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初中英语总复习专题(主谓一致)主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。主谓一致要遵循三条原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。一、复习要点:1.语法一致的原则:语法一致的原则就是指主语和谓语动词保持语法形式上的一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。⑴单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句用作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。主语为复数名词或代词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Hisfatherworksforacomputercompany.他的父亲在一家电脑公司工作。Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes. 在阳光下看书对眼睛有害。Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall. 他所说的话对我们大家都很重要。⑵由连词and或both…and连接的并列主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如:NewYorkandBostonareAmericancities. 纽约和波士顿是美国城市。Bothsheandhersisterlikedrawingpictures. 她和她的姐姐都喜欢画画⑶由“a…andahalf,morethanone+名词”“oneandahalf+名词”,等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点构成的主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:AmonthandahalfhaspassedsinceIsawhim.自从我见到他,已经过去一个半月了。Morethanonepersonhereisgoingtofindanewjob. 这里不止一人准备找新工作。⑷主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;如果主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。例如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswife,hascometoChina.Thestudentsaswellastheirteacherwereplayingagameontheplayground. Nooneexcepttheteachersknowstheanswer. 除了老师没有人知道答案。She,likeyouandTom,isverytall. 她跟你和汤姆一样个子都很高。⑸主语为表示两部分构成的物体的名词(如:glasses,jeans,pants,scissors,trousers等)时,谓语动词用复数形式。但如果它们前面用了apairof,谓语动词的数取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:Mybluetrousershavewornout. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。ThispairofscissorsisChina-made. 这把剪刀是中国制造的。Herearesomenewpairsofshoes. 这里有几双新鞋。⑹主语为“thenumberof+复数名词”时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为“anumberof+复数名词”时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Thenumberofcarsisincreasing. 汽车的数目正在增长。Therewereanumberofpeopleoutthisafternoon. 今天下午有很多人外出。\nAgreatnumberofmigrantworkershaveenteredthecity. 大批的民工涌入了城市。⑺each或由some,any,every,no构成的复合代词用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Eachofushasanewdictionary. 我们每一个人都有一本新词典。Somebodyislookingforyou. 有人在找你。Everybodyisdoinghisbest. 人人都在尽力而为。There’snothinginterestinginthenewspaper. 报纸上没有什么有趣的新闻。Ican’tfindmypen–hasanyoneseenit? 我的笔找不到了——有谁看见了吗?eachof+复数代词,谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数.如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说⑻either,neither用作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。但是,如果后接“of+复数名词或代词”时,谓语动词用单复数均可。例如:Eitherisacceptable. 两者中哪一个都能接受。Neitherofuswashavinganyluck. 我们两个都不走运。Neitherofthesisterswasalive. 两姐妹都不在人世了。⑼在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等用作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。例如:Thisisthemanwhowantstoseeyou. 这就是想要见你的人。Thegirlswhoarecomingsoonaremystudents. 快要到来的那些女孩是我的学生⑽由what引导的主语从句,主句谓语动词一般用单数形式。但如果表示复数意义,主句谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:Whatweneednowistime. 我们现在需要的就是时间。Whatheleftmeareonlysomeoldbooks. 他留给我的只是几本旧书。2.意义一致的原则:主语形式为单数,但意义却为复数;有时主语形式为复数,但意义却为单数。这时,就要采用意义一致的原则,即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。⑴由and所连接的并列主语如果是指一个人或一种事物时,其后的谓语动词就用单数形式。例如:Thewriterandartisthascome. 那位作家兼艺术家来了。Thereisaknifeandforkonthetable. 餐桌上有一副刀叉。Fishandchipsisapopularfood. 炸鱼土豆片是一种很受欢迎的食物。Fiveandfivemakesten. (or:…maketen.) 五加五等于十。⑵由“eachAandeachB”或“everyAandeveryB”构成的并列主语,其后的谓语动词要用单数形式。有时,可以省去第二个each或every。例如:Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant. 每一小时和每一分钟都是宝贵的。Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp. 每一个男女都被要求给予帮助。⑶表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等名词的复数形式用作主语时,通常作为整体看待,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Threedaysistoolongforustowait. 要我们等三天,时间太长了。Ahundredmilesisalongdistance. 一百英里是一段很长的距离。Tenthousanddollarsischeapenoughforthathouse. 一万美金买那所房子是够便宜的。⑷有些形式为单数、意义为复数的名词(如:people,police,staff等)用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:\nThereweremanypeopleatthemeeting. 许多人参加了会议。Thepolicehavecaughtthethief. 警方抓住了那个盗贼。⑸集体名词(如:class,family,group,team,crowd等)用作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于集体名词的意义。当集体名词指整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;当集体名词指其中的个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Theclassisthebestoneinthegrade. 这个班级是年级中最好的班级。Almosteveryfamilythereownsamotorcar. 那里几乎每家都拥有一辆摩托车。 Beforethematchourteamwasexpectedtobethebestone. 比赛前,我们球队被认为是最好的。 Theteamaredrivingtothegameintheirowncars. 全队人开着自己的车去比赛。⑹none用作主语时,谓语动词多用复数形式;作为单数看待时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Noneofthesuggestionswasaccepted.Noneofthechildrenintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺some,any,all,more,most等代词做主语时,谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。例如:Some(oftheapples)remaingreen. 有些苹果还是绿的。Some(ofthefish)wentbad. 有些鱼发臭了。Allwasquietinthestreet. 街上一切平静。All(ofthepeople)havegone. 所有的人都走了。(8)主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行车,今天出售.60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了.Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的.Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了.3.就近一致的原则:就近一致的原则就是指谓语动词的数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。⑴Therebe句型和Herebe中的be的单复数形式取决于其后的主语,如果其后是由and连接的并列主语,则应与最靠近的那个主语保持一致。例如:Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom. 房间里有一张餐桌和四把椅子。Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou. 这里有一支笔、几个信封和一些纸给你。⑵当两个主语由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,whether…or连接时,谓语动词和最靠近的主语保持一致。例如:Nofoodorwaterisallowedtotakewith. 不准带食物和水。Eitheratelephoneorafaxmachineisneededinmyoffice.Neitheryounorheknowshowtoanswerthequestion.你和他都不知道如何回答这个问题。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherlikesthefilm. 二、例题分析:1.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?--______thestudentsinourschool______overtwothousand.〈选择填空〉 A.Thenumberof,is B.Thenumberof,are\n C.Anumber,is D.Anumberof,are分析:本题问“有多少学生”实际是问“学生的数量”,应该用thenumberof来回答;谓语动词用单数形式。(答案A)2.Morethanoneman______beensenttotheplacesince1979.〈选择填空〉 A.has B.have C.had D.is分析:“morethanone+单数名词”做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。(答案A)3.Whetherhecomesornot______nothingtodowithme.〈选择填空〉 A.are B.is C.has D.have分析:“Whetherhecomesornot”是主语从句,主句谓语动词用单数形式。(答案C)4.Sheepiskeptfortheirwoolandmutton.〈改错〉 分析:Sheep是单复数同形,句中有their一词,可知本句中的Sheep应为复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式。(答案is改为are)5.Allissatisfiedwithwhathesaid.(改错) 分析:本句中的All意为“所有人(=Allofthepeople)”,是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式。(答案is改为are)三、巩固练习。I..用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Twothousandmiles__________(be)toofarforustotraveloverashortvacation.2.Theoldinmycountry__________(be)caredforbytheirchildrenandgrandchildren.3.There__________(be)apairoftrousersonthesofa.4.Tendividedbytwo__________(equal)five.5.TheChinesepeople__________(be)agreatpeople.6.NobodybutTimandTom__________(be)intheroom.7.LiFanglikemanygirls__________(like)dancing.8.Everyboyandeverygirl__________(want)togothere.9.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth__________(be)sea.10.Allofthework__________(be)finished.II.选择填空。1.Therich______notalwayshappy.A.are B.is C.has D.have2.Theoldwoman,togetherwithhertwograndsons,______crossingtheroad.A.are B.is C.has D.have3.Thispairoftrousers______Lucy’s.Yourtrousers______onyourbed.A.is,are B.is,is C.are,are D.are,is4. 2.Tenkilometers______averylongwaytogoinaday.A.are B.has C.is D.have5.Climbinghills______betterthanhavingclasses.A.are B.is C.was D.have6.Whathewantedtoknow______whytheydidn’ttellhim.A.are B.was C.were D.is7.Eitheryouorhe______tostayathomethisafternoon.A.has B.have C.are D.is8.Neitherofthetwins______bread.A.like B.likes C.liked D.islike9.Fishandchips______myfavoritefood.\nA.is B.are C.has D.become10.Thesingeranddancer______cometoourcity.A.are B.is C.have D.has11.Three-fourthsofthewater______gone.A.is B.are C.have D.were12.Everybody,menandwomen,youngandold,______listeningtotheradiohere.A.enjoys B.enjoy C.isenjoyed D.areenjoyed13.EitherTomorMaria______suretoknowtheanswer.A.are B.be C.is D.were14.Neitheryounorhe______howtoanswerthequestion.A.know B.knows C.knowing D.toknow15.Iaswellasthey______readytohelpyou.A.am B.are C.is D. be16.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______aboutforty.A.is B.are C.were D.have17.Everyhourandeveryminute______important.A.are B.be C.is D.were18.Look!TheTurnerfamily______havingsupperunderthetreeinfrontoftheirhouse.A.is B.are C.like D.like19.Notonlythetwinsbutalsotheirfather______thefilm.A.like B.likes C.liking D.islike20.Heisoneofthechildrenwho______fondofplayingfootball.A.is B.was C.were D.are四、应用性训练。I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Neithertheteachernorthestudents__________(have)enoughtime.2.Mostofthehouses__________(need)painting.3.Apersonwhohasgoodfriends__________(enjoy)lifemore.4.John,togetherwithhisfamily,__________(be)flyingtoLondon.5.Fewofmyfamilyreally__________(understand)me.6.Onethirdofthestudents_______(be)boys.7.There______(be)twentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.8.Manyastudents________(have)thisnewdictionary.9.Everyman,womanandchild_______(be)askedtocontribute.10.Anoldmanormature(成熟)woman_____(be)neededforthisjob.II.选择填空。1. There_______alotofpeopleatthestreetcornerwhentheaccidenthappened.A. Was B.were C.havebeen D.had2. NeithershenorDickandI_____interestedinmaths.A. Is B.are C.am D.be3. Fishandchips_____themostpopulartake-awayfoodinEngland.A. Are B.is C.were D.was4. Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?---___thestudentsinourschool_____overtwothousand.A. Thenumberof;of B.Thenumberof;areC.Anumberof;of D.Anumberof;are5. Allmyclassmates,exceptWuLin,____interestedinsingingEnglishsongs.A. Is B.am C.are D.be\n6. NeitherhenorI____fromCanada.WeawefromAustralia.A. Is B.was C.am D.be7. TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChritmasDay.A. is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbe8. Hethinksthattwomoths____quitealongtime.A. is B.are C.be D.was9. There___asportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek. A.willhold B.willhave C.isgoingtobe D.isgoingtohold10. Arethetwinsontheeteam---No,neitherofthem_____ontheteam. A.is B.Are C.were D.be11. I’mgoingtodosomeshoppingthisSunday.---So____.A. do B.will C.amI D.Iam12. What___thepopularofCanada?Doyouthinkitwill_____?A. is;become B.are;become C.are;grow D.is;grow13. Thispairoftrousers____.A. ismine B.ismy C.aremy D.aremine14. Evenachildknowsthat____aremadeof___.A. glasses;glass B.glass;glassC.glasses;glassesD.glass;glasses15. Thenumberofpagesinthisbook____threehundred.A. is B.are C.has D.have16. TheSmiths____Chinasincethesummerof1993. A.hasbeento B.havebeento C.hasbeenin D.havebeenin17. NotonlytheparentsbutalsoMary____London.Theywillcomebackinfivedays.A. hasbeento B.havebeento C.hasgoneto D.havegoneto18. Inourcountry,theold___takengoodcareofandtheyoung___welleducated. A.is B.are C.has D.have19. Eachmanandeachwoman_____bringsomewaterhere.A. Has B.have C.hasto D.haveto20. EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therethen.A.is B.was C.are D.were初中英语总复习专题(19)主谓一致答案三、巩固练习:I..用所给动词的适当形式填空:1.is 2.are 3.is 4.equals 5.are 6.are 7.likes 8.wants 9.is 10.is II.选择填空:1—5ABACB 6—10DABAD 11—15AACBA 16—20ACBBD四、应用性训练。I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.have 2.need 3.enjoys 4.is 5.understand6.is7.are8.has9.was/is10.isII.选择填空。1-5BBBAC6-10CAACA11-15CDAAA16-20DCBCB