初中英语替代讲义 6页

名思教育辅导讲义学员姓名辅导科目英语年级授课教师课题替代授课时间2015.教学目标能够区分不同替代词并熟知它们对应的用法重点、难点替代词的应用考点及考试要求语法填空、完形填空、作文教学内容it，one，ones，that，those表替代it，one，ones，that，those可以用来代替上文中提到的名词，以避免重复。现将其用法归纳如下：1.it1)代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物(同名同物)，不能带修饰语：---Doyouwantthemagazine?---Yes，Iwantit.Idon'twanttodrinkthetea．Itistoohot．2)it用作人称代词时，可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语，也可替代性别不明的婴儿。Oncethesupermarketcloses,itwillmeanthat200workerswillbelaidoff.No,shewasnotathomelastnight.Whataboutit?Itwouldbeapitytomissit.Itisnotworthgettingupset.It'sprobablethatwe'llbealittlelate.Ifinditdifficulttotalktoyouaboutanythingserious.Shethoughtitawasteoftimearguingwithhim.Georgemadeitdearthathedisagreed.2.one\n1）代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，表泛指（同类但不是同一）前面可以有冠词或形容词，也可以有this或that或another，但前不能有物主代词：Ihave1ostmypen．I’mgoingtobuyone.Thispendoesn’twork.Imustbuyanotherone.Ipreferthisonetothatone.比较：　　I’mlookingforaflat.I’dlikeasmallonewithagarden.　　I’mlookingforaflat.I’dlikeonewithagarden.（不能说：...aonewithagarden.）2）one作为不定人称代词,可泛指“任何一个人”，有one's和oneself形式。多用于正式文体，口语中也可用he/his代替第二个one/one's.Onehastotakecareofoneselfandone'sfamilyifhecan.Oneshouldn'thesitatetocorrecthis/one'smistakes.Ifonewantstoseetheruins,hemustfindhisownguide.(如果一个人想看那废墟,他必须找自己的向导。)Oneofthegirlstudentshasn'thandedin_____composition.A.one'sB.hisC.theirD.her3．ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，表泛指，前面不用物主代词修饰，也不用these或those来直接修饰，除非ones前面有形容词：Ihaveanewcoatandseveraloldones.Theseyellowwaistcoatsaresosmall.Iwantthosegreenones.4theone替代表特指的单数名词：Herearesixrings.Pickouttheoneyoulikebest.Handmemycoat.It'stheonehangingonthewall.Yourdictionaryismoreusefulthantheonemyunclegaveme.5theones替代表特指的复数名词：Don’tbuytheexpensiveapples;getthecheaperones.\nI’dliketotryonthoseshoes，theonesatthefrontofthewindow.Aretheytheoneswhomovedhererecently?6．that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类不同一的东西。that既可代替不可数名词，又可代替单数可数名词，其后总有后置定语，一般不指人：1)Lifeinthecountrysideseemsmoreexcitingthanthatintown.I'mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthanthatinthecity.2)指代可数名词时，that相当于theoneMyroomisbetterthanthat/theonenextdoor.3)若后置定语为of引起的介词短语，则通常用that。Thepriceofwheatishigherthanthatofrice.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.7．those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指;有时theones和those可互换使用，常有后置定语：Thestudentsinourclassworkharderthanthoseintheirclass.Thebookismoredifficultthanthosewehavereadbefore.Studentswhodowellinexaminationsarethose［theones］wholiketoaskquestionsinclass.观察并分析下列句子中的one/ones:1I’mreadinganewbookthesedays,_____inEnglish.A.itB.thatC.oneD.which2Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____Iwillalwaystreasure.(02全国35)A.thatB.oneC.itD.what3.Mymostfamousrelativeofall,_____whoreallylefthismarkonAmerica,wasRebSussel,mygreat-grandfather.(06江苏22)A.oneB.theoneC.heD.someone总之：1．one/ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指代单数,ones指代复数，所代替的是同名异物，表示泛指，可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用，特指时必须加the，用theone/ones。2．that用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,表特指其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those。that指代可数名词时，相当于theone；those相当于theones。3．it特指上文提到过的同名同物，不能带修饰语；可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用\n作形式主语/宾语用以代替不定式、动名词或从句作主语/宾语，也可指性别不明的婴儿。比较：1Canyoulendmeapen?—Sorry.Ihaven’tgotone.　CanIborrowyourpen?—Sorry，I’musingit.2MyuncleboughtmeadictionaryandIlikeitverymuch.　Yourdictionaryismoreusefulthantheonemyunclegaveme.3替代表特指的单数名词可用it，that，theone。1）替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用theone。Whoisherhusband?—Theonebythewindow.（只能用theone，替代人）2）当有前置定语修饰时，只能用theone。如：　　Whichdoyouwant?—Theredone.　　Shewouldratherhavethesmallonethanthelargeone.3）当有后置定语修饰时，通常用theone。如：　　Hesaidhewouldhavetheonenearhim.他说要靠近他的那一个。　　Isthattheonethatwaspublishedrecently?是最近出版的那一种吗?4）若后置定语为of引起的介词短语，则通常用that。5those来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句修饰时。如：　Wavesofredlightareabouttwiceaslongasthoseofbluelight.红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。　Thoseofyouwhowishtogoonthetripmaysignuphere.你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。　　Hisideasarelittledifferentfromthoseofhisfriends.6.当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one（s）来替代。如：　Doyouneedcoffeecupsorteacups?（不能说：...orteaones?）　但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one（s）替代。如：　Wecanlendyouplasticchairsormetalones.练习：1.Ilike_______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one2.---Doyoulike______here?\n---Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it3.I’mreadinganewbookthesedays,_____inEnglish.A.itB.thatC.oneD.which4.MrGreengavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem.A.oneB.theonesC.someD.theothers5.—Haveyoueverseenasnakealive?—Yes,I’veseen_____.A.thatB.soC.oneD.it6.Ipreferastreetinasmalltownto_____insuchalargecityasShanghai.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one7.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment，____Iwillalwaystreasure.A.that　B.one　C.it　D.what8.—MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes，sir?—Yes，I’dliketotryonthosewhite___.A.oneB.onesC.twoD.pair填空：1Thevaseontheleftismorebeautifulthan__________ontheright.2ThecoffeeproducedinBrazilismorefamousthan__________inMexico.3Hisyoungersisteristallerthantheelder___.4Ineedtheplasticbags,notthepaper____.4Ilikethevasebetterthan_____________inanothershop.5Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthan_________ofmine.6Agrandparent’sjobiseasierthan______ofaparent.7ThecomputersinourschoolareconnectedtotheInternetwhile________intheirschoolaren’t.8Thestyleofthebuildingissimilarto_________ofatemple.9ACDplayermadeinJapancostsmorethan________madeinChina.10IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanew_______soon.\n五、教师评定：1、学生上次作业评价：○好○较好○一般○差2、学生本次上课情况评价：○好○较好○一般○差教师签字：教研主任签字：________