初中英语语法_ 38页

第一章、词的种类一、名词1.名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念名称的词。2.名词的分类1)按意义可分为专有名词和普通名词a.专有名词：是个别人、地点以及专门机构或团体的名称ZhouEnlai、Beijingb.普通名词可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词：是一类人或物的个体的名称city、bird集体名词：是一些人或物的总称family、team物质名词：是物质或一般无一定形状或大小的实物的名称water、sand抽象名词：是状态、品质等抽象概念的名称music、courage2)按可数性分为可数名词和不可数名词a.不可数名词：不能用数目计算的事物和概念的名词b.可数名词：能用数目计算的事物、人、概念的名词3.名词的复数变化形式1)在词尾加s.desk—desksdog—dogs2)以s、x、ch、sh、z结尾的加es.bus—busesfish—fishes3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的，变y为i，再加es.party—parties4)以f、fe结尾的，变f、fe为v再加es.（树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，吓得强盗逃命亡。）（leaf、half、－self、wife、knife、shelf、wolf、thief、life）5)以o结尾的，加es.（黑人英雄喜欢土豆和西红柿）negro、hero、patato、tomato6)复合名词，若第一个词是man、woman，两部分都变复数.womendoctors7)单数复数同形的名词：deer、Chinese、Japanese、sheep、means、fish、jin等8)有连接符，若有名词，名词变复数；若无名词，词尾变复数。looker－on→lookers－on旁观者grow－up→grow－ups成年人9)复合名词变复数时，只把中心词变成复数：appletree→appletrees10)不规则名词的复数：man→men男人woman→women女人foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙齿goose→geese鹅mouse→mice老鼠child→children小孩ox→oxen公牛basis→bases基础German→Germans德国人11)有些名词只有复数形式：scissors剪刀clothes衣服trousers/pants裤子shorts短裤people人们police警察12)缩写、数字、字母常加’s:1990’s20世纪90年代threeA’s三个A,也可不加’,1990s13)不可数名词的量的概念由量词短语来表示：apieceofnews一条信息twoglassesofwater两瓶水14)部分不可数名词加s后，意思会改变或表示巨大的量。air空气→airs架子good好事→goods货物time时间→times时代snow雪→snows雪原sand沙子→sands沙漠15)有的名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词.aroom一个房间room空间achicken一只小鸡chicken鸡肉aglass一个玻璃杯glass玻璃abeef一头菜牛beef牛肉4.名词的所有格1)在词尾加’s：theboy’smother2)以s结尾的复数名词加’：thetwoboys’mother3)不以s结尾的复数名词加’s：thechildren’smother38\n4)表时间、自然现象、国家、工作群体也加’s：amonth’stime5)以s结尾的名词后，可加’s也可加’：myboss‘(s)office6)若表示某物两人共有，只在后者加’s.LucyandLily’sbike7)若表示两人分别拥有某物时，都加’s.TheyareLucy’sandLily’sbags.8)表示无生命的名词，与of连用：thelegofthetable9)双重所有格：of＋’s结构afriendofTom’s5.名词在句子中的作用名词在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语和独立成分。Janeisateacher.(主Jane,表teacher.)WeelectedTommonitor.（宾Tom，宾补monitor）Jim,westudentsshouldrespectteachers.(独Jim，同students)Thecolorpensareuseful.(定color)名词练习题()1Myfatherisa____.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmer()2Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Chinahasalargepopulation.B.Chinahasmuchpopulation.C.Chinahasmanypopulations.()3InEngland,thelastnameisthe___.A.fullnameB.familynameC.middlename()4Theletterissentby____.A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfather'sC.myfatherfriend()5Foldthepaper____andcutalongthefold.A.intopiecesB.inhalfC.onhalves()6Youplayedtheviolinwonderfully.Willyoupleaseplayanother____?A.oneB.gameC.piece()7Thisisabookof___.A.TomB.Tom'sC.her()8____facetothesouth.A.WindowsoftheroomB.ThewindowsoftheroomC.Theroom'swindows()9It'sabout___walkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutes'C.tenminute's()10Kateis____.A.Mary'sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack'ssisterC.MaryandJacksister()11Thefootballunderthebedis____.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily'sandLucy'sC.LilyandLucy's()12Excuseme,whereisthe___?A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'srooms()13September10this____inChina.A.Teacher'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.TeacherDay()14I'veforgottenbothofthe____.A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbers()15Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.38\nA.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesletters()16These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC.womandoctors()17Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.setB.oneC.pair()18Howmany____werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policemanB.policesC.police()19___Chinesepeopleis___hardworkingpeople.A./;aB.We;theC.The;a()20Let'smeetat7:30outsidethegateof___?A.thePeople'sParkB.thePeoples'ParkC.thePeoplePark()21Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.A.worksB.workC.theworks()22Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeople()23Tablesaremadeof___.A.woodB.somewoodsC.wooden()24Shewasveryhappy.She____inthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakes()25Weneedsomemore____.A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoes()26_____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usedC.Knife,using()27Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.tooths()28Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leaf()29Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.information()30Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadvice()31Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenews()32What___lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.a()33Itreallytookhim___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.sometime()34Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.apieceof()35Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoes()36Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.Germany()37Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo____.A.sheep;foxesB.sheeps;foxC.sheeps;foxes()38Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.38\nA.AustralianB.JapaneseC.American()39-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike____.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickens()40Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.rooms二、冠词1.不定冠词：（a用于辅音音素前）,（an用于元音音素前）.1)表示某类人或事物当中的一个astudent2)表示数量，相当于one.ayear3)表示某个，相当于acertain.AMrQiao4)指事物的单位，相当于every.onceamonth5)与an连用的字母有：a.e.f.h.i.l.m.n.o.r.s.x.6)用于两件通常配在一起的物品前，第二个名词前不用冠词：aknifeandfork一副刀叉7)用于某些物质名词前，表示一种、它的产品或数量关系aglass玻璃杯aheavyrain一场大雨8)用于不可数的抽象名词前，表示某种具体的情况或概念HehasaknowledgeofEnglish.他精通英语9)用于专有名词前，表示某人或某家的一个成员AMrs.Greenwantstoseeyou.一位格林夫人要见你2．定冠词的用法1)世界上独一无二的名词前:thesun2)序数词及形容词和副词的最高级前:thefirstlesson\thelongestriver3)表示一类人或物:theold4)the＋姓氏s，表示一家人或一对夫妇:theGreens5)普通名词构成的专有名词:theGreatWall6)山脉、河流、海洋等专有名词前:theHuangshanMountains7)第二次提到某物:Ihaveapen．Thepenisnew．8)特指比较级时:Theelderofthetwoisme．9)用于乐器前:thepiano10)用于可数名词的单数前，统指类别:Thehorseisausefulanimal.11)用于发明物的单数名词前：Whoinventedthetelephone?12)用于名词前，构成同位语：ThepoetLiBai13)用于自然现象的名词前：Thewindwasblowing.14)与表示计算单位的名词连用，含每、每一的意思：bepaidbythehour计时取酬15)用于逢十的数词的复数形式前：inthe1970s在二十世纪七十年代中3.零冠词1)turn、go做“变成”解时，后面的表语名词前：Heturnedwriter.2)普通名词+as开始的让步从句中，该普通名词前：ChildasTomis,youcan’tfoolhim.3)基数词用在名词后起序数词作用时所构成的词组：LessonOneWorldWarⅡ4）形容词最高级单独做表语时：It’sbesttogotherebytaxi.38\n　冠词练习题　　1.WhenIwasachild,mymotheralwaysletmehave______bed.A.thebreakfastin   B.thebreakfastinthe    C.breakfastin   　　2.Beyond______starstheastronautsawnothingbut______space.　　A.the,/   B./，the     C./，/       　　3.Bellinvented________telephonein1876.　　A./    B.a     C.the           　　4.Afterwatching____TV,sheplayed_____violinforanhour.　　A./，/    B.the,the    C./，the    　　5.Manypeoplearestillin____habitofwritingsillythingsin____publicplaces.　　A.the,the   B./，/  C.the,/    6.Papermoneywasin____useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin____thirteenthcentury.A.the,/     B.the,the    C./，the     　　7.Haveyouseen______bag?Ileftitherethismorning.　　 Isit____blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.　　 A.a,the   B.the,the   C.a,a       　　8.Sheis_____newcomerto____chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.　　 A.the,the    B.the,/   C.a,/ 　　9.Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/ B.the,an   C.the,the        　　10．______usuallygotochurcheverySunday.　　A.TheBrown   B.ABrown   C.TheBrowns  　　11.Thetrainisrunningfiftymiles______.　　A.anhour   B.onehour   C.thehour         　　12.___earthweliveonisbiggerthan___moon.　　 A.The,a  B.The,the  C.An,a           　　13.Icaught___badcoldandhadtostayin___bed.　　 A.a,/   B.a,the   C.a,a       　　14.—Doyouknow___ladyinblue?　　　 A.the   B.a   C.an              　　15.—Where’s___nearestsupermarket?　　  　A.a    B.an    C.the  　　16.Theyoungmanwillworkin___schoolasamathsteacher.　　 A.the    B.a     C.an            　　17.______themeetingwasverysuccessful.　　A.Onwholeof  B.Onawhole  C.Onthewhole  　　18.Wefoundthatmoreshouldbedonefor______inIndia.　　A.thosepoor   B.apoor   C.thepoor       　　19.Hegrabbed(抓)me______andpulledmeontothebus.　　A.aarm  B.anarm  C.bythearm      　　20.“Howdidyoupaytheworkers?”“Asarule,theyarepaid______.”　　A.byanhour   B.bythehour    C.byahour    　　21.What_____excitingfootballmatch!　　A.a        B.an        C.the              　　22.Father’sDayfallson_____thirdSundayin_____June.A.the，/     B.the,a      C./,the   23.Ihavetwodogs.______blackoneistwoyearsoldand______yellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,a            B.The,a         C.The,the  　　 24.______newbridgehasbeenbuiltover______HuangpuRiver.　　A.The,a      B.A,/         C.A,the        　　25.－Whatcolouris______orange?－It’s_____orange.　　 A.an,an       B.an,the       C.an,/     　38\n三、数词1.概说：表示数目多少（基数词）或顺序先后的词（序数词）2.数的运用1)一般以百位为单位读1985nineteeneighty－five\nineteenhundredandeighty－five1806eighteenosix\eighteenhundredandsix1081teneighty－one\tenhundredandeighty－one1600sixteenhundred762AD\AD762sevensixty－two（用于1000以内）81BCeighty－oneBC1960snineteen－sixties2)年、月、日3/1/1998Marchthefirst，nineteenninety－eight3)钟点5：00fiveo’clock5：05fiveofive\fivepastfive5：15fivefifteen\aquarterpastfive5：30fivethirty\halfpastfive5：45fiveforty－five\aquartertosix5：55fivefifty－five\fivetosix4)年龄基数词（＋yearsold）Iamtwentyyearsold．attheageof＋基数词Iwenttoschoolattheageoffifteen．inone’s－tiesIbecameadoctorinmythirties．5)四则运算Fiveandtwoisseven（＋）．Twofromsixisfour（－）．/Sixminustwoisfour．Ninetimestwoiseighteen．（×）Threeintonineisthree．（÷）\Ninedividedbythreeisthree．6)分数、小数、百分数1/3onethird2/3twothirds5fiveandahalf1．25onepointtwofive0．009zeropointzerozeronine0．5%zeropointfivepercent7)hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen(12),score(20)与of才用复数.Hundredsofpeople数以百计的人dozensofpens成打的钢笔8)习语中使用基数词的复数：bytwosandthrees三三两两地9)电话号码逐个读.7502251:sevenfiveodoubletwofiveone10)序数词常与the连用，但表示又……时，与a,an连用.thefirsttime第一次Iwilldoitasecondtime.我将再做一次。（已做过一次了）11)编码用“名词+基数词”表示时，着重编码；用“序数词+名词”表示时，着重顺序：LessonOnethe106throom3.基数词变序数词的规律：38\n基变序，有规律；一二三，特殊记；th从四起；八去t，九去e；f来把ve替；把y变成i和e；要是遇到几十几；只变个位就可以。(first.second.third.eighth.ninth.twelfth.twentieth.twenty-first)数词练习题()1Thereare___daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-five()2______peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.Hundredsof()3Everyyear___watchNBAonTV.A.millionpeopleB.millionsofpeopleC.millionspeople()4Iwilldoit____time.AathirdBthethirdCthird()5Mybrotherisin____.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.Grade1,Class3()6Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.BookSix()7Pleaseturnto___.Let'sreadthetextaloud.A.PageTwoB.thepagetwoC.secondpage()8Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis____.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-five()9"Theyear1999"shouldberead"Theyear____".A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nine()10Hewillcomehere____tomorrowmorning.A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwo()11Everydayhebeginstodohishomework___.A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventh()12Hebegantoworkthere____.A.onhisfiftyB.atageoffiftyC.inhisfifties()13TheymovedtoBeijing_A.in1980sB.inthe1980'C.inthe1980s()14Thereare____monthsinayear.Decemberisthe____monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelve()15During____century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentieth/D.thetwenty()16Sundayisthe____dayoftheweek.A.seventhB.firstC.second()()17-What'sthedatetoday?-It’s___.A.FridayB.timetogoC.June4th()18Jennywasborn___.A.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July1038\n()19About____ofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.A.four-fifthB.four-fifthsC.fourth-fifths()20___oftheworld'sbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.A.ThreequartersB.ThreequarterC.Thirdsfour四、形容词和副词1.概说形容词：用于修饰名词和代词，表示人或事物的性质和特征。副词：用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词2.比较级的构成1)加er、est.taller/tallest2)以e结尾的加r、st.larger、largest3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的，变y为i再加er、est.busier、busiest4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只用一个辅音，双写这个辅音字母再加er、est.hotter、hottest5)多音节和部分双音节词在前面加more、most.More/themostcareful6)不规则变化：good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worstMany/much—more—mostold—older/elder—oldest/eldestlittle—less—leastfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestup—upper—uppermosttired—moretired—themosttired3.比较级的用法1)倍数＋as＋形容词、副词原级＋asTheshipistwiceaswideasthatone．2)the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语（越……，越……）Thebusierheis，thehappierheis．3)thananyother＋单数名词可与最高级互换Heistallerthananyotherboy．Heisthetallestboy．4)比较级＋and＋比较级（越来越，既……，又……）加more构成比较级形式的，只重复more,getolderandolder,runfasterandbettermoreandmorebeautiful5)比较级用much、far、rather、still、even、alot、alittle、abit、agooddeal修饰.Sheisalittleclevererthanhim．4.两个或两个以上形容词连作定语时，不用and,若表示同一方面的情况，就用and.ashortoldman/ablackandwhitedog5.some与time分合的意思：单分是段时，(sometime)复分是倍次；(sometimes)单合是某时，（sometime）复合是有时。（sometimes）6.多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序：冠所序，基特征，大新形，颜国材，后用途。1)冠词、指示代词2)所有格3)序数词4)基数词5)特征、特性6)大小、长短、高低7)年龄、温度、新旧8)形状、形态9)颜色10)国籍、地区11)物质、材料12)用途、类别abigroundconferencetable一张开会用的大圆桌7.某些“副词+ly”构成的副词多用于抽象含义：highly高度地widely广泛地deeply深刻地8.in表示环境范围，in后的名词和主语不是同一概念范畴；of/among表示对象范围，of/among后的名词与主语是同一概念范畴：Heisthetallestinhisclass.Heisthetallestof/amongtheboys.9.up形容词、副词练习题()1.Icanrun_________tocatchupwiththem.A.slowlyenoughB.enoughslowlyC.fastenough()2.Thetextisveryeasyforme.Thereare________newwordsinit.A.afewB.alittleC.few38\n()3.It'ssuchan________filmthatallthestudentsare______init.A.interesting;interestedB.interested;interestingC.interesting;interesting()4.Tomgotupvery_______,sohecametoschoolhalfanhour______.A.late;latelyB.lately;lateC.late;late()5.I_______getupat7:00.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimes　()6.Wedon'thave________everyday.A.alotofschoolworksB.manyschoolworkC.muchschoolwork()　7.-Look!Howfastthetwohorsesarerunning!--Oh,yes!Theyarenearly_______.A.upanddownB.slowerandslowerC.neckandneck()8.______childrenthereareinfamily,_______theirlifewillbe.A.Theless;thebetterB.Thefewer;thebetterC.Fewer;richer()9.MostofthepeopleinChinaaregetting________.A.moreandmorerichB.morerichandmorerichC.richerandricher　()10.Whichlessonis_______,thisoneorthatone?A.difficultB.muchdifficultC.moredifficult()11."A______accidenthappenedat7:30a.m."saidthepoliceman_______.A.serious,seriousB.seriously,seriouslyC.serious,seriously()12.________isitfromourschooltoLubei?A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.Howfar()　13.Inourcity,itis______inJuly,butitiseven_______inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hot;hotter()　14.Thispencilis______thatone.A.solongasB.aslongerasC.longerthan()15.Thestationistwokilometers_______thehospital.A.awaytoB.awayfromC.faraway()16.Beijinghas______manybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours.A.soB.veryC.too()17.Thisboxis______heavy________Ican'tcarryit.A.too,toB.so,thatC.very,that()18.Indiahasthesecond_______populationintheworld.A.largerB.mostC.largest()19.Maryreceived________manypostcardsatChristmas.A.soB.suchC.too()20.Thecakesmells______.Pleasethrowitaway.A.goodB.badlyC.bad()21.Itrainedso________thatpeoplecould_______goout.A.hardly…hardB.hardly…hardlyC.hard…hardly()22.Theyhaven'tgoteverythingready_____.A.everB.alreadyC.yet　()23.How_______canyoufinishthedrawing?Intenminutes.A.often　　B.soon　　C.long　　()24.Howbeautifullyshesings!I'veneverheard________.38\nA.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.abettervoice()25.MrSmithalwayshassome________totellus.A.goodpiecesofnewsB.piecesofgoodnewsC.goodpieceofnews()26.I'mafraidtheheadmasteris_________busytomeetthevisitors.A.toomuchB.muchtooC.somuch()27.IthinkIwillhavea______holidaysoon.A.four-daysB.four-dayC.fourdays()28.Thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.twiceasmany　　　C.asmanytwice()29.Whata_______dayitis!Let'sgooutforawalk.A.windyB.lovelyC.rainy()30.Ofthetwostudents,Tomis________one.A．tallestB.tallerC.thetaller　　介词1.在以this,that,next,tomorrow,every等开始的词组前，不用介词。thisevening/intheevening2.at+时间点，in+时间段.at3:00/intheafternoon3.on+具体的某日或某日的早、午、晚。onMondaymorning4.in+大地点，at+小地点.inBeijing,atthevillage5.among+多者，between+两者.amongthestudents/betweenyouandme6.across+表面（横穿），through+空间（纵穿）。Theriverrunsthroughourcity./Becarefulwhenyougoacrossthestreet.7.on与物体表面接触，over在物体正上方，above在物体斜上方。onthedesk/overthecity/aboveourheads8.besides除…外还有，except不包括后者。IcanspeakEnglishbesidesChinese./WeallgotoschoolexceptTom.介词练习题()1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;in()2-Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?A.onB.inC.out()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.on()4Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.at()5Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.for()6Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;of()7Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundred38\nyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepast()8Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweek()9Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyear()10____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.At()11Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.at()12Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;iniB.to;inC.to;on()13Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;at()14Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;having()15Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;in()16Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.in()17Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;for()18Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.A.afterB.forC.in()19Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.in()20TheyreachedBeijing____theend.A.byB.atC.in()21Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.at()22Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.during()23Wedidn'tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.after()24Don'tworry.Hewillreturn____.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongago()25Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeago()26Itwasnot_____theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebefore()27Idon'tliketosit___Tom'sright.Iwouldliketosit___thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;at()28Theplaneisflying_____.A.intheskyB.inairC.inspace38\n()29Thereisasweetsmell___.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.inthesky()30Weheldaninterestingparty___.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenair()31Tomsitsin____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.A.frontof;atbackofB.thefrontof;atthebackofC.frontof;atthebackof()32Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim'sleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.in;on()33Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;to()341likemooncakes____meat____them.A.in;onB.with;onC.with;in()35Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;from()36Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.A.aboutB.inC.to()37Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;in()38Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.A.inB.onC.at()39Don'tread____thesun.It'sbad___youreyes.A.in;forB.under;forC.with;to()40Therearesomanyapples___thattree.A.inB,onC.at,()41Theboatispassing___thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.under()42Twoplanesareflying___thecity.A.throughB.over.C.on.()43Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast____thehill.A.underB.belowC.over()44Doyouseethelight___yourheads?A.overB.crossC.above()45Themanstood____thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.A.inB.byC.with()46Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo___?A.throughB.acrossC.on()47Didyourfriendsendyousomething___theendoflastweek?A.atB.byC.in()48Themonument____thoseheroesstands____thefootofthemountain.A.of;atB.to;onC.to;at()49Myunclelives____88BeijingStreet.A.toB.ofC.at()50Theyarewaiting___abus___thebusstop.A.for;inB.on;atC.for;38\nat()51Awomanfell___theboat___thewater.A.off;intoB.at;belowC.down;under()52Thetwotablesaresoclosethatthere'shardlyanyroomtomove___them.A.amongB.betweenC.inthemiddleof()53Wevisitedhimathisworkplace___theyoungtrees.A.inB.amongC.between()54Thereisthedifference___ChinesefoodandAmericanfood.A.fromB.atC.between() 55Thereisabook-store___ourhouse.A.atB.throughC.near()56Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors____ourschool.A.toB.forC.around() 57Wehaveclasseseveryday____Sunday.A.besideB.besidesC.except()58Whatdoyouspendyourtimeon___workandstudy?A.exceptB.besidesC.but()59___thehelpoftheteacher,Tomhasmaderapidprogress__hisstudies.A.For;atB.Of;forC.With;in()60Thechildrenareinterested___thissubject.A.toB.withC.in()61Hismotheroftenhelpshim___Englishsohedoesbetter___Englishthanothers.A.with;inB.on;inC.in;with()62Theletterwaswritten___ink.A.withB.inC.by()63___themoney,sheboughtanewcoat___herfather.A.With;forB.With;toC.For;with()64WeiHuagetsonwell___herclassmates.A.withB.inC.to()65Don'tlaugh____him,heonlymadeasmallmistake.A.atB.toC.about()66Theyarefillingtheirbags____booksandotherthings.A.inB.withC.of()67WeChinesepeopleareall___ourmotherland.A.famousforB.proudofC.busywith()68Thebeautifulbottlewasmade____glass.A.fromB.inC.of()69Thepaperismade____wood.A.fromB.inC.of()70Theywereinvitedtoanimportantball____thefirsttime____theirlives.A.for;inB.at;inC.on;for五、代词1．概说：代替名词及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词2．分类：8类人称代词：I、me反身代词：myself、ourselves指示代词：such/this/these不定代词：nothing/everybody38\n相互代词：eachother/oneanother疑问代词：Who/what关系代词：that/as/who/whom/whose物主代词：my、mine3．用法1)常作主语和宾语：Hehelpshimalot．2)作定语、代替上下文中的名词短语Mybagisnew，hersisold．3)作宾语、表语和同位语IlearnEnglishbymyself．Iamnotquitemyself．Imyselfdon’tknowwheretogo4)作主语、宾语、表语和定语Thisisadesk．Pleasetakethis．WhatIwanttobuyisthis．Heissuchanhonestboy．Bothareclever．Youcantakeeither．Allthebooksarenew．Thatisall．Weshouldhelpeachother．Wedon’tknoweachother’snames．4.部分不定代词的区别1)both：指两个人或物all：三个或三个以上人或物Bothofmytwosistersareclever．AllofmyfriendsareChinese．2)each：指两个或两个以上人或物every：三个或三个以上人或物Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet．Everyroomisclean．3)theother：指两者中的另一个another：三个或三个以上中的又一、再一Hehastwobrothers．Oneisadoctor，theotherisateacher．Shewillstayhereanothermonth．4)some：用于肯定句，表示请求询问时用于疑问句。any：用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。Someboysaresinging．Wouldyoulikesomeeggs？Idon’thaveanybooks．Isthereanywaterinthecup？IfIfindany，I’llsharewithyou．5)afew、alittle：表示肯定意义，前者接可数名词复数，后者接不可数名词Afewpersonsagreetheidea．Alittlemoneyhasbeenspentonit．6)few、little：表示否定意义，前者接可数名词复数，后者接不可数名词Fewcakeshasbeensold．Littlewaterisleft．7)neither：指两个人或物（否）none：三个或三个以上人或物（否）Neitherlegisstrongenough．NoneofthemisChinese．8)强调句中，如强调主语，则用主格；如强调宾语，则用宾格：It’sIwhoamhisbestfriend.It’sherthatwearetalkingabout.9)人称代词的顺序：单数并列二、三、一；复数要按一、二、三.　时时注意比身份,人总要在动物前.单身男女同时到,男士反而要优先.　　　You,heandIaregoodfriends.你、我、他是好朋友.　　　We,youandtheyareChinese.我们、你们、他们都是中国人.　　注：1.在主动承担责任或承认错误时,习惯上把I放在最前面,其常见顺序是:I,he(she)andyou;Iandhe(she);Iandyou.例如:Iandshearewrong.我和她都错了.2.名词位于人称代词之前，人称代词位于其他代词之前.theteacherandshe;heIandsomeothers38\n　10)this/that有时可作副词，表示程度：Theappleisthisbig.代词练习题（）1.Youmaycometomyhouse____thisweek____nextweek.A.neither;orB.from;toC.either;or（）2.Idon'tthinkwecandoitall____.A.byourselvesB.bymyselfC.byourself（）3.Idon'twantthisshirt.Pleaseshowme____.A.othersB.theothersC.another（）4.Ican'trepairthemodelship____.Canyouhelp ____ ?A.me;meB.myself;myselfC.myself;me（）5.Doesyourbrotheroftenwashclothes ____  ?A.heB.himselfC.herself（）6.WestudyChinese,English,mathsandsome ____ subjects.A.theotherB.oneC.other（）7.Ihavetwosisters. ____ ofthemaredoctors.A.BothB.AllC.Either（）8.Thebookontheshelfis  __.Shewrote  ___  nameonitscover___.A.hers;her;herselfB.her;hers;herselfC.herself;her;hers（）9."Don'tworry.There's____ muchwrongwithyou."saidthedoctor.A.nothingB.everythingC.something（）10.Theyare____thesamesize，soyoucantake__ofthem.A.at;eachB.in;bothC..in;either（）11.BobandJohnhavecomeback,but____studentsintheclassaren'thereyet.A.theotherBothersC.another（）12.Shestayedtherelongerthan____.A.anyoneB.anythingelseC.anybodyelse（）13.Isthisherbike?No,itisn't.It's____.A.mineB.myC.me（）14.Heisaboy. ____ nameisWangBing.  A.HeB.HisC.Her（）15.What'sthis?     ____ .   A.It'sabreadB.ItisabreadC.It'sbread（）16.Thebowlsareonthetable.Therearesomeeggsin ____ .A.theB.themC.it（）17.Let ____haveameeting.A.meB.youC.us（）18.Motheroftensees  ____onSunday.A.herallfriends  B.allherfriendsC.herallfriend（）19.Hewantsyoutotalk  ____  aboutChina.A.anythingB.nothingC.something（）20.Grannyseemsill.Areyousureit's  ____ ?A.nothingseriousB.anythingseriousC.seriousnothing连词1.并列连词1）表示对等关系both…and,and,notonly…butalso等等38\n2）表示转折关系but,while,yet等等3）表示选择关系or,either…or等等4）表示因果关系for,so,therefore等等2.从属连词1）引导名词性从句that，whether，if等2）引导副词性从句when,assoonas,unless,sothat,nowthat,since等3）引导形容词性从句who,when,where,how,why,that等连词练习题()1.Heisveryold,____hestillworksveryhard.A.butB.ifC.when()2.Theyhadcampedoncebefore,____theyknewwhattotake.A.becauseB.nowC.so()3.Whythesethingshappenedwas____thedriverhadbeencareless.A.becauseofB.owingtoC.that()4.Althoughit'sraining,____arestillworkinginthefields.A.theyB.buttheyC.andthey()5.___wehavesatisfiedyou,youhavenogroundsofcomplaint.A.SoB.SincethatC.Nowthat()6.Writeclearly____yourteachercanunderstandyoucorrectly.A.sinceB.forC.sothat()7.You'llmissthetrain____youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.if()8.Hedidthetask____hisbrother.A.asgoodasB.asbetterasC.aswellas()9.Thesizeoftheaudience,____wehadexpected,waswellovertwentythousand.A.asB.whatC.that()10.Itlooks____it'sgoingtorain.A.thatB.asC.asif()11.____toNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.A.BecauseshewentB.AftershewentC.Sinceshewent()12.Wearrivedatthestation____thetrainhadleft.A.afterB.beforeC.since()13.Givemeonemoreminute____I'llhavefinished.A.soB.untilC.and()14.Theworkerhunted(搜寻)forjobsinNewYorkformonths,____hecouldnotfindanywork.A.andB.yetC.or()15.Hurryup,____you'llbelate.A.orB.andC.so()16.Donotmakethesamemistake____Idid.A.soB.asC.like()17.Mysisterisexpectingme,____Imustbeoffnow.A.howeverB.orC.so()18.Weshouldpayattention____toindustry____toagriculture.A.either,orB.neither,norC.both,and38\n()19.Heranoff____Icouldstophim.A.beforeB.afterC.since()20.____youtoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.A.AsB.UntilC.After()21.Wherehaveyoubeen____youlefthome?A.beforeB.asC.since()22.Wehaveproduced15%morecottonthisyear____wedidlastyear.A.asB.thanC.like()23.____hewillcomeornotisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhereC.Whether()24.Hespokeloudly____theaudiencecouldhearhimclearly.A.soB.thatC.sothat()25.Youmustworkhard,____youwillnotlearnEnglishwell.A.ifB.whetherC.otherwise()26.Wemustdo____thepeoplewantustodo..A.whateverB.howeverC.wherever()27.____youwork,youmustalwaysservethepeopleheartandsoul.A.WhereverB.WheneverC.Where()28.___difficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfinishitthismonth.A.NomatterhowB.NomatterwhatC.Nomatterwhen()29.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficulties___wearecloselyunited.A.sofarasB.solongasC.assoonas()30.___Iknowhewillstayhereforhalfayear.A.AssoonasB.AslongasC.Sofaras()31.Pleasewriteme____youarriveinNewYork.A.aswellasB.solongasC.assoonas()32.Thatisnot____Iwant.A.thatB.whyC.what()33.___hediditremainsasecret.A.WhatB.WhomC.How()34.Itisquiteclear____hewon'tseeus.A.whatB.thatC.how()35.Wouldyoutellme____wayIshouldtake?A.whatB.thatC.which()36.Iamsure____yousaidistrue.A.whatB.thatC.which()37.Thetroubleis____wecannotfindsuchanexpert.A.whyB.thatC.where()38.Ithasnotbeendecided____theywillleave.A.whyB.whenC.which()39.Hewilltellyouaboutit____yougetthere.A.whileB.asC.when()40.Ican'tuseyourpen,___thereisnoinkinit.A.forB.whenC.if38\n()41.Goback___youcamefrom.A.untilB.whereC.which()42.Youwillfindfriendlypeople___yougoinChina.A.whereB.andC.wherever()43.___hehasfinishedwritingthenovelisunknown.A.IfB.WhetherC.When()44.We'llgoandseethepatient___wearebusy.A.evenifB.forC.if()45.Themuseumis___far____itwilltakeushalfanhourtogettherebybus.A.such...thatB.as...asC.so...that第二章、语法一、主谓一致1.用Which、What引导的主语从句实质意义数的概念有时取决于后面的表语Whichareyourseats？Whatheboughtmeasagiftareafewbooks．2.书名国名等名词作主语时，谓语用单数TheUnitedStatesisalargecountry．3.成对名词作主语时，谓语用单数，需用冠词时只用一个Aknifeandforkisonthetable．Successandfailureiscommoninlife．4.oneandahalf的名词复数作主语时，谓语用单数Oneandahalfappleshasgonebad．5.在两个形容词＋一个单形结构中，单形名词如有复念，用复形动词EnglishandFrenchgrammararenotveryhardtolearn．6.在主系表结构中，主语的数形与表语的数形不一致时，系动词的形式多与主语一致。Diamondsareafavouritesubjectwiththelady．7.在强调句中，系动词用单数Itwasmybrotherswhodidit．8.every、each＋单名＋and＋every、each＋单名作主语，动词用单数Eachhourandeachminuteisimportant．9.两个what从句用作并列主语时，用复形动词WhatIsayandwhatIdoaremyownaffair．10.morethanone（不止一个）和manya（许多）修饰的主语为单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Manyawayhasbeentried．11.当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：EithertheteacherorthestudentsareareEnglish.12.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式.Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.13.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式.MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.14.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.38\n15.某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.Hisfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.16.The+形容词作主语时，动词用复数.Thericharenotalwayshappy.17.Manyis/wasthetime/thingthat…这一结构需用单形动词is/wasManyisthetimeI’vethoughtofleaving.有好多次我都想离去主谓一致练习题()1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.　　   A.is     B.are      C.hasbeen      　　     ()2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.　　   A.is     B.are      C.was         　　    ()3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.　　   A.has   B.have     C.are           　　  ()4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.　　   A.was     B.were   C.havebeen   　　   ()5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers‘officeafterclass.　　   A.am  B.is                   C.are                         　　　()6.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.　　   A.are    B.is    C.were   　　  ()7.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.　　   A.are    B.is   C.was　　   ()8. MrSmith，togetherwithhischildren，____arrived.　　   A.are    B.has   C.is   　　   ()9. It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.　　   A.is…is B.am…is   C.is…am   　　  ()10. NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.　　   A.are    B.were   C.is　　   ()11.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.　　   A.isnotdecided               B.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecided 　　     ()12.Thattheywerewronginthesematters_____nowcleartousall.　　   A.is   B.was   C.are   　　    ()13.Halfofhisgoods____stolentheotherday.　　   A.are   B.were   C.is   　　    ()14.Maths____thelanguageofscience.　　   A.are       B.aregoingtobe      C.is           　　    ()15.Eachofthestudents_____aChinese-Englishdictionary.　　   A.have     B.has   C.thereis  　　    ()16.Theyeach____abeautifulcoat.　　   A.have      B.has          C.thereis  　　  ()17.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.　　   A.stand  B.stands        C.standing  　　    ()18.Thispairofshoes____madeinNanjing.　　   A.is   B.are   C.havebeen   　　 ()19.Nooneexceptmyparents_____anythingaboutit.38\n　　   A.    know    B.knows            C.isknowing 　　   ()20.Anumberofstudents_____fromthesouth.　　   A.are   B.is   C.have  　　   ()21.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth____small.　　   A.are   B.is   C.have   　　 ()22.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost，　　   A.is   B.are   C.was   　　 ()23.His“SelectedPoems”_____firstpublishedin1965.　　   A.were   B.was   C.hasbeen  　　 ()24.Allbutone____herejustnow.　　   A.    is    B.was           C.were　　()25.Nobody____tosmokeinthecinema.　　   A.    allows   B.allow   C.isallowed   　　   ()26.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.　　   A.    are   B.is   C.hasbeen  　　   ()27.____canbedone_____beendone.　　   A.    All；have  B.Allthat；have C.Allthat；has　　()28.Thepolice____thethiefeverywhere.　　   A.    issearchingfor     B.searchesforC.aresearchingfor    　　()29.Applesofthiskind____.　　   A.    tastesgood B.tasteswell  C.tastegood   　　()30.Yourtrousers____dirty，youmusthave_____washed.　　   A.    is；it      B.are；it      C.are；them    　　   ()31.Where____rubbish，thereareflies.　　   A.    thereare   B.thereis     C.is      　　()32.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.　　   A.    is；four    B.are；four    C.was；five   　　 ()33.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.　　   A.have   B.has    C.is   　　  ()34.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____elected.　　   A.are    B.have     C.is　　()35.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_____bytheirteacher.　　   A.    arepraised   B.ispraised   C.praised   　　 　二、直接引语和间接引语1.词的变化：here-there,come-go,today—thatday,these—those,now-then,this-thatago—beforeyesterday—thedaybeforenextday—thenextdaylastweek—theweekbeforetomorrow—thenextday2.间接引语特殊变化的情况A.当引述的动词为现在时形式时Tomsays：‘ourteacheriskindtous．Tomsaysthattheirteacheriskindtothem．B.具有反意疑问句时“Youhavegotwell，haven’tyou？SheaskedifI/hehadgotwell．C.具有感叹句时Shesaid：‘whatalovelydayitis！’38\nShesaidwhatalovelydayitwas．D.为强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时Hesaidthathewillbebacktonight．E.当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间状语时Hesaidthathejoinedthearmyin1934．F.当直接引语是虚拟语气时“Itistimethatwebeganourclass．”saidtheteacher．Theteachersaiditwastimethattheybegantheirclass．将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______methertheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.三、反意疑问句的特例1前半部分有表示推测意义的情态动词时，反问部分取决于情态动词后的实意动词的人称和时态。Hemustbeastudent，isn’the？Tomcan’tbeintheclassroom，ishe？2前半部分的主语为everything、nothing、something、anything，反问部分主语用itEverythingisreadynow，isn’tit？3若陈述句动词为must＋have＋过去分词，若强调对过去事情的推测，反问部分用didn’t；若强调动作的完成，反问部分用haven’t。Hemusthavemetheryesterday，didn’the？Youmusthaveseenthefilm，haven’tyou?38\n4前半部分出现否定前后缀时，反问部分仍用否定结构。Heisunfitforhisjob，isn’the？5前半部分为I、wedon’tthink、suppose、expect、believe、imagine结构时，反问部分取决于宾语从句，前半部分若不是第一人称时，反问部分仍取决于主语的人称和谓语变化。Idon’tthinkhecanswim，canhe？Youdon’tthinkIcanswim，doyou？6前半部分有wish时，反问部分用may构成。Iwishtogotherewithyou，mayI？7在there＋其他动词形式中，反问部分用代词做主语Theregoesthebell，doesn’tit？8以so、oh开头的句子，反问部分与前面相同Soheagreedtoourplan，didhe？Ican’tdoitbymyself．Oh，youcan’t，can’tyou？9当前半部分为并列句，当前半部分与靠近的分句保持一致Manystudentsfailed，buthedidn’tloseheart，didhe？10当前半部分有hadbetter时，反问部分用had或shouldYouhadbettergotherebyair，hadn’tyou\shouldn’tyou？11当主语是I时，反问部分用aren’tI？Iamyourfriend，aren’tI？12若mustn’t表示禁止时，反问部分用mustYoumustn’twalkongrass，mustyou？13前半部分主语是this、that、these、those，反问部分用it、theyThisisimportant，isn’tit？14前半部分含有宾语从句的主从复合句，反问部分取决于主句。Hesaidthathewouldcome，didn’the？15前半部分有hardly等否定词时，反问部分用肯定形式Thelittleboycanhardlyspeak，canhe？反意疑问句练习题()1.Fewofthemhurtthemselvesintheaccidentlastnight,________?A.don'ttheyB.didn'ttheyC.didthey()2.Hissisterhadabadcough,______she?A.wasn'tB.doesn'tC.didn't()3.JohncanhardlyunderstandanyChinese,_________he?A.can’tB.doesn'tC.can()4.Don'tsmokeinthemeeting-room,_________?A.doyouB.willyouC.canyou()5.Lucy,youcleantheblackboardtoday,_______?A.doyouB.didyouC.willyou()6.Theladycouldn'tsayawordwhenshesawthesnake,________?A.couldtheladyB.couldn'ttheladyC.couldshe()7.Tinaisunhappynow,________?A.isn'tsheB.issheC.ishe()8.Myunclehasneverbeentoaforeigncountry,_______?38\nA.hasheB.doesheC.hasn'the()9.Thereissomewaterinthatbottle,isn't_______?A.thereB.itC.that()10.----Let'sgoandplayfootball,__________?A.willyouB.doyouC.shallwe()11.You'dratherwatchTVthisevening,______?Q8AW_bdt A. isn'tit   B. hadn'tyou   C. wouldn'tyou   ()12.Isupposeyou'renotgoingtoday,______?9!8"uBV A. areyou   B. doyou  C. don'tyou ()13.Iwishtoshakehandswithyou,______?\C.[#t~% A. shall I  B. mayI  C. doI   ()14.Threehoursoughttobeenoughtime,______?~_!GY\Zn\ A. oughtn'tthreehours  B. didn'tthey  C. shouldn'tit  ()15.Whenthecarcrashed,yourbrotherescapedbeinghurt,______?]!'NFwYL+ A. didn'the  B. didhe  C. didit  ()16.I'msureitisdirty,______?-
d`&HkdS A. amI  B. isn'tI  C. aren'tI ()17.Anyonecanjointheclub,______?d-mu@O.%N A. cananyone  B. can'tanyone  C. can'tthey  ()18.Youthinkyou'refunny,______?075wO#= A. didn'tyou  B. areyou  C. don'tyou  ()19.Janeusedtotakepartinlaborinthatvillage,______?Y^aMXYR|e< A. usedshe  B. didshe  C. didn'tshe  ()20.Whatbeautifulweather,______?8>{ANQ^X{ A. isit  B. isn'tit  C. won'tit  ()21.Youmusthavemadethemistake,______?mhr+q> A. mustn'tyou  B. haven'tyou  C. didn'tyou  ()22.Theymusthavestayedathotellastnight,______?/*o7@qQS A. mustn'tthey  B. haven'tthey  C. didn'tthey  ()23.Youmustbehungry,______?#hzj< A. mustyou  B. mustn'tyou  C. aren'tyou ()24.Letusgohome,____?AwillyouBdoyouCshallwe()25.Something'llhavetobedoneabouttheairpollution,______?-=^itM
 A. won'tit  B. willit  C. hasit 四、定语从句（一）只用that不用which的情况1.当先行词是all、everything、anything、something时ThatisallthatIwanttobuy．2.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen．3.先行词被thelast/theonly/thevery修饰时38\nThisistheonlypenthatIhave．4.先行词包含了人和物两方面的含义时Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool．5.主句是which开头的特殊疑问句Whichisthepenthatyouboughtyesterday？6.在therebe或therelive结构中，先行词指物时ThereisabookthatIaminterestedin．7.先行词被all/few/every修饰时ThisisallthemoneythatIhavehad．（二）只用who不用that1.先行词为指人时(those)Thosewhowanttogotherewillbeatthegateoftheschool．2.在therebe或therelive结构中，先行词指人时Thereisayoungmanwhoasksforyou．3.先行词为指人的不定代词one/anyone/allThestudentshouldlearnfromistheonewhoworkshard．定语从句练习题()1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof____youarenotsure.^IM)p7xY   A.which  B.what C.as   ()2.Isthisthefactory____youvisitedtheotherday?TM"<hFx-   A.that   B.where    C.inwhich   ()3.Isthisfactory_____someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?LKVa/3+   A.that   B.where   C.theone ()4.Isthisthefactory____heworkedtenyearsago?PejQH)k   A.that   B.where    C.which ()5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces____couldn’tbefound.Bj?-tnH   A.that   B.where    C.inwhich  ()6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__waterchangesintoice.&c7!t-VQ;   A.atwhich  B.onthat   C.inwhich  ()7.I’lltellyou____hetoldmelastweek.*F;L