PleasegivethisnotebooktoBill.It________tohim.A.isbelongingB.belongsC.isbelongedD.willbelong22.—Whatanicephoto!Where_______it________?—IntheSummerPalace.A.had,beentakenB.has,beentakenC.is,takenD.was,taken23.—ShallIcallataxiforyou?—No,thanks._________onemyself.A.IcallB.I'llcallC.I'dcallD.Icalled24.—Icalledatyourofficeatabouttwoyesterdayafternoon.Butyouwerenotin.—Oh,I_________alecture.I'msorry.A.attendedB.wasattendingC.hadattendedD.amattendingIt'sSaturdaytomorrow.25.—I'mgladwe_______anyclasses.—SoamI.I'llgofishing.Wouldyouliketogowithme?A.haven'thadB.won'thave\nC.don'thaveD.wouldn'thave26.—Wouldyouliketohavesomemorechicken?It'sdelicious.—No,thanks.___enough.A.IhaveB.I'dhadC.I'vehadD.Ihad27.—Mum,let'sbuythatbottleofshampoo._______itonTV.—Allright.I'llhaveonebottleofthatshampoo.A.IseeB.IhadseenC.IwasseeingD.Ihaveseen28.—Bob,youarelateagain.You_________latethreetimesthisweek.—Sorry.Myalarmclockhasgonewrong.A.areB.havebeenC.wereD.hadbeen29.—Sir,I'llstayinthishotelforanotherweek.—That'sgood.I_________you_________hereforonlytwoweeks.A.thought,wouldstayB.think,willstayC.think,stayD.amthinking,willstay30.—Whatnicefood!Jane,_________apartytoday?—Yes.It'sTim'sbirthdaytoday.We'llgivehimasurprise.A.dowehaveB.arewegoingtohaveC.havewehadD.shouldwehave31.IbelieveI________fromhimsoon.A.hearB.willhearC.haveheardD.hadheard32.Everything_________alllightsincehe______thejob.A.hasbeen,tookB.was,hadtakenC.hadbeen,tookD.is,took33.I________outmykeyand____thedoor.A.hadtaken,openedB.took,openedC.took,hadopenedD.took,haveopened34.I________atelephonecallwhenTom_______in.A.made,hurriedB.made,washurryingC.wasmaking,hurriedD.wasmaking,hadhurried35."What________you____bythis?"heasked.A.have,meantB.are,meaningC.will,meanD.do,mean36.Whenhe_______fromBritain,hisson_______school.A.returned,hadfinishedB.hadreturned,finishedC.returned,finishedD.wouldreturn,finished37.Bythetimeshe________fifteen,she________toteachherselfcomputerscience.A.hadbeen,startedB.wouldbe,hadstartedC.was,hadstartedD.was,started38.I_______surethatyou________progressinyournewjobwithhishelp.A.am,madeB.was,makeC.am,willmakeD.was,willmake39.Don'tyouknowyou___________thatjacketfortwoweeks?Itisverydirty.A.havewornB.haveputonC.woreD.puton40.What________you__________whenthefirestarted?\nA.have,doneB.had,doneC.did,doD.were,doing41.Fromthenonthey___________alongverywellwitheachother.A.gotB.havegotC.hadgotD.weregetting42.SincethenI______himsmoking.A.neversawB.haveneverseenC.hadneverseenD.wouldneversee43.Ifyourteam________thistime,we______theTigersnextweek.A.willwin,willplayB.wins,willplayC.wins,playD.iswinning,willplay44.Doyourbest,oryou________inthetest.A.failB.wouldfailC.willfailD.aregoingtofail45.Iblewonthemirror,andIfoundthatthemirror________withlittledropsofwater.A.wascoveredB.hadcoveredC.coveredD.hadbeencovered46.Themanneverbuysanythinguntilhe_______iton.A.hastriedB.willtryC.hadtriedD.wouldtry47.Thedriver________soonafterhe_____tohospital.A.haddied,wassentB.died,wassentC.died,wouldbesentD.dies,issent48.Thechildren______verytiredaftertheyforthreehoursinthesun.A.hadbeen,walkedB.hadbeen,hadwalkedC.were,werewalkingD.were,hadwalked49.Thegirl______anewskirt.Shelookslovely.A.haswornB.iswearingC.woreD.wears50.I._...............__you.Canyouexplainitagain?A.don'tunderstandB.amnotunderstandingC.didn'tunderstandD.hadn'tunderstood51.I_____helpuntilyou_______yourbest.A.don't,havetriedB.won't,triedC.won't,havetriedD.wouldn't,try52.Idon'tknowhowlonghe________thearmy.A.hasbeeninB.hasjoinedC.hasbeentoD.hasjoinedin53.—________Ken_______thejobinthebookstorethen?—No.Idon'tknowwhy.A.Had,takenB.Did,takeC.Was,takingD.Has,taken54.—Doyouthinkthethief________throughthebackdoor?—Yes.Yousee,herearesomefootprints.A.hasenteredB.wasenteringC.enteredD.wouldenter55.I_________aboutyoualready.Youdon'thavetointroduceyourselftome.\nA.haveknownB.wasknowingC.hadknownD.knew56.Nobody________thetelephone.Maybetheyhaveallleftforhome.A.willanswerB.answersC.answeredD.isanswering57.AllarehereexceptMary.Perhapsshehertrain.A.missedB.hadmissedC.wasmissingD.hasmissed58.Bytheendofthe19"century,scientistsamedicineforthecommoncold.A.hadfoundB.foundC.havefoundD.wouldfind59.I'llaskthewaiterforthebillwhenyouyourcoffee.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.finishedD.willfinish60.Ihimtwiceduringthepastweek.Heknowsalotaboutoursales.A.hadseenB.sawC.haveseenD.see参考答案：\nII.中考真题一、系表结构2007-2001年上海中考试题1.MrSmithsaidtoBilly,"Yourideasounds________."\nA.clearlyB.fluentlyC.goodD.loud(2007)2.Thelakelooks________inthemoonlight.Ioftentakeawalkaroundit.A.wonderfullyB.famousC.beautifulD.well(2006)3.Thecheesecaketastedso________thatthekidsaskedformore.A.deliciousB.wellC.badD.badly(2005)4.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels(2003)2007-2003年全国各省市中考试题汇编1.—There________nomilkinthefridge.Couldyougetsomeforme,Dick?—Allright,Mum.A.isB.areC.wasD.were(2007福州)2.—What________yourEnglishteacherlooklike?—Sheisquiteslim.A.doB.isC.doesD.was(2007扬州)3.—Haveyoueverheardthesong"TAKEMETOYOURHEART''?—Yes,it________terrific.Allofuslikeitverymuch.A.smellsB.soundsC.looksD.tastes(2007宁波)4.Carlfelt________becausehewonthefirstprizeintheschoolsingingcompetition.A.interestedB.proudC.angryD.worried(2007安徽)5.—Dinnerisready.Helpyourself!—Wow！It_______delicious.Couldyoupleasetellmehowtocookit?A.tastesB.looksC.soundsD.feels(2007重庆)6.Thefoodontheplatesmells________.Youcan'teatit.A.deliciousB.badlyC.wellD.bad(2006南通)7.China'ssportstarsYaoMingandIiuXiang________GoodwillAmbassadors(亲善大使)forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed(2006徐州)8.Themeathasbeenkeptinthebagforseveraldaywithoutbeingfrozen.Itsmells_______now.A.worseB.worstC.badD.badly(2006潍坊)9.—Youlookso________.—Yes,I'vegotabirthdaypresent.A.sadB.worriedC.tiredD.happy(2006温州)10.—Whataboutthisgreencoat,Madam?—It________nice.I'lltakeit.A.tastesB.smellsC.soundsD.looks(2005舟山)11.There________aknifeandforkonthetable.A.seemstobeB.seemtobeC.isseemingtobeD.are（2005黄冈）12.—Youlook________.What'swrong?—Mysonhurthislegthismorning.A.happyB.fineC.surprisedD.worried(2005温州)13.Wemustmake________cleartoeverystudentthatEnglishis_________greatuse.\nA.that;/B.it;/C./;ofD.it;of(2005烟台)14.Ilikethissilkdress,andit________sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt(2004南昌)15.—Howabouttheyounglady?—It'shardtosay,buthervoice_____beautiful.A.singsB.hearsC.listensD.sounds(2004重庆)16.—DoyoulikethemusictheMoonlightSonata?—Yes,it________reallybeautiful.(2004宁波)A.feelsB.soundsC.listensD.hears17.Look!There________someapplesinthattree.A.isB.wasC.areD.were（2003北京）18.Ididn'tthinkmaths________importantatthattime.A.isB.wasC.areD.were（2003兰州）二、情态动词2007-2001年上海中考试题1.Students________becarefulwhentheydochemicalexperimentsinthelab.(2007)A.canB.mustC.needD.may2.Mymother________makericedumplings.She'llteachmehowtodoit.(2006)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can3.—________Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?(2005)—No,youneedn't.Youcancompleteitthisafternoon.A.MayB.CanC.WouldD.Must4.We________keepthenewtrafficlawandlearnhowtoprotectourselves.(2004)A.mayB.shouldC.canD.need5.Susan'sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It________beveryexpensive.(2003)A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can't6.Cars,busesandbikes________stopwhenthetrafficlightschangetored.(2002)A.canB.mayC.mustD.need7.Computers________processdifficultproblemsvery,veryquickly.(2001)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can8.45.–MustIreturnthemagazinetoyourightnow,Sandy?--No,you______.YoumaykeepituntilnextWednesday.A)needn’tB)can’tC)mustD)may9、Toeveryone’ssurprise,Alex________playchessverywellwhenhewasonlyfour.（09）A)mightB)shouldC)wouldD)could10、Everyone__________gothroughthesecuritycheck(安检)whenenteringtheWorldExpoPark.（10）A)canB)mayC)mustD)ought2007-2003年全国各省市中考试题汇编1.Whentrafficlightsarered,we________stopandwait.\nA.mayB.canC.mustD.might(2007南京)2.—Mary,________youspeakChinese?—Yes,onlyalittle.A.mustB.needC.mayD.can(2007北京)3.—MayIparkmycarhere,Sir?—________.YoumayparkitoverthereA.Yes,youmayB.Yes,youcanC.No,youneedn'tD.No,youmustn't(2007南通)4.—Let'sgotothesupermarketbytaxi.—We________takesataxi.Itisnotfarfromhere.A.can'tB.needn'tC.couldn'tD.mustn't(2007扬州)5.—Jilllookssopainful,there________besomethingwrongwithher.—Ohdear.We'dbettertakehertothenearesthospitalatonce.A.canB.shouldC.wouldD.must(2007宁波)6.Schools________allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.wouldB.mightC.shouldD.could(2007安徽)7.—Lookattheboyrunningontheground.IsitDavis?—It________behim.Isawhimgototheteacher'sofficejustnow.A.mustB.can'tC.couldD.might(2007黄冈)8.You________betiredafterworkingforeighthourswithoutarest.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need(2007广东)9.—CouldIgotothemoviethisweekend,Dad?—Yes,you________.Butyouhavetocomebackbeforenine.A.shallB.mustC.needD.can(2007温州)10.—MustIparkmycarbehindthebuilding?—No,you________.You________parkithere.A.mustn't;mayB.maynot;mustC.don'thaveto;mayD.shouldn't;must(2006南通)11.—Willyoupleasestayherefortheparty?—Sorry,I________.I’llhavetogotoanimportantmeeting.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.won't(2006武汉)12.Thiskindoffood________cool,cleananddryaccordingtotheinstruction.A.shouldbecarriedB.mustbeputC.shouldbeplacedD.mustbekept(2006天津)13.You________playwithfire,Tom.It'sdangerous.A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't(2005苏州)14.AlicehasbeeninChinaforseveralyears.She________beabiggirlnow.A.needB.mustC.canD.may(2005杭州)15.—WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting?—HesaidthatI________better.A.candoB.amC.willdoD.coulddo(2005福州)16.—________Icomebackbefore11:00?—No,you________.Butyou________bebacklaterthanlunch-time.A.Must,needn't,can'tB.Can,can't,may\nC.Need,mustn't,mustD.May,needn't,can't(2005福州)17.—Canyoustayherefordinner?—Sorry,I________.Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.A.don'tB.didn'tC.needn'tD.can't(2004福州)18.—Iwastoldtobeherebeforeeight.—Oh,you________.I'msorryfornottellingyouthatwehavechangedtheplan.A.mustB.can'tC.mayD.needn't(2004南昌)19.—Canyouplaywithayo-yo,Jim?—Yes,I_____.It'seasy.A.mustB.canC.needD.may(2003北京)20.You________goandaskMeimei.She________knowtheanswer.A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;may(2003天津)21.—Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMrLi?—No,it________behim.MrLiismuchtaller.(2003河北)A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn’t22.—WhereisJack,please?He________beinthereadingroom.(2003杭州)A.canB.needC.wouldD.must23.—MustIleaverightnow?—No,you________.(2003徐州)A.maynotB.can'tC.mustn’tD.needn’t24.Yourmotherissleeping.You'dbetter__________.（2003徐州）A.notwakeupherB.nottowakeupherC.notwakeherupD.nottowakeherup25.You'dbettergoandaskMrYang.He___________knowhowtosearchtheInternet.(2003宁夏)A.canB.mayC.wouldD.could26.—It'snearlysixp.m,willyouhavesupperhere?—Sorry,________.Ihavemanythingstodo.（2003昆明）A.Imustn'tB.Ican'tC.Ineedn'tD.Idon’t27.—Mustwecleantheclassroombeforebreakfast?—No,you________.A.can’tB.maynotC.usenotD.needn’t三、时态和语态：2010-2001年上海中考试题1.Nancy_____lotsofcharityworkinherfreetimesincesheenteredcollege.(2007)A.hasdoneB.willdoC.wasdoingD.isdoing2.TaraisinterestedinChineseculture.He_____ChineseatFudanUniversitynextyear.(2007)A．studiesB.studiedC.willstudyD.hadstudied3.ThatbuildingispartofShanghai’shistory.It____manyyearsago.(2007)A.builtB.buildsC.isbuiltD.wasbuilt\n4.The2007SpecialOlympicGames_____inShanghai.(2006)A.willholdB.willbeheldC.wereheldD.held5.Jenny________withaChinesefamilyfortwoyears.Nowshe’susedtothelifeinChina.(2006)A.staysB.wouldstayC.isstayingD.hasstayed6.Mostpeople________whenthebigearthquake(地震)tookplaceinthatarea.(2006)A.aresleepingB.weresleepingC.sleptD.sleep7.Charliecan’tgowithusbecausehe_______aprofessoraroundourcompany.(2005)A.showsB.wasshowingC.hasshownD.isshowing8.TheOrientalPearlTVTower______tensofthousandsofvisitorssince1995.(2005)A．attractedB.attractsC.hasattractedD.willattract9.Manyoldhousesaroundourschool________nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.(2005)A.pulldownB.willbepulleddownC.willpulldownD.arepulleddown10.Afteralongjourney,theeightpandasfromWolongsafely______inBeijingA)arrivedB)reachedC)gotD)came11.Look!Jane’sgrandmother______withsomeagedpeopleinthepark.(08)A)dancesB)dancedC)isdancingD)wasdancing12.Kevin______toworkinhishometownafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.(08)A)goesB)wentC)willgoD)hadgone13、Whensummer_________,somechildrenwillgototheseasideforfun.（09）A)comesB)cameC)willcomeD)wouldcome14.I_____youalreadythatwashinghandsoftenwillhelppreventA-H1N1Flu.（09）A)tellB)toldC)havetoldD)amtelling15.Hewasstillworkingonhisprojectwhileotherpeople_________arest.（09）A)werehavingB)arehavingC)willhaveD)have16.Manyhouses_______inabigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!（09）A)weredamagedB)damageC)weredamagingD)damaged17、TodayisFather'sDay.Mymother____________aspecialdinnerformygrandpanow.A)prepareB)preparedC)ispreparingD)willprepare18、Tinaandherparents____________toEnglandforsightseeinglastsummer.A)goB)wentC)willgoD)havegone19、TheHarryPotterbooks____________prettypopularsincetheywerepublished.A)becomeB)willbecomeC)havebecomeD)arebecoming20、ADisneylandPark(迪斯尼乐园)inShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.A)buildsB)hasbuiltC)willbuildD)willbebuilt2007-2003年全国各省市中考试题汇编1.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_____inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.（2007南京）A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught\n2.----Hello,thisisLilyspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMrBlack?（2007南京）----Sorry.He________theXuanwuLakePark.A.hasbeentoB.wanttoC.hasgonetoD.willgoto3.----Couldyoutellmewhomtheradio_________by?（2007福州）----Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented4.---MrGreen,________you________ThreelanesandSevenAlleys(三坊七巷)lastSunday?（2007福州）----No，butI’llvisitthemnextweek.A.will；gotoB.have;beentoC.have,gonetoD.did,goto5.I_________theCDstoyouifIhavetimetomorrow.（2007北京）A.willreturnB.returnedC.havereturnedD.return6.----Whatdidyoudoafterschoolyesterday?（2007北京）----I________basketballwithmyfriends.A.playB.playedC.willplayD.amplaying7.----It’sraining!Whendiditstart?（2007北京）----Idon’tknowexactly.Infact,it________allthisafternoon.A,lastsB.haslastedC.lastedD.willlast8.TheOlympicGames________everyfouryears.（2007北京）A.areheldB.wereheldC.areholdingD.willholding9.Allmyfavouritestorybooks_______bymymotherbeforemylastexams.（2007南通）A.hidB.havehiddenC.werehidingD.werehidden10.----TomorrowwillbeFather’sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather?----Iwillsay“Iloveyou,Daddy”assoonashe_______up.（2007南通）A.willwakeB.iswakingC.wakesD.woke11.----Icametoyourhomeyesterdayafternoon,butnobodywasin.----Oh,we______someshoppinginthesupermarket.（2007南通）A.havedoneB.didC.weredoingD.aredoing12.----I’llreturnthebooktoHelen,butIcan’tfindheranywhere.（2007扬州）----She______theteachers’office.Youcanfindherthere.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasleftD.wentto13.----Whatdoyouthinkofthecolourofmynewdress?----Sorry,butwhatdidyousay?I_______aboutsomethingelse.（2007扬州）A.thinkB.thoughtC.amthinkingD.wasthinking14.----ChenJie,theworkers____ournewlibraryalready.（2007宁波）----Really?I’llgothereandborrowsomebooks.A.decoratedB.aredecoratingC.havedecoratedD.weredecorated15.Somefamouspaintings_________inthehallnextweek.（2007广州）A.willshowB.wereshowC.isshownD.willbeshown16.Thewomanandherhusband_____inthesameoffice.（2007广州）A.workB.worksC.isworkingD.hasworked17.Inthepastfewyearsthere_________greatchangesinmyhometown.（2007天津）\nA.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are18----Whatahardlifemyparentslive!----Sodomyparents.WhenIgrowup,I______tomakethemlivemorehappily.（2007重庆）A.tryB.triedC.willtryD.havetried19.----TheTVshowHomewithKidsissowonderful.Youshouldn’tmissit.（2007重庆）----IfIhavetime,I_____it.A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.haveseen20.TodayChinese_____bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.（2006北京）A.wasspokenB.isspokenC.spokeD.speak21.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork_______.（2006南通）A.finishB.willfinishC.arefinishedD.isfinished22.----Theskirtlooksdifferentfromothersanditisnice.----Thanks.It________bymymotherlastmonth.（2006重庆）A.madeB.wasmakingC.ismadeD.wasmade23.----Kitty,willyougotoseethefilm,ColdMountainthisevening?----No，Iwon’t.I______italready.（2006南京）A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee24.----DoyouknowwhenDr.White_______fordinnerthisevening?（2005福州）----No,butIthinkhe______whenheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcome25.----________yoursister________inGreenerChinaforalongtime?（2004福州）----Yes.Shejoineditfiveyearsago.A.Has;beenB.Have;beenC.has;joinedD.have;joined26.Don’tleaveuntilhe_______back..（2004黄冈）A.havecomeB.comesC.willcomeD.came27.There_____atalkbyYangLiweitomorrowmorninginourschool.（2004盐城）A.wasB.willbeC.haveD.has28.----What’swrongwithyouruncle,Jack?（2004烟台）----Heisill.Adoctor________.A.hastolookforB.isbeingoperatedonC.mustaskforD.hasjustbeensentfor29.Idon’tthinkI______youinthatdressbefore.（2003北京）A.havebeenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see30.Ourteacher,MissChen,________Englishontheradiothedaybeforeyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaught31.----Mum?MayIgooutandplaybasketball?（2003天津）----_________you_______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishD.Have;finished32.----Alice,you_____onthephone.（2003杭州）----I’mcoming.ThanksA.wantB.arewantedC.arewantingD.havewanted33.----Waiter,I’dlikesomeYangzhouFriedRice.（2003扬州）----Sorry,sir.YangzhouFriedRice________onlyforlunchanddinner.\nA.serveB.servesC.isservedD.isserving34.----Youforgottomakethebed.（2003扬州）----Oh,soIdid.________anddoitatonce.A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing35.----Isyourfatherin?（2003湖北）----No,he________forthreehours.A.wasoutB.hasbeenoutC.wentoutD.hasgoneout36.You_____comeifyou________busytomorrow.（2003湖北）A．notneed,areB.must,willbeC.needn’t,areD.needn’t,be37.----______toBeijing?（2003昆明）----Yes.AndIwillbebacknextweek.A.HaveyougongB.HaveyoubeenC.AreyougoingD.Didyougo38.----MayIspeaktoMabel,please？(2003兰州)----Sorry.She’s_______Paris.A.goneinB.beeninC.gonetoD.beento