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初中英语时态讲解第一部分:知识讲解1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were放到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t+动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said give-gave, get- got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank,\n fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, buy-bought swim-swam, sit-sat bring--brought can-could cut-cut become-became begin-began draw-drew feel-felt find-found forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew learn-learnt (learned) leave-left let-let lose-lost meet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took teach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-woke think-though第二部分:练习过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are________ drink_________play_______ go________ make________does_________ dance________worry________ ask_____ taste_________ eat__________draw________put______ throw________kick_________ pass_______ do________一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.二、句型变换。Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句:______________________________________________一般疑问句:___________肯定回答:___________否定回答:__________\n2Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:___________肯定回答:___________否定回答:__________三、用所给动词的适当形式填满空白。1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What_____she_____(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She____(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9.It____(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday10.Weall___(have)agoodtimelastnight.11.He_____(jump)highonlastSportsDay.12.Helen____(milk)acowonFriday.13.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe______abookyesterday.(read)14.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)15.Jim’smother_________(plant)treesjustnow.16._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.17.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.18We____(go)toschoolonSunday.19.It____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite___(go)tohisofficebycar.20.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.21.Don’t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)22.What____you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)23.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.\n24.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)25._______he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)26.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.27.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.28.What______Mikedoonthefarm?He________cows.(milk)一现在进行时的构成:Am/is/are+v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式v-ing现在分词的构成:一般情况 +ingfalling以不发音字母e结尾的单词 去e,+inghaving以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ingputting二现在进行时的基本用法1表示说话时正在进行的动作常和now连用,有时用一个动词如look(看)、listen(听)来表示now(现在)这一时间概念。Look!Atrainiscoming.看!火车来了Listen!Heisplayingthepiano.听!他在弹钢琴。2表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和atpresent(目前)、thisweek(本周)、thesedays(这几天)等时间状语连用。Whatlessonareyoustudyingthisweek?你们本周学哪一课了?(说话时并不在学)3现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时,一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。如:go(去)、 come(来)、leave(离开)、start(开始)、arrive(到达)、return(返回)、sleep(睡觉)、…AreyougoingtoTianjingtomorrow?你明天去天津吗?HowmanyofyouareComingtothepartynextweek?你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会?4begoingto+动词原形这一句型表示即将发生的事或打算(准备)做的事,我们把它归在将来时里了。sheisn'tgoingtospeakatthemeeting.她不打算在会议上发言。注意:如果没有表示将来时间的状语,此类句子就可能指现在或现阶段的动作。Whereareyougoingnextweek?下周你计划去哪儿?用现在进行时表示将来时,因为有nextweek(下周)这一时间状语。Whereareyougoing?你现在去哪儿? 因为没有表示将来时的时间状语,所以就按句型来翻译,即现在进行时。三一般现在时和现在进行时的区别1一般现在时表示经常性的动作;而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。Hewalkstowork.他步行上班。(习惯、经常性的动作)He'swalkingtoworkbecausehisbikeisbeingrepaired.他现在走着上班因为他的自行车正在修理。(只是暂时的情况)Wheredoeshelive?他家住在哪儿?(询问一般的情况)Whereisheliving(staying)?他这几天住在哪儿?(询问暂时一段时间的情况)\n2现在进行时有时可用来代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感惰,使句子有强烈的感情色彩。常与always,forever连用。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)Maryisdoingfineworkatschool.玛丽在学校学习得挺不错。 四.现在进行时的四种句式(1)肯定句:be+doing 如:1.Iamlisteningtothemusicnow.2.Thestudentsaredrawingpicturesnow.(2)否定句:在be(am,is,are)后加not“benot+doing” 如:1.Iamnotlisteningtothemusicnow.2.Thestudentsarenotdrawingpicturesnow.(3)疑问句:Be+主语+doing? 如:1.IsAmysinging?Yes,sheis.\No,sheisn’t.2.Aretheyswimming?(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 1.Theyaredrawingpicturesnow.(对划线提问)--Whataretheydoing? 2Sheissingingintheclassroom.--Whereisshesinging?五.现在进行时的动词变化:(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。 stay-stayingdo-doinglisten-listeningsuffer-suffering(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。如:make-makingtake-takinggive-givingride-riding(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。如:put-puttingsit-sittingrun-runningwin-winningbegin-beginning