初中英语时态小结 45页

时态复习Revisionoftense\n一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时\n一般现在时态\nⅠ一般现在时态的陈述句概念：一般现在时态表示的是经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always,everyday,often,onceaweek(month,year,etc.),sometimes,seldom,usually\neg:Iamateacher.Youareaworker.She/Heisastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.1.Be的用法：I用am，you用are，is用于他(he)、她(she)、它(it)，复数(we,you,they)全部都用are\n1、一般动词，在词尾加s;如：work--works,live--lives,play--playseg:ShelivesinNingbo.她住在宁波。2、以s/x/sh/ch/o等字母结尾的动词，词尾加-es，teach------teaches,wash-----washes.eg:Mymotherwashesthecoat.我母亲洗了大衣。行为动词(实义动词）一般现在时第三人称单数（he,she,it，人名等)的构成规则：2.行为动词：DO和DOES3.辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i再加es.study–studiese.gHestudiesatTingshuaUniversity.\nII一般现在时的否定式1.Be动词的否定式:be+notIamateacher.YouareaworkerSheisadoctorWearefriends.I’mnotateacherYouaren’taworkerSheisn’tadoctor.Wearen’tfriends.isnot=isn’tarenot=aren’t否定句\n2.实义动词(do)的否定句：当主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动词does有关，谓语动词一定要恢复为原形。当主语是其他人称时，它与助动词do有关。IlikeEnglish.Shelikesitverymuch.Wegotoworkbybike.Idon’tlikeEnglish.Shedoesn’tlikeitverymuch.Wedon’tgotoworkbybike.否定句\n概念：用yes或no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。III一般疑问句Iamateacher.Areyouateacher?Youareaworker.Areyouaworker?Heisastudent.Isheastudent?Wearefriends.Areyoufriends?1.对于be动词，疑问句要求把be提前，第一人称的单数和复数（I/we），要变成第二人称you。疑问句\n2.对于实义动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)或人名等第三人称单数时，句子前面加does，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加do，第一人称(I/we)换第二人称(you)。Ioftengothere.Youlikethemusic.Hegoestoworkbybus.We/You/Theylikeit.Doyouoftengothere?Doyoulikethemusic?Doeshegotoworkbybus?Doyou/theylikeit?\nⅣ.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句在考试中涉及得比较多，主要以选择和转换句型为主，首先要掌握一些常用疑问词的意思如：what（什么）,when,whattime（什么时间）,who（谁）,where（在哪里）,why（为什么）,how（怎样）,howmany+可数名词的复数（多少），howlong（多长时间）,howoften（多久一次）等，其次掌握它的语序，即就是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（Who）除外\n一、疑问词+一般疑问句句序：Whereareyoufrom?I’mfromthenorth.Whatdoyouwant?Iwantthebooksonyourdesk.特殊疑问句的语序\n一般过去时态\n一般过去时态的定义动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。行为动词（即实义动词）的过去式一般没有人称和数的变化。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear,justnow,then,lastweek,lastmonth,anhourago,twodaysago,in1994等.\n谓语动词的构成形式一般过去时的谓语动词有be动词和行为动词两种基本形式规则动词过去式的构成\nbe动词和行为动词两种基本形式be动词（或系动词be）的过去式为was和were两个。行为动词的过去式，其变化分为规则和不规则的两种。\n规则动词过去式的构成一般动词原形末尾加-ed。如：look→looked,stay→stayed;以e结尾的动词只加-d。如：hope→hoped,live→lived;末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.如：stop→stopped,plan(计划)→planned;\n规则动词过去式的构成结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先将y改为i,再加-ed.如：study→studied,carry→carried.–ed(或-d)的读音：在清辅音结尾的词后读[t].如：work→worked[wɜːkt],help→helped[helpt];在浊辅音和元音后读[d]。如：call→called[kɔːld],play→played[pleɪd];在[t]和[d]音后面发[ɪd]。如：want→wanted[wɒntɪd]，need→needed[ni:dɪd].\n一般过去时态常见的基本用法1.表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态LiuJiegotupat7:10thismorning.Hewasastudentthreeyearsago.\n一般过去时态常见的基本用法2．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。ZhangYarualwayswenttoschoolbybikelastterm.\n一般过去时态常见的基本用法3．表示已故人所做的事情。ComradeLeiFengdidgooddeedsallhislife.(雷锋同志做了一生的好事。)\n一般过去时态常见的基本用法4.表示过去所发生的一系列的动作，而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的。MissLiugotupatseveno’clockthismorning,dressed,hadbreakfast,andwenttowork.\nBewas/wereDodid一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;lastweek;in1945,atthattime;once;duringthewar;before;afewdaysago;when,\n现在进行时定义:表示现在正在进行的动作.结构:be(is,am,are)+doing常见时间状语:now,或动词look,listeneg:WearehavinganEnglishclassnow.否定句：Wearen’thaving……..一般疑问句：Areyouhaving……?\n一般将来时定义:表示将要做的事或计划要做的事.结构:be(is,am,are)goingtodowill/shalldo(shall一般用于第一人称)时间状语:tomorrowmorning(afternoon,evening),nextday(week,month,year),thedayaftertomorrow,in2015...Eg:Theyaregoingtohaveafootballmatchnextweek.\n现在完成时的构成:Have/has+动词过去分词\n1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.already,ever,yet,just,before,recently,thesedays,uptonow,inthelastfewyears等.现在完成时的用法(2个)经常与下列词语连用2.表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在,可能继续发展下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用.e.gIhavealreadyhadlunch.Hehasreturnedthebook.e.g.IhavelearnedEnglishfornineyears.IhavelearnedEnglishsincenineyearsago.\n总结:非延续性动词在完成时的肯定句中不可与含for,since,howlong等引导的时间状语连用,要用别的词替换.\ncome/arrive→buy→borrow→die→leave→begin/start→join→bekeepbedeadbeawayfrombeonbein/beamemberhave\n1.Mr.BlackleftChinain1990.Mr.Black______________________Chinasince1990.2.Theherodiedfiveyearsago.Thehero__________________forfiveyears.3.Themeetingbegantwominutesago.Themeeting_________________fortwominutes.4.Weborrowedtwobookslastweek.We_______________thetwobooksforaweek.5.SallyjoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.Sally_______________theLeaguefortwoyears.句型转换:(改为意思相同的句子)hasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadhasbeenonhavekepthasbeenin\n总结:have/hasbeento表示“到(去)过某地”,人已经回来.have/hasgoneto表示“到某地去了”,人正在某地或在去某地的途中have/hasbeenin表示“在某地呆多久”,常和表示一段时间的状语连用.\n3.for与since接时间状语时的区别1.A:Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?B:_______twoyears.A.ForB.SinceC.InD.From2.MissGaohastaughtinthisschool________1996.A.forB.atC.inD.since\nFor后接时间段,since后接时间点或从句.如:fortwoyears;forsixhours;forthreedays;forfiveminutes;sincethreedaysago;since1997;sincethreedaysago;sinceIcametoBeijing等.总结:\n1.George______Frenchfortenyears.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.willbelearningD.learns2.JackhasstudiedChineseintheschool___theyear2002.A.inB.sinceC.onD.byBB\n4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear,justnow,then,lastweek,lastmonth,anhourago,twodaysago,in1994等.过去完成时经常与哪些时间状语连用?\n与现在完成时连用表示时间的词语：already,ever,yet,just,before,recently,thesedays,uptonow,inthelastfewyears等.for+时间段since+时间点\n总结:现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,而一般过去时表示单纯的过去的事实或状态.另外,两种时态的时间状语不一样,一般过去时常与具体的过去时间连用,现在完成时不能.\nPractice1.He_________(read)English every day.2.We_________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.3.Mike________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.4.My mother________(like)______(go)shopping.5.Ican________(draw) many beautiful pictures.6.Does he_________(like)_________(jump)?7.Thestudents___________(speak)Englishinclass.8.Thestudent_________(speak)Chineseafterclass.9.He_____________likeswimming.(not)10.Iplayfootballeveryday.否定句:一般疑问句11.ShelivesinNewYork.否定句:一般疑问句12.Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.否定句:一般疑问句:划线提问13.I’mLucy.否定句:一般疑问句\nPractice用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.2.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)3.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?4.What_________she_________(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She_________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.5.It_________(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday6.Weall_________(have)agoodtimelastnight.7.Shelikes_________newspapers,butshe_________abookyesterday.(read)8.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.9.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.10.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.\n11.It____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite___(go)tohisofficebycar.12.Don't______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)13.What_________you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)句型变换,将下面句子变为否定句和一般疑问句1Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.2Theyplayedfootballintheplaygroundthisafternoon.3.Hedidhishomeworkyesterday.\nPractice用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_____________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It‘s5o’clocknow.We___________(have)suppernow.10.______Helen__________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.句型转换：.(将下列句子分别改为否定句和一般疑问句)Theyaredoinghousework.I'mplayingthefootballintheplayground.\nPractice动词填空1.I______（be）tired.I______（go）tobedearlytonight.2.Mary'sbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_____（give）herapresent.3.Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon.4.-_____you_____（be）herethisSaturday?-No.I______（visit）myteacher.5.Iamafraidthere______（be）ameetingthisafternoon.Ican'tjoinyou.6.Mostofusdon'tthinktheirteam______（win）.7.I______（leave）inaminute.I（leave）.8.Itwillraintomorrow,sowe______（nogo）tothemountains.选择.1.We________theworkthiswaynexttime.A.do   B.willdo      C.goingtodo   D.willdoing2.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbe     B.willbe  C.shallgoingtobe   D.willgoingtobe3.________you________freenextSunday?A.Will;are   B.Will;be      C.Do;be   D.Are;be4.It________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.A.takes   B.willtake     C.spends   D.willspend\nPractice一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad.Maybethey _________what's happened to him.Ａ. knewＢ. haveknownＣ. mustknowＤ.willknow2、He has _______been to Shanghai,has he?Ａ. alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、Have you met Mr Li______？Ａ. justＢ. agoＣ.beforeＤ. amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.is writingＢ.was writingＣ.wroteＤ.has written5、-Ourcountry ______alotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.has changed;wellＢ. changed;goodＣ.has changed;betterＤ. changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already ______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______Xiao Li since she was a little girl.Ａ.knowＢ. had knownＣ.have knownＤ. knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ. will seeＢ. have seenＣ. sawＤ.see\n9、-These farmers have been to the United States.-Really?When_____ there?Ａ.will they goＢ. did they goＣ. do they goＤ. have they gone10、-______you___your homework yet?-Yes.I_____ it a moment ago.Ａ. Did;do;finishedＢ. Have;done;finishedＣ. Have;done;have finishedＤ. will;do;finish11、-Doyouknowhimwell?- Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ. wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade12、-Howlonghaveyou ____here?-Abouttwomonths.Ａ. beenＢ. goneＣ. comeＤ. arrived13、Hurry up!The play__________for ten minutes.Ａ. has begunＢ. had begunＣ. has been onＤ. Began14、Miss Green isn't in the office.she_______ to the library.Ａ.has goneＢ.wentＣ.will goＤ. has been\n二、句型转换1、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory              ________fortwentyyears.2、MissGaoleftanhourago. (同义句转换)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.3、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Her mother_______the Party three years ________.4、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)