初中英语动词变形 8页

动词的变形1.动词讲解实义动词：及物动词（带宾语）；不及物动词（不带宾语）。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词。①MrSmithgavehiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday．史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。②Heaskedtheteacherafewquestions．他向老师问了几个问题。不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词。Birdsfly.鸟会飞。IthappenedinJune1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。Mywatchstopped.我的表停了。系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be动词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest，continue, remain, stay, 如：He always kept silent at meeting.  他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.  此事仍是一个谜。Theweatherstaysfine.天气还是很好。3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired.  他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.  他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.Become和get多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化，但侧重于转变后的结果。当情况变坏时，往往用go表示，go和turn还可用于人或事物颜色的变化。Shewent/turnedbluewithcold.她冻得脸色发青了。Therottenmeatwent/turnedgreen.这块腐烂的肉变绿了。Come表示结果的圆满。如：  He became mad after that.  自那之后，他疯了。  She grew rich within a short time.  她没多长时间就富了。\n联系动词固定搭配：gomad发疯gobad变烂gowrong出毛病了gohungry饿了goblind变瞎gored\white变白\红fallill病倒fallasleep入睡cometrue实现comealive复活comeeasy变容易keepfit/silent/calm保持健康/沉默/冷静2.时态时态时间状语一般现在时always,hardly,often,usually,everyday,onceaweek,onSundays,sometimes,at等一般过去时attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,yesterday,lastweek,ago,theotherday,in1982，justnow等一般将来时next…,tomorrow,in+一段时间,before+时间点等现在完成时/现在完成进行时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等过去完成时before,by+过去的时间等过去进行时atthattime，atsixyesterday，atthatmoment等过去将来时...saidthat...thenextday/week/month/year语法项目构成规则变化不规则变化例句一般现在时动词用原形三人称单数-s/es一般-s–es辅音＋y---ieshave----has Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.一般过去时动词用过去时Be—was/were一般/去e双写/辅＋y结尾－iedgo-wentcome-camedo-didleave-left等Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.一般将来时begoingto＋V原will/shall+V原  Gocomeleavestayfly等用进行表将来Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.现在进行时be＋doing一般去e双写+ingtie die lie–变ie为y加ingTomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.现在完成时/现在完成进行have/has+PPhave/hasbeen+doing分词规则的同过去式是一样的不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.Hehassleptfortwodays..过去进行时was/were+doing多用于复合句中一般去e双写+ingtie die lie–变ie为y加ingHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday过去完成时had+动过去分词多用于复合句中规则的分词构成与过去时一样的需要逐个记忆详见不规则动词表Wehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendof lastyear.过去将来时would+V原形多用宾语从句中  Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.\n3.主动句与被动句的转化英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态。其形式为：Be动词+及物动词的过去分词如：Theteachergavehimadictionary.-----Hewasgivenadictionary(byhisteacher).Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld.(1)被动语态的用法：①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Amanwaskilledintheaccident.(一个人死于事故)/Thiswindowwasbrokenyesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Riceisalsogrowninthisplace.(这个地方也种水稻)/Arailroadwillbebuilthereinthreeyears.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：ItwaswrittenbyLuXun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/Apetdogisneverkilledbyitsowner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2)主动语态如何改写为被动语态：主动句：主语(人/物)+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(人/物)+其他+状语(动作的执行者)(各种时态形式)(动作的承受者)被动句：主语(人/物)+谓语(及物动词)+by+人/物+其他+状语(动作的承受者)(be+过去分词)(动作的执行者)(3)注意点：①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)Hisfathermadehimakite.→Akitewasmadeforhimbyhisfather.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.→Thepoormanwasmadetowork12hoursaday.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：Thegirltakesgoodcareofherlittlebrother.→Thegirl’slittlebrotheristakengoodcareofbyher.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：Heispleased/worried/tired/…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)Hewashit/knockeddown/told/shot/…….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)3.句型祈使句：句首动词用原形Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth./Itcostsb.somemoneytobuysth.Whatabout/Howaboutdoingsth.?做。。。事情怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkofdoingsth.?你认为做。。。事情怎么样？It's+形容词forsb.todosth.\n对某人来说，做某事很。。。（所接形容词用来修饰所做的这件事的性质）例：It'sdifficultforhimtofinishthetask.It's+形容词ofsb.todosth.某人很。。。做某事（所接形容词用来修饰人的品格）例：It'sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyhomework.Whatgreatfunitistodosth.做某事太开心啦。Doyoumind（one's）doingsht.?你介意（某人）做某事吗？4.情态动词之后一般用动词原形Must/can/may/might/should/could/beableto/shall5.不定式之后用动词原形agreetoto答应做某事asksb.todo要求某人做某事invitesb.todo邀请某人做某事want(sb.)todo想要（某人）做某事plantodo计划做某事have(no)timetodo有（没有）时间做某事encouragesbtodo鼓励某人做某事helpsb(to)do帮助某人做某事It'stime(forsb.)todo到时间做某事了havetodo不得不/必须做某事wouldliketodo想要做某事decide{not}todo决定（不）做某事hopetodo/wishtodo希望做某事wishsb.todo希望某人做某事例外：lookforwardtodoing期望做某事如：Ialwayslookforwardtohearingfrommyparents.我总是期待收到父母的来信。Preferdoing(A)todoing(B)与B相比，我更喜欢A如：Ipreferplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.与打篮球相比，我更喜欢踢足球。6.介词之后动词一般用-ing形式begoodatdoing擅长做某事begoodfor对做某事有好处例：Eatinglessandtakingmorepractiseisgoodforkeepinghealthy.beinterestedindoing对做某事很有兴趣getreadyfor准备好做某事haveagoodtimeindoing做某事很高兴by/throughdoing通过做某事例：Ifinallysucceededby/throughstudyinghard.with/withoutdoing有（没有）做某事例：It'snotpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.havefundoing做某事有乐趣enjoy/dislike/hatedoing喜欢/不喜欢/讨厌做某事finishdoing完成做某事practisedoing练习做某事go+动名词(动词-ing)spendsometime(in)doing花时间做某事keepdoing保持长时间做某事的动作keepondoing反复做某事bebusydoing忙着做某事\ndreamofdoing梦想做某事thankyoufordoing谢谢你为我做某事see/hear/watchsb.doing看到/听到/观看某人正在做某事7.名词短语中的动词用-ing形式Areadingclass/aswimmingpool/adrivingtestmakealiving(谋生活)8.Todo和doing都有的表达，彼此之间有区别liketodo喜欢做具体的事情likedoing强调兴趣，爱好begin/starttodo（已经完成前一件事）开始做另一件事；begin/startdoing某件事做到一半，停了一会儿（或中间做了另一件事），再开始接着做这件事还有三种情况用不定式表达：主语不是人；接心理活动；动词本身是beginning：beginningtostart例：Itbeginstorain.begintothink/know/believestoptodo停下之前在做的事，开始做这件事stopdoing停下手头上正在做的事Continue/goontodo停止做某事，继续做另一件事Continue/goondoing做了一会儿某事，中间停了一下，继续做这件事trytodo努力尝试做某事trydoing一种新的尝试forget/remembertodo忘记/记得去做某事(还没做)forget/rememberdoing忘记了/记得做过某事9.双写大全Beginning,running,planning,swimming,getting,shopping,chatting,sitting单选题:1.Whathesaidsounds_______.A.nicely                     B.pleasantly                C.friendly                  D.wonderfully2.Theseapplestaste________.A.tobegoodB.tobewellC.wellD.good3.Heturned____tenyearsagobutlaterhebecame_____.A.ateacher;adoctor    B.teacher;doctor       C.teacher;adoctor      D.ateacher;doctor4.Thedog_____lostyesterday.A.got                      B.became                   C.turned                          D.fall5.Theoldmanmusthave____mad.A.gone                     B.turned                          C.fallen                          D.driven6.Ifelt____thatIshouldleave.\nA.strong                          B.strongly                 C.tobestrong           D.verystrong  7.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it_____verysoft.A.isfeeling　　         B.felt　　               C.feels　　                D.isfelt8.Iamafraidtheweatherwill_____hotforafewdays.   A.last                  B.belasted               C.stay                    D.bestayed9.Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth_____poor.A.proves                  B.remains                C.maintains              D.continues10.Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.A.does　　               B.feels　　                C.gets　　                 D.makes11.Thecloththat___________smoothandsoft___________.A.feels;sellswell      B.feels;iswellsold   C.isfelt;sellswell   D.isfelt;sellsgood12.___________delicious,thefoodwassoonsoldout.A.Tasted            B.Beingtasted          C.Tasting           D.Totaste13.Happybirthday,Alice!Soyouhave____________twenty-onealready.A.become            B.turned                C.grown               D.passed14.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain___astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seat                  B.seating            C.seated                D.tobeseating情态动词和动词搭配1.--___________Itakethenewspaperaway?--No,youmustn’t.You___________readitonlyhere.A.Must,canB.May,canC.Need,mustD.Must,must2.MustIreturethebookatonce?No,you___________.butyou___________teturnitafterschool.A.needn’t,mustB.mustn’t,canC.mustn’t,mayD.can’t,need3.25.—Let’sgotothezoo,____?—OK.A.willyouB.don’tyouC.shallweD.can’tyou4.Ourteacheroftentellsus___________inthesereet.A.noplayB.notplayingC.nottoplayD.nottoplaying5.Mymotherisout,soI___________lookaftermylittlesister.A.mayB.mustC.havetoD.can6.Thestudentsstopped___________whentheteachercamein.A.totalkB.talkingC.talksD.talked7.Everybodyisbusy___________readyfortheexams.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.get8.Pleasedon’tforget___________thedoorwhenyouleave.A.pockedB.lockC.tolockD.locking9.Pleasewalkfast,___________we’llbelate.A.orB.andC.soD.then10.Theoldladysawme___________thepenonthefloor.A.droppedB.dropC.droppingD.todrop11.Isawtoeoldwoman___________herewhenIwaswalking.\nA.sit,passB.sitting,pastC.sitting,passD.sit,past12.___________themorningofseptember,ourschoolbegins.A.InB.OnC.AtD.To动词时态练习1.Iwilltellhimassoonashe_____backA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came2.Mary_____onshoeswhenshe____them.A.tries…buysB.tries…buiesC.trys…buysD.trys…buies3.Thegirloften______coldwhenshe______.A.cathcs…dancesB.catches…dancesC.catchs…danceesD.catches…dancee4._____he____himselfthere?No,Idon'tthinkso.A.Do…enjoyB.Does…enjoiesC.Does…enjoysD.Does…enjoy5._____yourteacher____fromthemveryoften?Certainly.A.Do…hearB.Does…hearC.Do…receiveD.receive6._____yourmother_____somecleaningonSundays?A.Does…doesB.Do…doesC.Does…doD.Do…do7._____Tom_____toworkhardtohelphisfamily?Yes,he_____.A.Has…x…doesB.Has…x…doesC.Does…has…hasD.Does…have…does8.Whichteacher_____lessonstoyoueveryday?A.does…givesB.does…giveC.do…giveD.gives9.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,____?_____,hedoes.A.doeshe…NoB.doeshe…YesC.doesn'the…NoD.doesn'the…Yes10.MrBlackoften_____fishingonSundays,_____he?A.goes…doesn'tB.goes…isn'tC.doesn'tgo…doesD.doesn'tgo…is11.Heusually_____TVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching12.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifit______tomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed13.NeitherInorhe______French.A.speakB.doesn'tspeakC.speaksD.doesn'tspeak14.Nobody______howtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing15.TheYoungPioneer_____waterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries16.Someare______intheriverandsomeare______games.A.swimming…playingB.swimming…plaiingC.swimming…IplayingD.swimming…plaing17.Look!Theboystudentsare_____footballwhilethegirlsare_____.A.playing…danceB.playing…dancingC.play…dancingD.play…dance\n18.He_____todohislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins19._____he_____onwellwithhisfriendsthisterm?A.Does…getsB.Does…getC.Is…gettingD.Is…geting20.MrSmith_____shortstories,buthe____aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…writesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes21.I_____tothecinema.I______thereeverySunday.A.go…goB.amgoing…goC.go…amgoingD.amgoing…amgoing22.Look,they______agoodtime,____they?A.have…doB.have…don'tC.arehaving…areD.arehaving…aren't23.You______aboutthefuturenow,______you?A.don'tthink…don'tB.aren'tthinking…aren'tC.don'tthink…doD.aren'tthinking…are24.Shealways______somethingwhenevershe______.A.studied…playedB.studied…plaiedC..studied…plaiedD.studied…played25.Heoften_____lateintheforest.It_____meverymuch.,A.stayed…worriedB.staied…worriedC.stayed…worryedD.staied…worried参考答案：1—5BABDB6—10CDDBA11—15BBCCD16—20CBDCC21-25BDDDA