初中英语名词用法复习 6页

中考考点一、名词一、名词的分类1)专用名词：具体的人名、事物名、地名、机构名、国名以及月份和节日的名e.gGreen(格林)Chicago(芝加哥)ThanksgivingDay(感恩节)etc.2)普通名词：一类人、事物或抽彖概念的名称。分类：可数名词：①个体名词：单个的人或事物(book,student)②集体名词：一群人或一些事物总称的名词(army,police,people)不可数名词：A.物质名词：无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词(water;glass,wind)B.抽象名词：用来描述人的性格、情感、品质、状态等抽象概念的名词(honesty,youth)二、名词的复数：1•名词变复数的规则形式1).一般情况下直接加sbookbookscup——cups2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es.citycitiesfamily——families3)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加・s,如toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days4).以s、x^sh>ch结尾的力Ues・busbuseswishwisheswatchwatches5).以o结尾的多数加s,除了以下单词加es.tomato——tomatoespotatopotatoeshero——heroesNegro-Negroes6).以f、fe结尾的，先把f、fe变v再加es・leaf—-leavessei仁-selvesshelf-•-shelveslife-—livesthief--thieves树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割狼(wolf)架(shelf)后蹿出一只狼,就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。2•少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。man----menwoman---womenchild----childrenfootfeettooth----teethmouse…mice3•单数和复数形式相同。deer—deerfish—-fishsheep-—sheepChinese——ChineseJapanese…Japanese4•某国人的复数。1)•屮、口不变°Chinese-…ChineseJapanese…Japanese2).英、V去变。Englishma——EnglishmenFrenchma——Frenchmen3).其余s力口后面。American——AmericansGerman—GermansAustralian—Australians\n1•只有复数形式的名词。Pants,trousers,glasses,scissors>shoes,socks(在句子中用作复数,谓语动词或相应的代词要用复数)二、不可数名词：1・不可数名词：1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an3).没有复数形式1).可用some、any、lotsof>plentyof、much>little>alittle、alotof^agreatdealofW饰2).可用“量词短语”表示(若构成复数，只能把量词变成复数形式)2•不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a/数字+量词+of+不可数名词apieceofpaperacupofteaaglassofmilk三、名词的所有格：1.'s所有格。1)•用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“0”Thisis(MaryandLily)bedroom.2).1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加Theseare(TomandJack)schoolbags.3.以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍加"了Teachers'DayChildren'sDay4.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加勺代表全称。atthedoctor'sattheBob's5•由some>any>no、every与one、body结合的复合不定代词something、anything等和Ise连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。Thisis(somebodyelse)pencil.).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加勺来构成所有格。anhour'sridetwoweeks'timeChina'scapital.Of所有格：).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom)•双重所有格：of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词\nHeisafriendofmy(brother).Issheadaughterof(you)?四、名词句子成分：1•名词作语1).表示时、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Twohous(be)enoughforustogetthere.\nApairfshoes(be)underthebed.Twopiecesofpaper(be)onthedesk.1).名词+词(with、except、alongwith...)+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致Thetecherwiththestudents(be)plantingtreesonthehill.2).短语neither...nor...>either...or...>notonly...butalso..."连接主语吋，谓语动词实行就近原贝ijoNeithehenorI(be)aFrenchman.3)名词代词+with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/ratherthan/but/except+名词/词，做主语时，谓语动词应和第一个名词或代词保持一致。4)形式单数但意义为复数的police,cattle(牛群)等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Thepolicehavenotmadeanyarrests.警方未逮捕任何人。集体名词family,class,team,group,audience,governent等做主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。Theclassismadeupoftwentyboysandtwentygirls.这个班由2男生20女生组成。Theclassaredoingeyeexercises.全班学生正在做眼保健操。2•名词作定语：1).名词作定语时,—般用单数形式。Thereisashoefactoryneartheschool..2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。asportsmeetingaclothesshop3).man、woman作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。onemanteachertwowomenteachers3.名词作宾语Hegavemearedflower.4.名词作表语Youarethewinner.5.名词作状语I'llseeyouSaturday.6.名词作同位语Thetwins,LucvandLily,likedancing.7.名词作宾语补足语ShenamedhimTom.8.名词作称呼语语Goodmorning,teacher.练习题\n1.Theofteneatgrassonthehill.\nA.chickenB.horseC.cowD・sheep1."Whatdoweneedforthesalad?""Weneedtwoapplesandthree•"A.orange.B.tomatoesC.broccoli2.—IhaveinlearningEnglishandKmsoworried.Couldyouhelpmewithit?—Sure,I'dloveto.A.joyB.interestC.troubleD.fun3.Themantriedseveraltimestostartthecar,andhesucceededA.inthepastB.intheendC.atfirstD.atonce5.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmanythere.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.Rabbit6TheInternetisveryuseful.Wecangetalotoffromit.A.thingB.messageC.informationsD.information7.—Whatisyourfavoritefood?—Ilikebest・Ihadalargebowllastnight.A.potatonoodleB.potatoesnoodlesC.potatonoodlesD.potatoesnoodles8.Couldyoupleasegivesometotheteachers?A.advice;manB・advices;menC.suggestion;manD.suggestions;men9.—Couldyoupleasepassmesomethingtoeat?—WhataboutsomeA.waterB.orangeC.fishD.tea10.—Couldyoutellmewhat'stheofit?—Well,it'sMarchI.A.TimeB.dateC・shapeD.Size11..—It'sawisetowearthewhitetie.Itmatchesyourshirtwell.——Thankyouverymuch.A・choiceB.supportC.mixtureD.honour12..—Doyouthinktheofthisskirtsuitsme?—Ofcourse!Youalwayslookbeaut讦ulinred.A.sizeB.designC.priceD.color13.IfyouwanttogetmoreinformationaboutEnglishlearning,pleasevisitourA.companyB.storeC.officeD.website14.—Wouldyoulikesome—No,thanks.KmnothungryatallA.waterB.soupC.orangeD.bread15.Beinghonestisthefirstifyouwanttomaketriendswithothers・A.stepB.timeC.jobD・hand