初中英语从句(全) 21页

.名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。宾语从句1.语述问题跟随陈述语序如：Theywanttoknowwherehewasborn.üWhatiswrongwithyou?=whatisthematterwithyou?这个句子不变语序。üIjustwanderwhatitisthatmakeshimsoexcited.2.时态（tense）ü如果主语是现在时态，从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定Shetellsmethatshewillcometomorrow.Shetellsmethatshewonthefirstprizeyesterday.ü主语为过去时态，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。Shetoldmeshewouldwonthefirstprizenextyear.(过去将来时ShetoldmeshehadbeeninBeijingfor3years.专业资料\n.（过去完成时）ü从句为客观真理、定义、公理、定理时，用一般现在时Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.3.连词1.that:在句子中不作为成分的时候，可以省略。但是有些情况下that不能省略：l当动词后，宾语从句不止一个时，第二个起that不能省略。Theyknow(that)hewashonestandthathehadnomoney.l当that从句被短语或者词组与谓语动词分开时不能省略。Inoticed，forthefirsttime,thatourteacherwaswearingahat.lIt作形式宾语，that从句做真正宾语时Hefindsitnecessarythatheshouldlearnforeignlanguages.l在wonder/doubt/besure/certain之后不能省略专业资料\n.Iwanderthathefailed.（我很惊讶他失败了）2.where和if之间的区别Idon’tknowwhetherornotwewillhaveanexaminationthisweek.Idon’tknowwhether/ifwewillhaveanexaminationornotthisweek.ü介词后面的宾语从句不能用if当whether后面紧跟着ornot时只能用whether.ü在动词discuss/doubt后面只能用whether.Theyarediscussingwhetherthemeetingshouldbeheld.3.what引导Themoderncitywasbeautifulinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.4.否定转移由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将宾语从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。专业资料\n.5.例句Wemustpayattentionto(A)makesmistakes.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.nomatterwhom表语从句1.可以连接表语从句的系动词有be，look,feel,sound,seem,spear.2.that在表语从句中没有任何意义，但是不能省略。Thereasonisthat…….3.在表语从句中不能用if作为连词。但是可以用whether和asif引导。Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoit.Itlooksasifitwouldrain.(使用了虚拟语气)专业资料\n.4.itis/wasbecause+原因Itisbecausetheweatherwasbad.5.itis/waswhy+结果Itiswhyhewasfailed.6.特殊的表语从句Janeisnolongerwhatshewasfouryearsago.主语从句ü主语从句中that不能省略。1.常用句型It’sapitythat…….It’slikely/possiblethat……Itseems/happened/spearsthat…..Itissaid/known/believed/hopethat……2.例句It‘sbelievedthatGodcreatedthepeople.专业资料\n.WhetherGodcreatedtheworldremainstobeseem.同位语从句1.定义当两个指向同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子，后者就叫前者的同位语。Let’syouandmegoforawalk.2.标志词Fact,idea,news,question,saying,possibility,truth,belief,hopepromise,suggestion,adviceüHegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff.üIhavenoideaatallwheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。专业资料\n.3.连接词1.that（不能省）Theideathattheearthisaroundisnotanewone.2.thetherHemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.3.疑问词Nextcomesthequestionswhatyouwanttoputinthebox.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.专业资料\n.其他从句还有定语从句(关键)，状语从句。定语从句：一、结构先行词+关系词+从句二、关系词关系词分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词：that，which，who,whom,whose关系副词：where(=in/on/atwhich)，why(=forwhich),when(=in/onwhich)例句：1.Themanwho/thatisstandinghereisTom.2.Themanthat/who/whom/或者省略heistalkingtoisTom.3.ThemantowhomheistalkingisTom.(介词后必须加宾格并且不能省略)4.Theman,whosefatherisateacherwentabroad.5.Theman,thefatherofwhomisateacherwentabroad.专业资料\n.6.Theman,ofwhomthefatherisateacherwentabroad.总结：…….,whose+n….和…..,thenofwhich(指物)/whom(指人)…以及…,ofwhich/whomthen这三个句型可以相互转换。三、只能用that不能用which的情况1.既有人又有物：theteachersandtheschoolsthat….2.有不定代词或者有不定代词修饰时：Iwilltellyoueverythingthat….Iwilltellyouallthethingsthat….3.最高级修饰或者序数词修饰时：Themostbeautifulflowersthat….Thefirstmanthat…4.避免重复Whoisthemanthatisstandinghere?WhichisthebookthatIlike?5.有only/very/justthen修饰时Heistheonlyonethat/whoisfitfor…专业资料\n.ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttobuy.6.先行词充当表语时Tomisn’ttheboythatheusedtobe.(定语从句，先行词boy在句子中作为表语)Tomisn’twhatheusedtobe.(表语从句)四、只用which不能用that的情况1.非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开的一般是非限制性定语从句）Theseappletrees，whichIplantedthreeyearsago，havenotborneanyfruit.2.介词后用whichThereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.3.避免重复Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.五、只用who不用that1.先行词为指人的代词：those,all,one,ones,someone,anyone,noone专业资料\n.Thosewhowinthegamewillgettheprize.Allwhowenttherespokehighlyofthepark.2.therebe中先行词为人是只用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.六、特殊的关系词as1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一定充当主语或宾语或者表语。Shewearthesamecoatashersisterusuallydoes.Itissuchaninterestingfilmasweallliketosee.(定语从句不完整，as充当宾语)Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallliketoseeit.(从句结构完整，这是状语从句)2.as引导非限制性定语从句Aswasexpected,hefinishedthetaskperfectly.Theearthisaround,asweallknow.Theearth,asweallknow,isaround.Asisoftenthecase,…..(情况往往是这样的)专业资料\n.Asisnatural,….(很自然的)这些短语可以用于议论文写作。七、特殊句型先行词充当主语时，注意主谓一致。1.thenumberofthepeoplewhoowncarsisincreasing.2.heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedexamination.Heistheoneofthestudentswhohaspassedexamination.3.ihavetwosisters,neitherofwhomareteachers.Ihavetwosistersandneitherofthemareteachers.Ihavetwosisters,neitherofthemteachers.4.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,whoseownerwasseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,it’sownerseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegardenandit’sownerwasseated.5.isthisthefactorythat/which/或者省略youvisitedyesterday?Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisit?专业资料\n.Isthisthefactorywhereyouworked?Isthisthefactory,theonewhich/that/可以省略youvisited?Isthisthefactory,theonetowhichyoupaidavisited?Isthisthefactory,theonewhere/inwhichyouworked?6.thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.7.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichIdidit.Thisisthereasonthat/whichhetoldme.8.Ihatethewayinwhich/that/可以省略hespoketohisfather.(way句子中作状语)That‘sthewaywhich/that/可以省略youtoldme.(way句子中作宾语)Hegavemethewaywhich/thatisnotpractical.(way在从句中作主语)9.sheissocleveragirlthatshelearnseverythingquickly.Sheissocleveragirlaslearnseverythingquickly.专业资料\n.状语从句一、时间状语从句When/while/as都可以跟持续性动词As/when/whileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Imeetmyfriend.各个连词的区别：1.whenl从属连词，可以引导持续性或者短暂性动词，表明主句、从句动作同时发生或者从句动作在主句之前。WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseaside.(主从句动作同时发生)Whenthefilmended,peoplewenthome.（从句动作在主句之前）l并列连词Bedoing….when….Beabouttodo….When….专业资料\n.Iwasdoinghomeworkwhenthelightwentoff.Iwasabouttojumpintotheriverwhenhestoppedme.l表示原因、作“既然”的意思Howcouldyouexpecttolearnanythingwhenyoudidn’tlisteninclass.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalktherein5minutes.2.whilel只引导持续性动词Don’ttalktooaloudwhileothersareworking.l并列连词，作“而，却”的意思HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondoffolkmusic.l作“尽管，虽然”的意思WhileIadmitthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved.3.asl主句从句动作同时发生或者交替发生，作“一边。。。一边。。。”，“随着。。。”的意思Astimegoeson,…….专业资料\n.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.4.assoonas=themoment=theminute=theinstant=immediately=directly=instandlyI’lltellhimthenewsassoonashecomes.5.nosooner…than…=hardly/scarily/barely…when…倒装句，主句用haddone过去完成时。Nosoonerhadhearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.他刚到火车站，火车就离开了。6.not…until…Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.=Notuntilhefinishedhishomeworkdidhegotobed.(倒装句)=Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.(强调句)7.since“自从….以来“从句是短暂性动词IthasbeentenyearssinceIgraduated.专业资料\n.Itis3yearssincehesmoked.=Itis3yearssincehestoppedsmoking.(不抽烟已3年了)8.beforel“多久以后才。。。”Theyhadwalked4daysbeforetheyarrived.l“还没来得及。。。就。。。“Thehousehadfallendownbeforetheycouldrunout.l“趁还没有。。。就。。。”Writeitdownbeforeyouforget.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since…Itwillbe/was+一段时间+before…9.thefirsttimeIlikethebookthefirsttimeIsawit.10.everytime=eachtimeIvisitedtheteachereverytimeIwenthome.专业资料\n.二、地点状语从句连词：where、whereverYouarefreetogowhereveryoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者事竟成）三、原因状语从句连词：because：直接因果关系，语气强，回答why问句。Since：“既然”,位于主句前。As:“由于”，位于主句前或者后面For:位于主句后，表示补充说明或者推测原因。Sinceanyoneishere,let’sbegin.Asitisraining,wewillnotgoout.Itmustberainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.四、目的状语从句连词：sothat….一般放在主句后。Inorderthat…..主句前或者后都可以，语气更加正式。专业资料\n.这两个句型从句中往往有can/could/mightIwillspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.Inorderthatyoucanseethesunrise,westartedearly.Forfearthat…..和incasethat类似，从句中往往有should.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearthathisfathershouldseehim.Takeyouraincoatincasethatitshouldrain.五、结果状语从句连词：So+adj+that…/such+n+that:表示如此。。。以至于。。。还可以表示为so+adj+a/an+n+thatItissobigaroomthatitcanhold200people.Itissuchabigroomthatitcanhold200people.特殊句型：Theyaresuchlittleboysthattheydidn’tknowanythingaboutit.Therearesolittlewaterthatwehavenonetodrink.第一句中little的意思是小。第二个句子中little专业资料\n.的意思是少，之后的名词只能跟不可数名词。六、方式状语从句1、although/though/evenif/eventhoughHeisunhappyalthoughhehasmuchmoney.Evenifitisraining,wewillgothere.2.though/as用于倒装句Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.→Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.Althoughhemighttry,heisstillfailed.→Tryashemight,heisstillfailed.3.whether…or…Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.4.疑问句+ever=nomatter+疑问句Whateveryousay,hewon’tbelieveyou→Nomatterwhatyousay,hewon’tbelieveyou.专业资料\n.专业资料