初中英语发音规则. 11页

初中英语音标发音规则一、元音和辅音英语共有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。辅音和元音在英语中的作用，就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。元音：元音:发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.（A）单元音a.前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/æ/b.中元音：/ә:/,/ә/c.后元音：/כ:/,/כ/,/u/,/u:/,/ɑ:/,/Λ/(B)双元音（8个）：a. 合口双元音：/ei/,/әu/,/ai/,/au/,/ɔi/\n  b.集中双元音：/iә/,/εә/,/uә/B.辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.辅音的分类：按其发音的方法分，有：a.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t／,/d/,/k/,/ɡ/b.摩擦音/f/，/v/，/θ/，/ð/，/s/，/z/c.破擦音/t∫/，/dӡ/，/tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/d.鼻音/m/,/n/,/ŋ/e.旁流音（舌侧音）/l/巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。单元音/i:/----Ee/i:/[i:]舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。Bb/bi:/、Cc/si:/、Dd/di:/、Gg/dʒi:/、Tt/ti:/、Vv/vi:/[i:]是字母e、ea、ee、ie、ei在单词中的发音(1)ewemeheshebefevermeterevening\n(2)eaeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakclean(3)eethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseek(4)iepiece(5)eireceiveceiling[i]-----big/big/舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音,发此音要短促而轻快。[i]是字母e、i、y在单词中的发音，(1)ebeginEnglishprettycinemadecidedelicious(2)isitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmiss(3)yboycityverysorrymanytwentyhappydictionary[e]--egg/eg/舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。Ff〔ef〕、Mm〔em〕、Nn〔en〕、Ss〔es〕[e]是字母e、ea、a在单词中的发音(1)ebedredletgetlegpenelephantdeskbetter(2)eaheadbreadpleasure(3)amanyany/æ/---bag/bæg/[æ]双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。\n是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音。badamandatsadhandhappyhatmapmadblackbackgladflagman/ә:/--bird/bә:d/[ә:]舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音(1)erherterm(2)irgirlbirdfirstthirdthirtyshirtskirtbirthday(3)orworkwordworld(4)urnurseturnhurtThursday[ә]--today/tə'dei/[ә]舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。是字母a、o、u、e、or、er、ur或ar在单词中的发音(1)aaboutabovealongAmericaaroundbananaCanadachina(2)otogethertomorrowtodaypolice(3)uautumn(4)ordoctoractorworkhomeworkhouseworkvistormirrorforget(5)erfathermotherbrothersisterrulerwaterdinnerdriverfarmer(6)ursurpriseSaturday(8)ardollar[ɔ:]---all[ɔ:l]\n双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。是字母o、al、ar、or、oar、our或oor在单词中的发音(1)ostoryoff(2)alsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalk(3)arwarmquarter(4)auAugustautumndaughter(5)orforshortsportmorehorse(6)oarboardblackboardcardboard(7)ourfouryour(8)oordoorfloor[ɔ]---box/bɔks/双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音是字母a、o在单词中的发音（1）([w])awantwashwatchwhat（2）ohotlotnotonsorry[u:]---do[du:]双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发“屋”之长音。Uu〔ju:〕Ww〔`dʌblju:〕是字母o、u、oo或ou在单词中的发音（1）odotowhotwo（2）ublueglueJune\n（1）oofoodroompoolbootschooltoozoo（2）ousoupgroupthrough[u]---put/put/双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。是字母u、oo或ou在单词中的发音(1)owomanwolf(2)oobooklookgoodfootwood(3)oulcouldwouldshould(4)uputsugarfullpushpull[ɑ:]---arm/ɑ:m/Rr〔α:〕双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音。(1)afastclasslastglassplant(2)arcarfarmcardfargardenpartypark[ʌ]---cup[kʌp]Ww〔`dʌblju:〕双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之“阿”音是字母o或u在单词中的发音(1)ocomenoneloveothersonmother(2)oobloodflood(3)outouchcountryenoughyoung(4)ubussunbutcutupusrun双元音\n[ei]---Aa〔ei〕舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。Hh〔eiʧ〕、Jj〔dʒei〕、Kk〔kei〕是字母a在开音节中的读音。⑴anamecakegamefacelategateplaneApril⑵airaintrainwait⑶aydaymayokayplaytodaysayway⑷eagreatbreak⑸ei(gh)eighteighteeneighty⑹eytheygrey[ai]--eye[ai]Yy〔wai〕将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的读音:(1)ibikefinefinddieninelightnighthigh(2)ymytryflyeye[ɔi]---oil[ɔil]双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。是字母oy和oi在单词中的读音(1)oyboytoyjoy(2)oisoilvoicechoicepoint[au]--out[aut]\n将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。是字母ou和ow在单词中的发音(1)ououtabouthouseblouseloud⑵owhownowcowtown[əu]--old[əuld]Oo〔əu〕口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。是字母o、oa和ow在单词中的发音(1)ogononosehomeopen(2)oagoatboatcoat(3)owshowknowyellowwindowownersnow[iә]---ear[iә]双唇张开岈床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。是字母ear、ere、ea、eer在单词中的读音(1)earealidea(2)earearheardearnearclear(3)eerdeercheerbeer(4)erehere[ɛə]--air[ɛə]双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。是字母air、are、ear、ere在单词中的读音⑴airairhairchairfair⑵arecarehareparent\n⑶earpearwearbear⑷eretherewhere[uə]--hour双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”音过渡到“厄”音。是字母our、oor、ure、eer在单词中的读⑴uresure⑵oorpoor⑶ourtour元音/i:/feefeedfeetteaseaseek/ɪ/fitdiddickpigpillpity/e/bedbetterbegbellbestsaid/æ/lablackbagbackbannerflag/ɑ:/carcardbarbathfarfather/ ʌ/bussumsupperrunrushrubber/ɔ:/doorfourformsawsoughtsorter/ɔ/songsocksorrylonglossdog/u:/twotoolsoonblueschoolgoose/u/goodbookstoodfoolcookput/ ɜ:/sirservesurfacestirturnwere\n/ə/againabovearrivereadereditor/eɪ/paypainpacesaysaverain/aɪ/whywideeyeicelieline/ɔɪ/joyjoinboypointcoinchoice/ɪə/beerfearhearhererealtheatre/eə/aircaredarebeartheredairy/uə/tourtouristpoorsureduring/əu/lowloadhoehomehopeknow/au/nowmouseloudmouthallow辅音/p/parkpigpathlampsleepcap/b/bedlabbookbitbestjob/ t/teatellmeethatspitewaiter/d/deskdatediceandfindred/ k/keykisskeepcakeinkweek/g/gategamegeteggagoleg/f/fatfastfeelfirstleafwife/v/veryvastverbbelievehavebrave/s/seeseeksonsnowbusless/z/zoozerozeallayssizeeyes/θ/thinkthankthingclothbreath\n/ð/thisthatthenbreathewithbathe/ʃ/sheepshareshavepushcrash/ʒ/measurepleasuretreasureoccasion/tʃ/chaircheaprichreachcatch/dʒ/jeepjokeJanelargeorange/tr/treetriptrytraintradetranslate/dr/dressdrydrivedropdreamdraw/ts/treatsstreetswaitsgetsmeets/dz/wordsbirdskindsaidsleads/ h/headhearthowhighhand/ r/rosericereadriverrainpretty/m/makemuchmonthmembersame/n/nicenorthnameneedsoon/ŋ/inkthinkthankangrythingsing/ j/yardyesyetyearyouryellow/w/wordwouldworldwakewindow/ ǀ/letlifelakebellsilkfool