初中英语中考复习材料 92页

一般现在时主要用于下面儿情况：(1)描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always,everyday,often,onceaweek(month,year,etCo),sometimes,seldom,usually等，以表示句屮的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：Theyraiseducksasasideline。他们以养鸭为副业。Shedoesn'toftenwritetoherfamily,onlyonceamonth.她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。Icycletoworkeveryday。我每天骑口行车上班。Itseldomrainshere。这儿很少下雨。2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的0的是为了”描述现阶段的动作或状态“，其重点“不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态“。例如：Hecanspeakfiveforeignlanguageso他能说五种外语。Thatisabeautifulcity。那是座美丽的城市。ChangjiangRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。Shemajorsinmusic。她主修音乐OAllmyfamilylovefootballo我全家人都喜欢足球。Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers・我妹妹总是乐于助人。3)陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是“没有时间概念”的也“不会在意动作进行的状态”。例如：Thesunrisesintheeast。日出东方。Theearthgoesaroundthesun。地球绕着太阳转。Tenminustwoiseighto十减二等于八。Lighttravelsfasterthansound。光的速度比声音的速度快。TheUnitedStatesliesbythewestcoastofthePacificOcean.美国位于太平洋西岸。4)根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时來表示将來要发生的动作。例如：「IItellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回來时，我将告诉他这个消息。Ifyoutakethejob,theywilltalkwithyouingreaterdetailso如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有:now,today,nowadays等等。般过去时主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以\n用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用i般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。i般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加・ed(除不规则动词外)。常和一•般过去时连用的过去时间状语有:lastnight(week,month,year,century,etc。),yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening),in1999,twohoursago(oneweekago,treeyearsago,…)等等。使用一•般过去时,在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。“过去“的时间概念有两层意思：一是指”现在某个时间”以前的时间;二是指“说话、写文章的那个时间点”以前的时间，在这个意义上，“现在的那个时间点“是很小很小的,甚至于小到无法屋化的程度。例如：Hegothisdrivinglicenselastmonth.他上个月拿到了驾照。-Where'sJim?吉姆在哪里？-Hejustwentout。他刚刚出去。般将来时概念:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常发生的动作。一、常见的将来时间状语：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,thisafternoon,thisyear,beforelong,inthefuture,someday(将来的某一天)，nextyear,nextSunday,soon,intendays(十天后)等二、一般将来时结构：主语+will(shall)+动词原形动词一般将來时，表示将要发生事(所有人称都可以用will,shallX用于I,We后面)如肯定式：Theywillfinishtheworknextweek.否定式：Theywon'tfinishtheworknextweek.疑问式：Willtheyfinishtheworknextweek?Yes,theywill./No,theywon't.(注意：不能用Yes,they'11.)特殊疑问句：Howmanybookswillyougiveus?I"11giveyouthirtybooks.2.主语+be(am,is,are)goingto+动词原形begoingto,表打算，准备计划将来干;表可能，有必然，通过现象来判断。如:rmgoingtoseeafilmthisevening.今晚上我打算去看电影。It'sgoingtorain.天要下雨了。Wearen，tgoingtohaveanylessonsnextweek.我们下周不上课。3.will/shall和begoingto结构的区别(1)对于事先经过考虑的打算、计划,应使用begoingto结构。Whyareyoutakingdownallthepictures?Iamgoingtorepaintthewall.(2)对于事先未经过考虑的打算、计划，而是临时起意，则用will结构。常见于会话时，乙听了甲的话做出的反应。Whereisthetelephonebook?I'11goandgetitforyou.\n(1)表示即将发生某事时，两者区别不大，多可互换。Whatisgoingtohappen?Whatwillhappen?begoingto一般指较近的将來,will则表示较远的将來。(2)正式的通知等多用will.2.其他一般将来时表达结构：(1)少数儿个动词如go,come,start,arrive等，当表示根据规定时间要发生的动作时，要用一般现在时来表示。Mytrainleavesat6:30.我乘的火车将在6：30开。另外，时间、条件状语从句中,“主将从现”I'11letyouknowassoonasIhearfromhim.He,11gofishingifitisfinetomorrow.(2)现在进行时表将来。go,come,leave,arrive,start,stay,return等表示动作的动词，可以用现在进行时表将来。Vmgoingtotheparkwithmyparentsonvacation.(3)beaboutto+动词原形,表示即将发生的动作。Theconcertisabouttobegin.音乐会即将开始。(4)be+动词不定式，表示安排或计划好的动作。Thereistobeasportsmeetingnextweek.语法练习：I.用适当形式填空LItbeWednesdaytomorrow.2.Bettywritetohergrandmanextweek.3.youpleasegivehimthisletter?4.1neverdothatagain.3.Shehasboughtsomecloth;shemakeherselfadress.4.——Oh,whataheavybox!Ican"tliftit——What!Icarryitforyou.7.1nChina,whereveryou(go),you(see)friendlypeople.8.LaoZhaohassavedsomemoneyandhe(buy)aTVset.9.TheexpressfromBeijingtoShanghaiat8:45.II.单选1Wegohomeuntilwefinishthework.Adon,tBwon'tCwill2Tomsixyearsoldnextmonth.AwillbeBwillisCisgoingto3Lookattheclouds?Itrain.AisgoingBwillbeCisgoingto4Wegohomeuntilwefinishthework・Adon"tBwon'tCwill5Wemusttakethesickmantohospital.He.AisdyingBisgoingtodieCwilldie6Couldyoutellmethemeeting.AwhenshallwehaveBwhenwewouldhaveCwhentohave7I"11talktohimwhenhe•AcomeBwillcomeCcomesDcame8Idon'tknowifittomorrow.ArainsBwillrainCisrainDis\nraining2Thereaschoolthreeyearsago.AwereBusetohaveCusedtobeDwillbe英语语法时态的几种转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互和转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时屮，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之和对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“Itis+—段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型屮，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用itis来代替Ithasbeen；④瞬间动词用丁•“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般过去时”的句型中。请看：AoHejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago。BoHehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyearsoCoItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague。DoTwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeagueo二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时屮，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如atwork（在工作）,atschool（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay。Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying。三、现在进行•时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：Iamcoming,Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：Thetrainisleavingsoon。Thetrainwillleavesoon0PLI>“begoingto+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换"begoingto+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shalL在口语屮，所有人称都可以用will。请看:WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday。WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSundayo表示将来的五种非时态方式1、“be+不定式”:表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。如:SheistoplayJulieto她扮演朱丽叶。Youaretomakethenecessarychangeso你要做岀必要的改变。2、ubeaboutto+不定式”：表示即将\n发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。如：Thepackageisabouttocomeunwrappedo那个包快散开了。3、"begoing+不定式”:表示按计划或安排打算去做某事,或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。如：Wearegoingtocallherthisevening。我们打算今晩给她打电话。Mysister'sgoingtohaveababythissummero我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4、用现在进行时表示将来：主耍表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如1:ThestudentsareleavingonSundayo学生们星期日出发。We'rehavingapartynextweeko我们下星期将开一个晚会。5、用一般现在时表示将來：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如Wehaveaholidaytomorrowc我们明天放假。Thetrainleavesat10：04thisevening。火车今晚10：04分开。must表示推测1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定“。2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：Hemustbestayingthere.他现在肯定呆在那里。Hemuststaythere。他必须呆在那。3)must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must要接完成式。Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4）must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must后面要接不定式的完成进行式。■一Whydidn'tyouanswermyphonecall?…Well,Imusthavebeensleeping,soIdidn'thearit。5）否定推测用can'toIfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。比较haveto和must1）两词都是'必须'的意思,haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2）haveto有人称、数、时态的变\n化，而must只有-一种形式。但must可用于间接引语小表示过去的必要或义务。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterdayo3）在否定结构中:don'thaveto表示“不必”mustn't表示”禁止”，Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。YoumustFttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。比较may和might1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首，表示祝愿。MayGodblessyou!Hemightbeathome。注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。2）成语：may/mightaswell,后面接不带to的不定式，意为”不妨IIOIfthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry。典型例题Petercomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyetoA.mustB.mayC.canD.will答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。比较can和beableto1）cancould表示能力；可能（过去时用could）,只用于现在式和过去式（could）obeableto可以用于各种时态。Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息To2）只用beabletoa.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。c.表示过去某时刻动作时。d.用于句首表示条件。e.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto,不能用couldoHewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout。=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout。注意：could不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在冋答中不可用could）o■一CouldIhavethetelevisionon?―Yes,youcan./No,youcarft。2）在否定，疑问句屮表示推测或怀疑。Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不人口J能是坏人。比较so和such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。so+adj.such+a（n）+noso+adj.+a（n）+n.such+n.（pl。）so+adj.+n.（pl。）such+n.（pL）so+adj.+n.［不可数］such+n.［不可数］sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflower\nsuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeoplesomany已成固定搭酉d,alotof虽相当于many,但alotof为名词性的，只能用such搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为”to+动词原形",to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子屮用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的屮考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。一、动词不定式作主语1.It'sourdutytheroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans（甘肃省）2.It'shardforusEnglishwell.\nA.IearnB.IearnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3•建造这座立交桥将花费T人们一年多的时间。Itwilltheworkersoverayeartheflyover.(北京市海淀区)2.It'sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to(安徽省)Keys：1.A2.C3.take,to,build4.B［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(l)ltis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)ltis+名词(forsb)todosth.(3)lttakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.句式⑴小常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词，与介词of搭配这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式⑷中常用hard,difficult,easy,importsnt等形容词,与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语1.Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Don'tforgetyourA.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking（福建省）3.HefounditverydifficultA.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep（湖南省）Keys：1.C2.A3.D［简析］在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面，口J以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1.RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith（江苏省）2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked（甘肃省）Key：1.B2.C［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。四、动词不定式作状语1.Shewentherteacher.homeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing（江西省）2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglishwell.A.learnB.learningC・tolearnD.learns（四川省）Key：1.A2.C［简析］go,come,try,do/try\none'sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作H的状语。1.sorrythat.A.hearsB・hearingC・hearD.tohear（河北省）2.sorryyou.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled（吉林省）3.Mymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets（甘肃省）Keys：3.D4.B5.A［简析］"be+形容词+todosth”结构屮的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。4.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.（改为意思相同的句子）Theholesuchafatpandatogothrough.（广东省）5.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.（改为意思相同的句子）Theiceonthelakewasn'tenoughpeople・（广东省）Keys：6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on［简析］在上述“too+形容词/副词（forsb）todo・・・"（太而不能）和"enough（forsb）todo---"（足以、足够……做……）结构中，不定式作结果状语。五、动词不定式作定语1.WouldyoulikesomethingA.drinkB.drinkingC・todrinkD.drinks（湖北省）2.1havealotofhomeworkA.doB.doingC・didD.todo（河南省）1.HeisnotaneasymanA.getonB.togetonC・getonwithD.togetonwith（山东省）Key：1.C2.D3.D［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语Z后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如杲不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必耍的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带to的动词不定式1.Wesawhimthebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered（河南省）2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthemverytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel（W林省）3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup（陕西省）4.Iwasmademyhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC・todoD.did溃州省）Key：1.B2.D3.C4.C［简析］1.在see,watch,hear,\nfeel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to（let没有被动语态）。2.在“hadbetter”后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1.MrBlackaskedthemanthequeue.A.nottojumpB・tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump（广西壮族自治区）2.Theoldmantoldthechildnoisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot（湖北省）3.Thereisgoingtoanimportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetrylate.A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC・be,nottobeD.be,notbe（内蒙古自治区）Key：1.A2.B3.C［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词・ing形式的区别1.Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired・A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has（广西壮族自治区）2.Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?Sorry,Iforgotsomemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD・took（湖北省）3.Let'shavearest,shallwe?Notnow,Ican'tstoptheletters.A.writeB.towriteC・writingD.andwrite（湖北省）4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop（walk）.（用所给单词的正确形式填空）（四川省）Key：1.A2.C3.C4.walking［简析］一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的・ing形式的区别如F:"stoptodosth”意为"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事-stopdoingsth憶为”停止正在做的事J"remembertodosth”意为"记住去做某事”（事还未做），"rememberdoingsth"意为"记得做过某事”（事已做）："goontodosth”意为“接着做某事”（做完一事，接着做另一事）,"goondoingsth"意为”继续做某事“（一事未做完接着往下做）："forgettodosth”意为,'忘了做某事”（事还未做）,"forgetdoingsth"意为,,忘了曾做过某事“（事已做）。5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplaneovermyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly（福建省）6.Awomansawitwhenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen（黑龙江省）Key：5.B6.A［简析］在see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的・ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程（动\n作已结束），用动词的・ing形式表示动作正在进行（动作尚未结束）。九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,・Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo（浙江省）2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?・Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,gladC.Yes,I'dlovetoD.I'dlike（大连市）Keys：1.D2.C［简析］在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略,但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于,,begladto","wouldlike（love）to","haveto”等结构中。十、动词不定式的被动式和具他形式Thenewhospitalisnearthefactory.A.buildB.buildsC.tobuildD.tobebuilt（青海省）Key：D［简析］当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者（宾语）时，用动词不定式的被动式，即:tobe+过去分词;如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：tohave+过去分词;如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：tobe+现在分词比较and和or1）并列结构屮，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon0Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon。在否定屮并列结构用orO，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题■一Idon'tlikechickenfish.―Idon'tlikechicken,IlikefishverymuchoA.and；andB.and；butC・or；butD.or；and答案Co否定句中表并列用orzbut表转折。判断改错：（错）Wewilldiewithoutairandwatero（错）Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwatero（对）Wewilldiewithoutairorwatero（对）Wecan'tlivewithoutairandwatero单词及词组分组辨析1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数,cloth扌旨布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof\n1.incident,accidentincident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.2.amount,numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词anumberofstudents3.family,house,homehome家，包扌舌住处和家人,house房子，住宅‘family家庭成员。Myfamilyisahappyone.4.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声咅，voice人的嗓咅,noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.5.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.6.vocabulary,wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.7.population,peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.8.weather,climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.9.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.10.course,subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目）,subject科目（具体的学科）asummercourse11.custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo,habit生活习惯，习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.12.cause,reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate13.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数）,practice（反复做的）练习。Practicemakesperfect.14.class,lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;Class515.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课aseriesoflectureon…16.officer,officialofficer部队的军官,official政府官员anarmyofficer17.workjob二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjobo18.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair\n多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers1.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.2.cook,cookercook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.3.damage,damagesdamage不可数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式，赔偿金$900damages4.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.5.problem,questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask,answer连用。6.man,amanman人类，aman—个男人Manwillconquernature.7.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.8.telegram,telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph9.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage扌旨海上航行athree-daytrip10.sport,gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规贝I」Hisfavoritesportisswimming.11.price,prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品,奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low12.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数othenumberof…的数日，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.13.infrontof,inthefrontof\ninfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.1.oftheday,ofadayoftheday每—天的,当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的,不长久的afamousscientistoftheday2.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个,thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus-一Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.3.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.4.foramoment,forthemomentforamoment片亥U，—会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.5.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear明年,将来时间状语，thenextyear第二年,过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear・38・morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear—年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）39.takeadvice,takethe（one's）advicetakeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40.takeair,taketheairtakeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去,散步Wetaketheaireveryday.41.inaword,inwordsinaword总乙一句话，inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.42.inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.43.insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，―•般用作状语;inthesecret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.44.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?45.takeachair,takethechairtakeachair相当于sitdown坐下,takethechair开始开会50・inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由照料Heisinchargeofthematter・Thematterisinthechargeofher.51.inclass,intheclass52.onfir巳onthefireinclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.\nonfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfie53.outofquestion,outofthequestionoutofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不可能的54.asecon*thesecondasecond乂一，再一，thesecond第Hewonthesecondprize.55.byday,bythedaybyday白天,bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.56.thepeople,apeoplethepeople扌qapeople扌旨民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.57.it,oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.58.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.Thafswhy….59.none,nothing,noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone扌旨人…Howmany…/Howmuch•••?■一None・60・anyone,anyoneanyone指人，不能接of,anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou61.who,whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.62・what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?63.other,anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent64.notalittle,notabitnotalittle非常，notabit——点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。65.many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用,alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句IhaverTtmanybooks.66.muchmore…than,manymore…thanmuchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful67.no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater68.nomorethan,notmorethan69.majority,mostnomorethan相当于only,仅仅，只有,notmorethan至多，不超过majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself口行的，\n自动的Thedooropenedofitself.70.atall,afterallatall根本,全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.71.tall,hightall常指人或动物,high常指物体Heistall.72.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly73.high,highlyhigh具体的高,highly抽象的髙，高度的thinkhighlyof74.healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise75.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.sleepy.76.gold,goldengold指真金制品,golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfish,agoldring77.most,mostlymost用丁•表感受的肯定句中，相当丁very,当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分，是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…78.just,veryjust表强调时是副词,作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman79.wide,broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders80.real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory81.respectful,respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged82.outwards,outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage83.pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.84.understanding,understandableunderstanding明白事理的,能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake85.close,closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closelyconnected,standclose86.ill,sickill做表语,sick定，表均可asickboy87.good,well\ngood形容词，well畐ij词,但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.70.quiet,silent,stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。71.hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.72.able,capableable与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…73.almost,nearly二者均为“儿乎，差不多”和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody74.late,latelylate迟，晚‘lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.75.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置，live只能做定语‘lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive76.excited,excitingexcited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的I*mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.77.deep,deeplydeep具体的深,deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep78.aloud,loudaloud出声地,loud大声地readaloud（出声地读）79.worth,worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedonel26.careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句屮;carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes・Idon'tcareformovies.99catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示"一段时间”的状语连用，rfD'haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.100.changefor,changeintochangefor调换成，changeinto变成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.101.continue,last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.102.feed,raisefeed喂养，养活,饲养（togivefoodto）,raise饲养，养育（causetogrow,bringupchildren）raisethefamily103.goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病104.notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看,catchsightof突然看到observethestars105.insiston,sticktoinsiston坚持要求，后常接doing,stickto坚持，后常接sth.,sticktotheplan\n106・Iook,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfather107.gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps108.meantodo,meandoingmeantodo打算，想要做某事，meandoing意思是，意味着BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.109.diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold110.payfor,payback,payoffpayfor为…付钱，payback还钱，但不一定还清,payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt111.divide,separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开dividetheapple,separatethehouses112・arrive,get,reacharrive不及物动词，后接in（大地点），at（小地点）,get不及物动词后接to,reach及物动词arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing113.grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowing114.manage,trymanagetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed・115・choose,selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择,select有1=1的地仔细认真地选择choosethebestanswer116・build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语，建成,putup临时搭建，setup建成（内部的设施基木齐全），found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool\n117.befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.118.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在上达成一致意见，主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan119.throwto,throwatthrowto至?throwat朝扔Hethrowastoneatme.120.receive,acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受,accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.121.wear,puton,dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等，可用进行时，dress接人，bedressedin,puton表动作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.122.listen,hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.（一）形容词和副词I.要点A.形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句屮作定语、表语或宾补，有时述可作状语。如：Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新I口老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers・2、形容词比较等级的形式(1)规则形式一般说來，单音节词及少数双音节词在后in-er;-est来构成比较级和最高级；其他双昔节词及多昔节词在前加more,most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant・more(2)不规则形式important-(the)mostimportant\ngood(well)-better-bestIhaveneverhadabetterdinner.bad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least(3)形容词比较等级的用法①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than.如：Heisclevererthantheotherboys.Thisoneismorebeaut讦ulthanthatone.②表示两者以上的比较，用”the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)…”如：Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.③表示两者是同等程度，用巾s+形容词原级+as”・如：HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好又如I:Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我担心的一天。这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B.副词1、副词的种类(1)时间副词如:ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等(2)地点副词如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。(3)方式副词女H：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。(4)程度副词如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：\nOfalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeaut讦ully.Wemustworkharder.3、某些副词在用法上的区别(1)already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发牛,主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。女口：We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.(2)too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和aswell多用于口语，一般放在句末，ifljalso多用于书而语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。女口：Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn'tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3)hard,hardlyhardly意为,,几乎“与hard在词义上完全不同。如:Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4)late,latelylately意为"最近、近来",late意为叩免、迟”。女口：Henevercomeslate・Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?例1Tom*sfatherthinksheisalreadyAhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall解析：该题正确答案是Bo修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词耍放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2—_theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析：该题正确答案为Bo"the+形容词比较级+.••,the+形容词比较级意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例3"lhaven'tbeentoLondonyet"."Ihaven'tbeenthereAtooBalsoCeitherDneither\n解析：该题正确答案为c。A和B都用于肯定句屮。D-neither身意为否定”两者都不”，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为“也”。例4MrSmithwasmovedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析：该题IE确答案为BoA.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如digdeep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互和修饰。(二)介词I.耍点1、介词和种类⑴简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(1)复合介词，如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1)和动词的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如：Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介词的意义与用法举例(1)at,on,in(表时间)表示时间点用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等；表示不确定的吋间或短期假H也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptember1st等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。(2)between,among(农位置)「msittingbetweenTomandAlice.between仅用于二者Z间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between,如\nThevillageliesbetweenthreehills,among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.(1)beside,besidesbeside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为“除…之外”。如：Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(2)inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人在树上，而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上(3)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指扌肖道bytheway扌旨顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法(4)inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner扌旨在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外(5)inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨(6)bybus,onthebusbybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II•例题例1DoyouknowanyotherforeignlanguageEnglish?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析：A、B两项except等于but,意为,滁了J,C・beside意为,,在.••旁边“,不符合题意。而D-besides,意为”除了…之外，还有“。所以该题正确答案为Do该题意为：除了英语外，你述知道别的语言吗？例2Hesuddenlyreturnedarainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析：我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前彳j修饰词，表具体的夜晩,则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例3lookingforwardyourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析：该题正确答案为Aolookforwardto为固定搭配，意为“期望、盼望It(二)连词1.要点2、连词的种类(1)并列连词用來连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and,for,or,both...and,either...or,neither...nor等。(2)从属连词用來引导从句，如\nthat,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。2、常用连词举例(1)and和，并且Theydrankandsangallnight.(2)both...and和，既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3)but但是,而sad,butheishappy.(4)either...or或…或…，要么…要么…Eitheryou'rewrong，orIam.⑸for因为Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6)however然而，可是Affirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo(7)neither...nor既不…也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8)notonly...but(also)不但…而且…Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9)or或者,否则Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10)so因此，所以Ifsgettinglate,soImustgo.(11)although虽然Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12)assoonas一…就「11tellhimassoonasIseehim.(13)because因为Hedidn'tgotoschool,becausehewasill.(14)unless除非,如果不Iwon'tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.(15)until直到…Hedidn'tleaveuntileleven.(瞬间动词用于not...until结构)Hestayedthereuntileleven.(16)while当・・・时候,而(表示对比)WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不口J用瞬间动词)\nMypenisredwhilehisisblue.(6)for因为Hewasill,forhedidn'tcome.(结论是推断出来的)(7)since自从…Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.(8)hardly...when—...就Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.(9)asfaras就…来说AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.Youmaywalkasfarasthelake・(一直走到湖那里)I.例题例1Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为Bo例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,zinfact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter・AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile解析：该处意为“然而”，只有while有此意思,故选Do例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise解析：该处意为”或者”，正确答案为C。(四)动词时态.语态I.要点1、一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。女口:Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、现在进行吋(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进彳亍的动作,常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。如：Whatareyoudoingnow?(2)和always,continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds・3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去,常与just,already,sofar,once,never等词连用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?\n4、一般将來时表示将來某-•时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用。如：「IImeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning・We'regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等词连用。女U：Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作Z前已经发生或完成了的动作。女II:Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived・8、一般过去将來时表示说话人从过左的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn't.9^被动诰态被动诰态的时态,以give为例。时/式一般进行完成现在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave过去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill过去将來shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII.例题例11learnedthatherfatherin1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead解析：该题止确答案为Bo从句111的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中何明确的过去时间状语in1950,所以不川过去完成时态，而丿IJ一般过去时态。例2Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.AislookedBhaslookedforCisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked解析：该题正确答案为Co在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。\n(五)动词虚拟语气I.要点表示说的话不是事实，或者是不町能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于止式的书血语屮。1、虚拟语气的构成注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去，但要倒装。如：Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省)+动词原形“，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一:itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that...句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that...句型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that...女Fl:Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句屮，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。如：Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.(3)在表语从句屮，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形”。如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形”。如:Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.(5)在Itistimethat...句型中,其谓语动词形式是”动词的过去式”或"should+动词原形”,should不可省。女n：lt*stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.II.例题例1Wehadhopedthathelonger.AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay解析：该题正确答案为Dohadhoped表示"木希望”，同样川法的动词还\n有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气例2Hl\/larywantstoseeyoutoday".Hlwouldrathershetomorrowthantoday/1AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome解析：该题正确答案为Bowouldrather后而的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。例3Hadshebeenolder,sheitbetter.AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwoulddo解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故该题正确答案为B核心句型（50）1.welcometosp欢迎到某地Eg.WelcometoChina。2.Whatsthematterwithsb./sth?出什么毛病了？Eg.What'sthematterwithyourwatch?3.bedifferentfrom与■一不同Eg.TheweatherinBeijingisdifferentfromthatofNanjing。4.bethesameas与……相同Eg.Histrousersarethesameasmine。5.befriend”tosb。对某人友好Eg.Mr.WangisveryfriendlytoUSo6.wanttodostho想做某事Eg」wanttogotoschoolo7.wantsb.todosth。想让某人做某事Eg」wantmysontogotoschooL8.whattodo做什么Eg.Wedon〃tknowwhattodonexto9.letsb.dostho让某人做某事Eg.Lethimentertheroom。10.letsb.notdosth。让某人不做某事Eg.Lethimnotstandintherain。11.whydon'tyoudosth?怎么不做某事呢？Eg.Whydon'tyouplayfootballwithus?12.whynotdosth.?怎么不做某事呢？13.makesb.stho为某人制造某物Eg.Whynotplayfootballwithus?Eg.Myfathermademeakite。14.makesthforsbo为某人制造某物Eg.Myfathermadeakitefor\nmeo14.What...meanby...?做……是什么意思？Eg.Whatdoyoumeanbydoingthat?16.likedoingsth。喜爱做某事Eg.Jimlikesswimmingo17.liketodostho喜爱做某事Eg.Hedoesn'tliketoswimnow。18.feellikedoingstho想做某事Eg」feellikeeatingbananaso19.wouldliketodosth。愿意做某事Eg.Wouldyouliketogorowingwithme20.wouldlikesb.todosth。愿意某人做某事Eg.I'dlikeyoutostaywithmetonighto21.makesb.dostho逼使某人做某事Eg.Hisbrotheroftenmakeshimstayinthesun。22.letsb.dostho让某人做某事Eg.Letmlesingasongforyou。23.havesb.dosth。使某人做某事Eg.Youshouldrfthavethestudentsworksohardo24.befarfromsp离某地远Eg.Hisschoolisfarfromhishomeo25.beneartosp离某地近Eg.Thehospitalisneartothepostofficeo26.begoodatsth./doingsth。擅长某事/做某事Eg.WearegoodatEnglishoTheyaregoodatboating。27」ttakessb.sometimetodostho某人花多少时间做某事Eg」ttookmemorethanayeartolearntodrawabeautifulhorseinfiveminuteso28.sb.spendsometime/money(in)doingstho某人花多少时间做某事Eg.Ispenttwentyyearsinwritingthenovel(小说)。29.sb.spendsometime/moneyonstho某事花了某人多少时间/金钱Eg」imspent1000yuanonthebike。\n某物花了某人多少钱Eg.ThebikecostJimlOOOyuan。31.sb.paysomemoneyforsth。某人为某物付了多少钱EgJimpaid1000yuanforthebike。32.begin/startwithsth。开始做某事Eg.Thestartedthemeetingwithasong。33.begoingtodosth0打算做某事Eg.WearegoingtostudyinJapan。34.callAB叫ABEg.TheycalledthevillageGumtreeo35.thanksb.forsth./doingsth。感谢某人做某事Eg.Thankyouforyourhelp。Thankyouforhelpingme。36.Whatfor?为什么Eg.WhatdoyoulearnEnglishfor?37.How/whataboutdoingsth.?做某事怎么样？Eg.Howaboutgoingfishing?Eg.Lucyisthetallestinherclasso39.S+be+比较级+thananyother+n。Eg.Lucyistallerthananyotherstudentinherclasso40.havetodosth。不得不做某事Eg」havetogohomenow。41.hadbetterdosth。最好做某事Eg.You'dbetterstudyhardatEnglisho42.hadbetternotdosth。最好别做某事Eg.You'dbetternotstayup。43.helpsb.todosth。帮助某人做某事Eg.LucyoftenhelpsLilytowashherclotheso44.helpsb.dosth。帮助某人做某事Eg.HeusuallyhelpsmelearnEnglisho45.helpsb.withstho帮助某人做某事Eg」sometimeshelpmymotherwiththehouseworko46.makeit+时间把时间定在几点Eg.Let"smakeit8：30.\n40.takesb.tosp带某人到某地Eg.Mr.WangwilltakeustotheSummerPalacenextSunday。49.havenothingtodo(withsb)与某人没有关系Eg.Thathasnothingtodowithme。50•主语+don'tthink+从句认为……不……Eg」don'tthinkitwillraintomorrowo主谓一致应注意的问题主谓一致是一个很重要的语法项目，其中有些很重要的问题要注意。1.manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多〃，但谓语耍用单数形式。女n：ManyastudenthasbeentoJapanbefore.（很多学生去过日本。）2.某些复数名词如：shoes,glasses,trousers,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词川复数形式，但如果前面有暈词岀现，则谓语动词要用单-数形式。女D:Thetrousersthereareexpensive.（那的裤子很贵。）3•当主语中包括with,alongwith,aswellas,togetherwith,besides,except,but,including等时，谓语动词和这些词前面的主语保持一致。如：Tom,togetherwithhisfamilyisgoingonholiday.（汤姆和他的家人一起去度假。）1.时间、距离、金钱、重量等作主语时，看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。女H：Fivedollarsisenough』五美元就足够了。）2.山what引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语川单数形式。如：Whattheysaidisright.（他们所说的是正确的。）3.固定结构each+单数名诃+and、each+单数名词或every+单数名词+and>every+单数名词，谓语动词用单数女II：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.（每个男孩和女孩都有座位了。）4.anumberof作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式;thenumberof作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。女U：AnumberofpeoplearetryingtolearnEnglish.（很多人在努力学英语。8.动词不定式或动名词在句屮作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。女II：Toseeistobelieve.（0K见为实。）初中英语句型大搜集\nLesson1关键句型全总结（一）关键句型一：关于写信询问某事的句型1.I'mwritingtorequestmoreinformationaboutthedaytourtoLondon.2.writingformoreinformationaboutthedaytourtoLondon.关键句型二：关于询问具体细节的句型1.I'dliketoknowifyouhaveanyspecialpricesforstudents.2.Whatabouttimeforshopping?Isitincludedintheschedule?3.Asforlunch,isitineludedintheprice?4.Canyoutellmemoredetailsaboutthetrip?5.Pleaseletmeknowthescheduledreturntime.6.1wonderifyoucouldtellmemoreaboutthetrip.7.1alsowanttoknowhowlongthetourwilllast.8.1haveonefinalquestion,isthereanytimescheduledforshopping?Lesson2关键句型全总结（二）关键句型一：表达个人观点的句型1.Inmyopinion,…在我看来……。2.AsfarasIamconcerned,・・.就我看來3.Personally,…我个人认为4.Frommypointofview,...在我看来5.1think（that）...我认为。6.AsIseeit.・・•在我看来……。关键句型二：阐述论据的句型（以本题为例）\n1.Foronereason...Foranotherreason…一个大原因是・・・••・。另一个原因是……。2.What'smore…此外…。3.Ontheonehand,...ontheotherhan«…一方面……，另一方面……OLesson3关键句型全总结（三）关键句型一：表示肯定的句型Umsureyou'lllikethedeliciousChinesefoodhere!2.1believeyouwillfindChinesefooddelicious.3.「mconvineedthatyoullloveChinesefood.5.1betyouwillloveChinesefood!关键句型二：表示为某人提供某物1-We'llprovideyouwitharoomofyourownwithabed,adesk,acoupleofchairsandaTV.2.We'llprovidearoomwithabed,adesk,acoupleofchairsandaTVforyou.3.We'llsupplyyouwitharoomthathasabed,adesk,acoupleofchairsandaTV.4.We'llsupplyaroomwithabed,adesk,acoupleofchairsandaTVforyou.5.We'llpreparearoomwithabed,adesk,acoupleofchairs,andaTVforyou.6.Youwillhavearoomofyourownwithabed,adesk,acoupleofchairsandaTV.关键句型三：表示提供帮助的句型表示提供帮助的句型非常多，我们旨在抛砖引玉，只给出几个参考句型,希望同学们自己努力思考，平时留意悼念相关的句型，为自己増加财富！\n1.Pleasesetmeknowifyouhaveanyquestionsorrequests.2.Justcallmeiftherefsanythingyouneed.3.(Please)letmeknowifthere'sanythingIcanhelpyouwith.4.Don'thesitatetoaskforhelpifyouhaveanyquestionsorrequests.5.「11begladtohelpifyouhaveanyquestionsorrequests.6.rdbeglad讦Icouldhelp.关键句型四：表示尽力做某事的句型1.We'lltryourbesttomakeyourstayhereinBeijingapleasantexperienee.2.We'lldoeverythingwecantohelpyouenjoyyourstayhereinBeijing.3.We'lldoallwecantohelpyouhaveagoodtimeinBeijing.4.We'lldoourbesttomakeyourstayinBeijingahappyone!Lesson4关键句型一：讲故事开头的句型1・Onceuponatimetherewasafarmerwhoworkedhardinthefieldseveryday.2.Thereoncewasafarmerwhoworkedveryhardeveryday.3.Longlongago,therelivedafarmerwhoworkedveryhardeveryday.4.Oneday,thefarmerheardsomethingoddashewadhoeing.关键句型二：陈述学到某种道理的句型1.Thestorytellsusthatifyouwanttogetsomething,youmustworkhardforit.2.Fromthestory,welearnthatonlybyworkinghardcanwegetwhatwewant.3.Thestorysuggests:"Nopains,nogains.H4.Thelessoninthisstoryisthatyoumustworkhardtogetwhatyouwant.Lesson5关键句型一：表达信息来源的句型\n1.1readinthenewspaperthat...2」Iearnedfromthenewspaperthat...3.Byreadingtoday'snewspaperthat...4」tsaysintoday'snewspaperthat...关键句型二：提出建议的句型关于提建议的句型非常多，这里我们只给几个适用于这道题的提建议句型:1.1thinkthisisagoodchaneeforyouto...2.rdliketosuggestyou...3.1thinkyoumightliketo…4.1waswonderingifyou'dliketo…JirrVsContribution:IthinkthisisagoodchaneeforyoutoentertheEnglishSpeakingCompetition.我认为这是你参加英语演讲比赛的一个好机会。关键句型三：主动提供帮助的句型主动提供帮助的句型我们已经在第一课学习了不少，这里我们再给大家提供几个句型：1.IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbegladto...2・IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,itwillbemygreatpleasureto...3・JusttellmeifIcanbeofanyhelp.4.Don'thesitatetoaskifyouneedanyhelp・5.1wouldbeverypleasedtodoanythingthatwouldhelpyou.Lesson6关键句型一：表示欢迎的句型1.WelcometoChina.\n2.1amgladtolearnthatyouarecomingtoChina.3.1feelveryhonoredtohaveyouhereinChina.3.MyparentsandIareverypleasedtohaveyouwithus关键句型二：告知他人的句型1.Nowletmetellyouwhatwearegoingtodo.2.1wouldliketotellyouwhatwearegoingtodo.2.「IIletyouknowwhatwearegoingtodo.3.Letmefillyouinonwhatwearegoingtodo.[fillsb.Inon:对某人提供……的情况】4.THgiveyouthedetails/story/lowdownonwhatwearegoingtodo.关键句型三：表达期待某事的句型1.「mlookingforwardtomeetingyousoon.2.1expecttomeetyousoon.3.「meagertomeetyousoon.4.1can'twaittomeetyousoon.1.OurschoolwillarrangeforsometopstudentstogotoAmericaforthesummercamp.我们学校将组织一些优秀的学生到美国去参加夏令营。2.Whatareyougoingtoarrangeforusduringourstayinyourcity?在我们呆在你所信的城市期间，你将为我们安排些什么活动呢？Lesson7关键句型一：表达歉意的句型1.「mreally/terribly/awfullysorryfornotbeingabletoattendthelecture.2.1amsosorrythatIwon'tbeabletoattendthelecture.3.TmafraidthatIwon'tbeabletoattendthelecture.\n1.Excusemefornotbeingabletoattendthelecture.2.Pleaseforgivemefornotbeingabletoattendthelecture.6.1apologizefornotbeingabletoattendthelecture・1.Pleaseacceptmyapologiesfornotbeingabletoattendthelecture.关键句型二；说明理由的句型1.BecauseIhavetomeetmyuncleattheairport,Iwon'tbeabletoattendthelecturetomorrowafternoon.2.Becauseofmypromisetomeetmyuncleattheairport,Iwon'tbeabletoattendthelecturetomorrowafternoon.3.SinceIhavetomeetmyuncleattheairport,Iwon'tbeabletoattendthelecturetomorrowafternoon.4.1won'tbeabletoattendthelecturetomorrowafternoon,forIhavetomeetmyuncleattheairport.5.1havetomeetmyuncleattheairport,andthafswhyIwon'tbeabletoattendthelecturetomorrowafternoon.3.ThereasonformyabseneefromthelecturetomorrowafternoonwasthatIhavetomeetmyuncleattheairport.4.LetmeexplainwhyIwon'tbeabletoattendthelecturetomorrowafternoon.5.It'sbecauseIhavetomeetmyuncleattheairportthatwon'tbeabletoattendthelecturetomorrowafternoon.关键句型三：关于询问的句型1.1waswonderingifIcouldtakeaphotohere.2.1wonderifitispossibletotakeaphotohere.3.1wanttoknowifIcantakeaphotohere.4.CouldyoupleasetellmeifIcouldtakeaphotohere?5.rdliketofindoutifIcouldtakeaphotohere.关键句型四：提出请求的句型\n1.CouldIborrowthetape,please?2.MayIborrowthetape?3.I'dliketoborrowthetape.4.DoyouthinkIcouldborrowthetape?Lesson8关键句型一：表示“花时间做某事“的句型1.Theyspend25minutesdoingsportseveryday.2.Thestudentsput25minutesintosportsactivitieseveryday.3.Theyputin25minutesdoingsportseveryday.4.25minutesisspentonthesportseveryday.5.25minutesistakenupbysportsactivitieseveryday.6.25minutesgoesintosportseveryday.关键句型二：表达看法的句型1.1thinktheschoolshouldencouragethestudentstoexercisemoreafterclass.1.Inmyopinion,theschoolshouldencouragethestudentstoexercisemoreafterclass.2.Personally,Ibelievethestudentsshouldgetmoreexerciseafterclass-3.Afterreadingthesecharts,Ican'thelpthinkingthattheschoolshouldencouragethestudentstoexercisemoreafterclass.4.Ifyouaskme,Ithinktheschoolshouldencouragethestudentstodomoreexerciseafterclass.5.Itseemstomethattheschoolshouldencouragethestudentstogetmoreexerciseafterclass.6.「djustliketosaytheschoolshouldencouragethestudentstodomoreexerciseafterclass.7.rdliketopointoutthatthestudentsshouldexercisemoreafterclass.\n1.Asfaras「mconcerned,thestudentsshoulddomoreexerciseafterclass,[asfarasconcerned:就我血言】10・Frommypointofview,theschoolshouldencouragethestudentstoexercisemoreafterclass.Lesson9关键句型一：表达可能性的句型1.Maybeyoulostthemoneyonyourwayhome.Ormaybeyoulentthemoneytooneofyourfriendsbutyouforgotaboutit.2.Youprobablylostthemoneyonyourwayhome.3.It'sevenpossiblethatyoulostthemoneyonyourwayhome・4.It'slikelythatyoulostthemoneyonyourwayhome.5.There'salsoanotherpossibilitythatyoulostthemoneyonyourwayhome.关键句型二：表达安慰的句型1.Takeiteasy.2.It'snobigdeal.3.Ifsnothingtoworryabout.4.Don'tbesuchacrybaby.5.Don'tworry(aboutit).Lesson10关键句型一：表示负责某事的句型1.Todayourteacherputmeinchargeofthewallnewspaperinmyclass.2.1willtakechargeofthewallnewspaperinmyclass.3.1willbeinchargeofthewallnewspaperinmyclass.4・Iwilltakeoverthewallnewspaperinmyclass.5・Iwasassignedtotakechargeofthewallnewspaperinmyclass.\n6・I'mresponsibleforthewallnewspaperinmyclass.关键句型二；表达决定、决心的句型1.1decidedtocompletethetask.1.determinedtocompletethetask.2.「vefixedoncompletingthetask.4.1havemadeupmymindtocompletethetask.1.「vemakeadecisiontocompletethetask.关键句型三：表达计划的句型1.Tmthinkingofreportingsomeeventsthathappenedaroundusonthewallnewspaper.2.1willreportsomeeventsthathappenedaroundusonthewallnewspaper.3.goingtoreportsomeeventsthathappenedaroundusonthewallnewspaper・4.1plantoreportsomeeventsthathappenedaroundusonthewallnewspaper.5.1intendtoreportsomeeventsthathappenedaroundusonthewallnewspaper.6.1proposetoreportsomeeventsthathappenedaroundusonthewallnewapaper.Lesson11关键句型一：表达看法的句型1.someofthemthinkthatitisnecessarytostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood.2.SomeofthestudentspointoutthatitisgoodtostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood.3.SomeofthemholdtheideathatitisnecessarytostartlearningEnglishatanearlyage・\n4・TheirpointofviewisthatitisnecessarytostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood・3.Inthosepeople'sopinion,itisgoodtostartlearningEnglishatahearlyage.6・SomeofthemarguethatitisagoodideatostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood.关键句型二：表不支持的句型1.SomeofthemagreewiththeideathatEnglishlearningshouldstartearlyIchildhood.2.SomeofthemarefortheideathatEnglishlearningshouldstartearlyinchildhood.3.SomestudentsthinkthatitisrighttostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood.4.SomestudentsthinkitisagoodideatolearnEnglishfromayoungage・5.SomestudentsconsideritreasonabletolearnEnglishfromchildhood.[reasonableadj.合理的；有道理的】6・SomepeopleareinfavoroflearningEnglishfromayoungage・1.SomeofthemapproveoftheideathatitisgoodtostartlearningEnglishfromchildhood.[approveof:赞成；满意】2.SomestudentsthinkthatthereissomethingtothenotionthatEnglishlearningshouldstartatayoungage.【notionn.观念；想法】关键句型三：表示反对的句型1.Someofthemdon'tthinkthatitisagoodideatostartlearningEnglishatanearlyage.2.OtherstudentsareopposedtotheideathatchildrenshouldstartlearningEnglishatayoungage.3.Otherstudentsdon'tthinkitissuitableforthechildrentostartlearningEnglishatayoungage.\n1.SomeofthemareagainsttheideathatitisnecessarytolearnEnglishfromchildhood・2.OtherstudentsdisapproveoftheideathatitisnecessarytolearnEnglishfromchildhood.【disapproveof:反对】3.OtherstudentsdisagreedwiththeideathatitisnecessarytolearnEnglishfromchildhood.4.ButothersdonotagreewiththeideathatitisnecessarytolearnEnglishfromchildhood.5.SomeofthestudentswouldnotliketogivetheirsupporttotheideathatitisnecessarytolearnEnglishfromchildhood.Lesson12关键句型：提出建议的句型1.Youcanuseyourpocketmoneyinthisway.2.1thinkyoushoulduseyourpocketmoneyinthisway.3.1thinkyoucanuseyourpocketmoneyonthesethings.1.Youmightaswelluseyourpocketmoneyinthisway.2.You'dbetteruseyourpocketmoneyinthisway.3.It'sagoodideatouseyourpocketmoneyonthesethings.7.1thinkit'lldoyougoodtouseyourpocketmoneyonthesethings.8.1suggestthatyoushoulduseyourpocketmoneyonthesethings.9.1wouldadviseyoutouseyourpocketmoneyinthisway.Lesson13关键句型一：过去进行时的句型\n1.Atabout9o'clocklastnight,Iwasdoingmyhomework.2.1wasdoingsomewashingwhenyoucalledmelastnight.3.HewaslisteningtotheEnglishtapewhensomeoneknoekedatthedoor.4.MotherwaspreparingforsupperwhenIwentbackhomefromschoolyesterdayafternoon.关键句型二：提出要求的句型1.CouldyoupleaseturnyourTVdownabit?2.WouldyoupleaseturnyourTVdownabit?3.DoyoumindturningdownyourTValittlebit?4.CouldyoupossiblyturnyourTVdownabit?5.DoyouthinkitwouldbepossibletoturnyourTVdownabit?6.1wouldappreciateitifyoucouldturnyourTVdownabit.【Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我净很感激。】关键句型三；道歉的句型UmawfullysorrythatIhavedisturbedyou.2.「mreallysorrytohavedisturbedyou.3.「mterriblysorryfordisturb!ngyou.4.1doapologizefordisturbingyou.5.Athousandpardonsfordisturbingyou.6.1can'ttellyouhowsorryIamfordisturbingyou.Lesson14关键句型一：一般过去时的句型1.Therewasaparknearourschool.2.Lotsofstudentstookpartinthelectureyesterday.3.1spentmysummervacationinShanghailastyear.\n1.Thefiremenarrived,andsoonthefirewasundercontrol.2.LastSaturdayevening,Iwenttothemovieswithsomefriends.3.Soontwopolicemeninapolicecarcameandarrestedthethief.关键句型二：表示感谢的句型）1.Thewomanthankedtheoldman.2.Thewomansentherthankstotheoldman.3.Thewomanfeltverygratefultotheoldman.4.Thewomanappreciatedtheoldmanverymuch.5.Thewomanexpressedherappreciationtotheoldman.6.Thewomanexpressedhergratitudefortheoldman'shelp.[gratituden.感激；谢意】Lesson15关键句型一：表达冃的的句型1.Thepurposesoftheprogramaretomakeourschoolmorebeautiful.2.Wearecarryingoutthisprograminordertomakeourschoolmorebeautiful.3.Wearegoingtocarryoutthisprogramsoastomakeourschoolmorebeaut讦ul.4.We'retryingtocreateamorebeaut讦ulenvironmentforthestudents.5.Weaimtocreateamorebeautifulenvironmentforthestudents.关键句型二；表示规划的句型1.Ourschoolhadstartedonanewprogramtomakethecampusmorebeautiful.2.Ourschoolisstaringanewprogramtomakethecampusmorebeautiful.3.Theprograminvolvesplantingtrees,buildingagarden,anddecoratingthecampus.4.Theprogramwillbeputintoactionbyusplantingtrees,buildingagarden,and\ndecoratingthecampus.1.It'sineludedintheprogramthatstudentartworkwilldecoratethehallsofourschool.2.Theprogramcallsforagardentobebuiltforustovisitandrelax.3.Inthisprogram,wewillsetasideaquietgrassyareawherewecanrestanddosomereading・4.Wewillcarryouttheprogrambysettingasideaquietgrassyareaforustorestanddosomereading.9・Accordingtotheprogram,wewillplantd讦ferentkindsoftrees,flowersandgrassinandaroundourschool.关键句型三：欢迎到访的句型1.Welcometovisitourschool.2.Ifyouarefree,docomeandvisitourschool.3.1hopeyougetthechaneetovisitourschool.3.Youarewelcometovisitourschoolifyouhavethechanee.4.Wewouldlikeyoutovisitourschoolwheneveritisconvenientforyou.Lesson16关键句型一：表示“到某地度假“的句型1.Iwillspendthissummerholiday/vacationinthecountryside.【英式英语中说"holiday",美式英语中说"vacation11.]2.Tmgoingtothecountrysideduringthesummervacation.3.1willgotothecountrysideforvacationthissummer.关键句型二：表达不足的句型1.Therearestillsomeshortcomingstolivingintheurbanarea.2.Therearestillsomedisadvantagestolivinginthecity.\n1.Therearestillsomeproblemstolivingintheurbanarea.2.Lifeinanurbancenterbringsitsownsetofproblems.3.Lifeinthecityisfarfromperfect.4.UrbanI讦ehasit'sdownside.5.Ufeforcity-dwellersisnotallpeachesandcream.Lesson17关键句型一：表示“位于……“的句型（）1.ThecityisonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.2.ThecityliesonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.3.ThecitystandsonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.4.ThecityislocatedonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.5.ThecityissituatedonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.6.ThelocationofthecityisonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.关键句型二：表示取得发展的句型1.Itseconomicstatushasimprovedalotforthepasttenyears.2.Itseconomyhasbeengrowingveryfastforthepasttenyears.3.Itseconomyhasbeendevelopingrapidlyforthepasttenyears.4.Thecityhasmaderapidprogressinitseconomyforthepasttenyears.关键句型三：表达看法的句型:LInmyview,JiangChengshoulddevelopitseconomyscientifically・1.Asfarasconcerned,JiangChengshoulddevelopitseconomyscientifically.\n1.Inmyopinion,JiangChengshoulddevelopitseconomyscientifically.4.1thinkthatJiangChengshoulddevelopitseconomyscientifically.1.Frommypointofview,JiangChengshoulddevelopitseconomyscientifically.6・AsIseeit,JiangChengshoulddevelopitseconomyscientifically.Lesson18关键句型一：表达推荐的句型1.Isuggestthatyoubuythefollowingtwodictionaries.2.Tdliketorecommendthefollowingtwodictionaries.3.rdliketointroducethefollowingtwodictionariestoyou.4.1believethefollowingtwodictionarieswillsurelydoyougood.5.1thinkthefollowingtwodictionariesaregoodforyoutostudyChinese.关键句型二：表示包含的句型1.Ithas18,000Englishwordsand20,000Chinesewords.2.Itrecordsalargenumberofwords.3.Itcontainsavocabularyof10,000words.4.Itconsistsofagreatnumberofwords,notesandsamplesentences.5.Manynotestellingyouhowtousewordsareineludedinthedictionary.关键句型三：描述特点的句型1.TheEnglish・Chinese/Chinese-EnglishDictionaryisreallyagoodoneforbeginners・2.TheXinhuaDictionaryisthemostwidelyusedChinesedictionary.3.TheXinhuaDictionaryisthemostpopularChinesedictionary.\n1.ItmaybeusefultosomeadvaneedlearnersofChinese.[advancedadj.高级的；先进的】2.ItsuitstheadvaneedlearnersofChinese.Lesson19关键句型一：描述房子的句型1.It*sasmallapartment,about25squaremeters,withasittingroom,abathroom,abathroomandakitchen.2.Ifsasmallapartment,consistingofasittingroom,abedroom,abathroomandakitchen.3.Inthesittingroom,youcanseeacoffeetable,asofa,aTVsetandastereo.4.Inthebedroom,thereisabed,asofa,adeskandachair.关键句型二：描述”房租多少”的句型1.Therentis500yuanpermonth.2・Youshouldpay500yuanamonthfortheapartment.1.You'llhavetopay500yuanamonthinrent.2.Theapartmentwillcostyou500yuanpermonth.3.TheIandlordwillchargeyou500yraneverymonth.4.Theapartmentwillsetyouback500yuanamonth.Lesson20关键词一：begoingto打算（做某事）；计划（做某事）1.1amgoingtoenjoymyselfoverthevacation.2.Tmgoingtospendmysummervacationbythesea.3.goingtotakepartinthesummercamp.关键词二:forexample例如1.You'llhavealotoffunbythesea,Forexample,youcanswiminthesea,play\ninthesandandcollectseashells.1.Therearemanytopicsyoucanwriteaboutinyourcomposition.Forexample,youcantalkboutyourfavoritesportoryourfavoritesong.Lesson21关键句型一：表示叫攵费/免费“的句型1.Theticketforenteringtheparkis50RMB.2.Itwillcostyou50yuantoenterthatpark・3.Itusedtobefreetoenterthepark.4.Theybelieveapublicparkshouldbefreeofcharge.5.Anentraneefeewillbechargedfortheparkfromnextmonth.【李阳老师额外奉献：表示收费的其他句型】1.Thebillforthedinneris120yuan.2.Thetuitionforthissemesteris1500yuan.3.Hewasfined200RMBforviolationoftrafficregulation.[finev.罚款violationn.违反（法律等）；违背regulationn.规则；法令】关键句型二：表示看法的句型1.Intheiropinions,thefeesshouldbelow.2.Theythinkthatthefeesshouldbelow.3・Theybelievethatthefeesshouldbelow.4.Theyareconvincedthatthefeesshouldbelow.5.Theysuggestthatthefeesshouldbelow.关键句型三：表示“影响（城市形象）“的说法）1.Itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls,whichwillmakethecitylessattractive.\n1.Itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls,whichwilldoharmtotheappearsneeofacity.2.Itiscertainlyharmfultotheappearaneeofacityifeveryonelitterswherevertheylike.3.Itisnotgoodfortheappearaneeofacitytohavesuchalakefullofrubbish.4.Thecity'sappearaneewillsufferfromtheincreaseinpollution.5.Somefactoriespourwastewaterintotheriver,whichwilldiminishthebeautyofacity.6.Itreallytakesawayfromthebeautyofacitytohavesuchfiltheverywhere.[takeawayfrom:减损filthn.垃圾；污物】Lesson22关键句型一：描述激动心情的句型1.IwasveryexcitedwhenIheardthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.2.HowexcitingthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames!3.1couldn'trestrainmyexcitementwhenIheardthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.1.HowmarvelousthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames!2.HowwonderfultohearthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames!3.I'minagreatmoodonhearingthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.4.IfsbreathtakingthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.关键句型二：表示“决定做某事“的句型（1.Afterabriefdiscussionwedecidedtoputupawallnewspaperforourclass.2.Afterabriefdiscussionwemadeadecisiontoputupawallnewspaperforourclass.3.Afterabriefdiscussionwefixedonputtingupawallnewspaperforourclass.\n1.Afterabriefdiscussionwemadeupourmindstoputupawallnewspaperforourclass.2.Afterabriefdiscussionwesetourmindsonputtingupawallnewspaperforourclass.6・Afterabriefdiscussionwereachedadecisionthatweshouldputupawallnewspaperforourclass.关键句型三：描述惊喜的句型1.Ourclassmatesweresurprisedandoverjoyedwhentheysaythewallnewspaper.2.Ourclassmateswerepleasantlysurprisedwhentheysawthewallnewspaper.3.Itwasreallyasurprisetoourclassmateswhentheysawthewallnewspaper.4・Itwasreallyamazingthattherewasawallnewspaperintheclassroom・1.Itwasbeyondtheirexpectationstoseethewallnewspaper,andallofthemwereextremelyhappy/\n关键句型：表示过去与现在的对比的句型（1.1hadtoworkonweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesinthepast.However,thingshavechangedalotnow.Ihavemorefreetime.2.1usedtohavetoworkevenonweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclasses.NowIhavemorefreetime.1.Inthepast,Ihadtoworkonweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclasses.ButnowIhavemorefreetime.2.It'squitedifferentnow.Iusedtohavetoworkevenonweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclasses,butnowIhavemorefreetime.3.It'snotlikeitusedtobeatall.NowIhavemorefreetime.6.1havemorefreetimethanbefore・Lesson24关键句型一:表示申情发牛的句型1.ThetrafficaccidenthappenedonFebruary8,2000.2.TheeventtookplaceearlyinthemorningonFebruary8,2000.3.Thecrossroadwhere3rdmeetsParkStreetwaswhereithappened.4.Therewasatrafficattheintersectionof3rdandPark.5.Itoccurredonthecornerof3rdandPark.关键句型二：表示“观察；注意“的句型1.1paidattentiontothecar'slicenseplate.2.1noticedtheplatenumberwasAC864.3.1gotalookathislicenseplate.ThenumberwasAC864.4.1gothislicenseplatenumber.\n关键句型一：宣布举行活动的句型1.TheStudentUnionhasdecidedtoorganizeamusicweek.2.TheStudentUnionwillholdamusicweek.3.AmusicweekwillbeheldbytheStudentUnion.4.WewillhaveamusicweekheldbytheStudentUnion.5.TherewillbeamusicweekheldbytheStudentUnion.关键句型二：表达“活动包含……“的句型1.Theactivitieswillincludesingingpopsongsandplayingclassical&folkmusic.2.Amongtheactivitiestherewillbepopsingingandclassical&folkperformances.3.Singingpopsongsandplayingclassical&folkmusicwillbejustsomeoftheactivitiesoffered.4.Therewillbemanykindsofactivitiesincludingsingingpopsongsandplayingclassical&folkmusic.5.Wewillhaveabundantactivitiesduringthemusicweek,suchasdingingpopsongsandplayingclassical&folkmusic.[abundantadj.丰富的；充裕的】关键句型三；关于报名的句型1.Ifyouwouldliketojoinus,pleasetellusbeforeApril20th.2.Ifyou'dliketotakepartinthemusicweek,pleaseletusknowbeforeApril20th.3.Thosewhoareinterested,pleasemakesureyouareonourlistbyApril20th.4.Ifinterested,pleasecomeandsignupforitbeforeApril20th.5.AllwishingtoparticipatepleaseregisterbeforeApril20th.6.April20thisthedeadlinetosignup.\nLesson26关键句型一：告诉某人某事的句型1.Doyouknowwhathashappenedinmyschool?2.Letmetellyouafewthingsaboutmyschool.3.rdliketoletyouknowsomethingaboutmyschool.3.Iamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyschool.6・Iwouldlikeyoutoknowsomethingaboutmyschool.关键句型二：表示“发生变化“的句型1.Quiteafewchangeshavetakenplace.2.Quiteafewchangeshaveoccurred.3.Ourschoolhasexperieneedgreatchanges・4.Manychangeshavehappenedatourschool.5.Manychangeshavebeenmadeatourschool.6.Ourschoolhasgonethroughquiteafewchanges.[gothrough:经历;经受】7.Therearequiteafewchangesthathavetakenplace.关键句型三：描述方位的句型1.Ourschoolisoppositetothenewpostoffice.2.Ononesideoftheriverthereisarowoftrees.3.1willwaitforyouinfrontofthegateofthepark.4.Ontheothersidenowstandsanewmovietheater.5.Wehavemadealotofimprovementsonandaroundthecampus.\n关键词一：givesb.awarmwelcome热烈欢迎某人1.Whenwevisitedthefactory,theworkerstheregaveusawarmwelcome.当我们到工厂参观的时候，那里的工人们热烈地欢迎我们。2.WhenIgottoMary'shouse,herfamilygavemeawarmwelcome.当我去到吗丽家的时候，她一家人热烈地欢迎我。3.Let'sgiveawarmwelcometoProfessorLi.让我们热烈欢迎李教授。关键词二：showsb.around带领某人参观1.Thefarmersshowedusaroundthefarm.农民们带我们参观了农场。2.Thisafternoon,Iwillshowyouaroundthecity.今天下午，我会带你参观这城市。关键词三：havefundoingsth.做某事很愉快。1.Yesterday,wehadgreatfunplayingbasketball.昨天，我们条篮球打得很愉快。2.Didyouhavegreatfunspendingyourvacationinthecountryside?你是不是在乡村度过了一个非常愉快的假期？Lesson28\n关键词一:pointto指向；指着1.Whiletalkingtous,theyoungmanpointedtoapolicemannotfaraway.那个年轻人跟我们说话的时候，指着不远处的一个警察。2.Hepointedtothatoilpaintingandtoldusaboutitshistory.他指着那幅油画，向我们介绍它的历史。关键词二：explainv.解释;说明1.Theyoungmanexplainedwhytheystoppedus.那个年轻人解释人与人之间为什么拦下我们。2.Heexplainedthereasonwhyhewasmadetocatchtheoffenders.他解释他被要求抓违章者的原因。3.Sheexplainedthatherbushadn'tcomeupontime.她解释说她要乘坐的公交车没有按时到达。Lesson29关键句型一：表示“学习课程“的句型1.AmongthesubjectsIstudiedinschoolwereChinese,math,English,physics,chemistryandcomputers.2.ThemainsubjectsIstudiedatschoolineludedChinese,math,English,physics,chemistryandcomputers.3.1studiedmanydifferentsubjectsatschoolincludingChinese,math,English,physics,chemistryandcomputers.4.TherearemanysubjectsIstudiedatschool,suchasChinese,math,English,physics,chemistryandcomputers.5.1studiedlotsofchfferentstuffinschool,including,butnotlimitedto,Chinese,math,English,physics,chemistryandcomputers.【非常正式】\n关键句型二：表示特长的句型1.1likeEnglishandcomputersbest,andIamverygoodatthem.2.1likeEnglishbest,andIalwaysgothighgradesontheEnglishexams.1.MystrengthslieinEnglishandcomputers.[strengthn.力量；长处；优点】2.MybestsubjectswereEnglishandcomputers.5.1didverywellinEnglishandcomputerclasses.1.Englishandcomputersaremyareasofexpertise.[expertisen.专门知识;专门技能】2.TdsayIamquiteproficientatEnglishandcomputers.[proficientadj.熟练的；精通的】关键句型三：表达爱好的句型1.1like/loveplayingguitarbest.1.Inmysparetime,Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusicandcollectingstamps.2.「minterestedincollectingstamps.3.「mreallyfondofskatinginwinter.4.Myfavoritesportsareswimminginsummerandskatinginwinter.6.1adorelisteningtopopularmusic.1.crazyaboutsports.8.1findgreatpleasureinlisteningtopopmusic.9.1likenothingbetterthanswimming.Lesson30关键词一：hold(ameeting/party/contest)举办/召开(会议/聚会/比赛等)1.TheStudentUnionisgoingtoholdapartyonSaturdayevening.\n学生会计划在星期六晚上举办一个晚会。1.Ameetingwillbeheldtodiscusshowtocopewiththisproblem.2.OurclasswillholdanEnglishcontestnextFriday.我们班下周五将举行一次英语竞赛。关键词二：welcomev•欢迎1.TheStudentUnionisgoingtoholdapartytowelcomeourfriendsfromtheUnitedStates・学生会打算举行一个聚会来欢迎来自美国的朋友。2.Aperformaneewillbeputonthiseveningtowelcomethefreshmeninouruniversity.[freshmann.新生；大学一年级新生】为了欢迎我们大学里的新生，今晚将举行一场表演。3.Mymotherpreparedabigmealtowelcomemyclassmates.为了欢迎我的同学，妈妈准备了丰盛的晚餐。关键词三：exchange（gift）交换（礼物等）1.Attheendoftheparty,studentsaresupposedtoexchangegifts.在晚会的最后，学生们将交换礼品。2.WecanusetheInternettoexchangeinformationwithotherpeopleinnotime.【innotime:立刻；几乎马上地】我们可以通过因特网迅速地和别人交换信息。3.InMr.L「sclass,weareencouragedtoexchangeourideaswitheachother.在李老师的课上，他鼓励我们相互交流想法。关键词四：wrapsth.Up包裹（某物）；包装（某）1.Remembertowrapitup,signyournameandwriteafewwordsofgoodwishes.记住把它包装好，签上名，并写上一些祝福的语句\n1.Wraptherubbishupwiththeoldnewspaperandthrowitaway,please.请用旧报纸把垃圾包好扔掉。2.ThebirthdaypresentforDaisyhasbeenwrappedup.给戴西的生日礼物已经包好了。Lesson31关键句型一：买东西的句型（以本题为例）1.Earlyinthemorningwewenttobuysomepresentsformygrandrna.2.Wewenttotheshoptochoosesomepresentsformygrandma.3.Wetoldtheshopassistantthatwewouldliketobuysomepresentsformygrandma.4.Wetoldtheshopassistantthatwewerelookingforsomepresentsformygrandma.5.Wetoldtheshopassistantthatweweretryingtofindsomethingformygrandma'sbirthday.关键句型二：描述用餐的句型1.Themealwasniceandweallenjoyeditverymuch.2.Themealwasdeliciousandweallloveditverymuch.3.Themealwassonicethatweallenjoyeditverymuch.4.Itwassuchanicemealthatweallenjoyeditverymuch.5.Becausethemealwasverynice,weallenjoyeditverymuch.关键句型三：道别的句型1.Wesaidourgoodbyesandheadedhome.2.At4o'clock,wesaidgoodbyeandsetoffforhome・3."Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagainsoon.Goodbye!1'IsaidwhenIwasleaving.4.Weallfeltveryhappytoday,andwehopedthatwecouldmeetagainverysoon.\n1.Itwastimeforustoleave.Weallconsidereditnicemeetingeachother.2.Wewavedgoodbyetothemandleftforhome.Lesson32关键句型一：表示获奖的句型1.Hewonagoldmedalinthedivingeventatthe11thAsianGames.2.Hegotthefirstplaceinthedivingeventatthe11thAsianGames.3.Hewonthefirstprizeinthedivingeventatthe11thAsianGames.4.Hebecameaworldchampionatthe6thWouldSwimmingChampionshipsearlythisyear.5.Hebeatalltheothercompetitorsatthe6thWorldSwimmingChampionshipsearlythisyear.关键句型二：表示“喜欢做某事“的句型1.Hebecameinterestedinswimmingwhenhewasalittleboy.2.Hewasfondofswimmingwhenhewasalittleboy.3.Heliked/lovedswimmingverymuchwhenhewasalittleboy.4.Hedevelopedaninterestinswimmingwhenhewasalittleboy.5.Hedevelopedastrongpassionforswimmingwhenhewasveryyoung.[passionn.激情；热情】关键句型三：表示“认真学习”的句型1.Hestudiedhardatschool.2.Heworkedhardatschool.3.Hedevotedhimselftohisstudies.4.Hegavehisstudieseveryth!nghehad.5.Heputhimselfintohisstudywhenhewasatschool.6.Heputhisheartintohisschoolworkwhenhewasatschool.\nLesson33关键句型一：表示”担心；忧虑“句型（1.Tmworriedabouttheeffectsoftelevision,especiallyonourchildren.2.worryingthattheTVhasmoreandmoreimpactonourchildren.3.ItfsaworrytomethattheTVhasmoreandmoreimpactsonourchildren.4.veryconcernedthatTVhasinflueneedourchildrengreatly.5.1feelgreatconcernfortheeffectsoftelevision,especiallyonourchildren.6.1amdisturbedbytheeffectsoftelevision,especiallyonourchildren.1.Theeffectsoftelevisiononourchildrendisquietmeagreatdeal.[disquietv.使不安;使忧虑】关键句型二：表示”仿效“的句型1.ManychildrencopywhattheyseeonTV.2.ManychildrenlearnfromthebadexamplesshownonTV.3.AfterwatchingtheTVprograms,manychildrenfollowsuit.[followsuit:照别人的方式去做；学样（尤俯拾皆是坏的方面）】4.ManychildrenareinthralltowhattheyseeonTV.[inthrallto:受控制；深受……影响】5.ManychildrenareenthralledbywhattheyseeonTV.[enthrallv.迷惑；迷住；奴役】关键句型三：表示“诱导啲句型1.Theadvertisementsmakethechildrenwantthingstheydon'tneed.2.Theadvertisementsattractthechildrentoaskforthingstheydon'tneed.3.Theadvertisementstemptthechildrentoaskforthingstheydon'tneed.4.Theadvertisementsallurethechildrentoaskforthingstheydon'tneed.\n1.Theadvertisementsstimulatethechildrentoaskforthingstheydon'tneed.2.Theadvertisementspropelthechildrentoaskforthingstheydon'tneed.关键句型四：表示“导致“的句型1.Manychildrenhavetowearglasses,andIbelieveitisbecauseofthelonghourstheyspendwatchingTV.2.ThelonghoursthechildrenspendwatchingTVcausemanyofthemtowearglasses.3.ThelonghoursthechildrenspendwatchingTVresultinmanyofthemhavingtowearglasses.4.ThelonghoursthechildrenspendwatchingTVleadtothefactthatmanyofthemhavingtowearglasses.5.ManychildrenenduphavingtowearglassesduetothelonghourstheyspendwatchingTV.[endupdoing:结果是……】Lesson34关键句型一：请假的句型1.1wantadayoff.2.1amwritingtoaskyouforsickleave.1.Shehadadayoffbecauseshe'dgotabadcold.4.1havetotakeadayoffbecauseoftheseriousheadache.1.Herequestedaleaveofabsenee.2.Hewasoutsickforaday.关键句型二：描述生病的句型1.1hadabadcold.2.1hadaheadache/stomachache/backache/sorethroatyesterday・【sore\nthroat:喉咙痛】3.1hadgotahighfever.4.1feelapaininmyleg.1.Thereisaseriouspaininmyback.2.ThatnightIhadabadattackofdiarrhea.关键句型三：叫某人做某事的句型1.Thedoctoraskedmetostayinbedforthreedays.2・Thedoctortoldmetotakethismedicinethreetimesaday・1.Thedoctorprescribedmedicineandtoldmenottotakeitwithalcohol.[prescribev.开处方；开药】2.Thedoctoradvisedmetostayinbed.3.Thedoctorsuggesteddrinkingmorewater.4.Thedoctor'sorderswereplentyofexerciseandVitaminC.5.ThedoctorrecommendedthatIrest.Lesson35关键句型一：表示感谢（别人的邀请）的句型1.Itwasveryniceofyoutoinviteme.2.Itissokindofyoutoinvitemetospendthesummerholidayswithyou.3.Thankyousomuchforyourkindinvitationtospendthesummerholidayswithyou.4.1can'ttellyouhowhappyIwastoreceiveyourinvitation.1.Whatadelightfulideatospendthesummervacationinyourvillagewithyou!Thankyou.关键句型二：表示拒绝（邀请）的句型\n1.Itwasveryniceofyoutoinviteme,butfmsorrytosaythatIwillnotbeabletocome.2.I'mterriblysorry,butIdon'tthinkIcanmakeit.Thankyouallthesame.3.rdlovetospendafewdayswithyou,butI'mafraidIcant4.Manythanksforyourinvitation,butafraidthatIwillnotbeabletocome.5.1wishIcould,but「vealreadyfixedsomethingup.[fixup:安排】关键句型三：表达“照顾某人”的句型1.1willhavetolookaftermymother・2.1havetotakecareofmymother.1.responsibleformymother'scare.2.There'snoonebutmetowatchoutformom.Lesson36关键句型一：表示”从事……工作“的句型（1.Mymotherisanurse.2.Mymotherworksinahospital.3.Mymother'sjobisanurse.4.Mymotherworksasanurseinahospital.5.Mymother'sfieldisnursing.6.Mymotheris/worksinthenursingprofession.关键句型二；表示称赞的句型（1.Theyallsaysheisagoodnurse.2.Allthepeopleconsidermymotheragoodnurse.3.Everyoneagreesthatmymotherisanexcellentnurse.4.Everyoneacknowledgesthatmymotherisagoodnurse.\n1.Lotsofpeoplecan'thelpadmiringmymother'sdevotiontoherjob.关键句型三：描述“尽心尽力“力的句型1.Sheworkshard.2.Shereallyputsherheartintohelpingherpatients.3.Shedoeseverythingshecantoeasetheirsuffering.4.Wheneverthepatientsareintrouble,sheisalwaysreadytohelpthem・5.Sheisverykindtothepatientsandalwaystriesherbesttoservethem.6.ShegoesaboveandbeyondthecallofdutytomakesureherpatientsareOK.[aboveandbeyond:大于;多于;远于】7.Shegivesherjob110%.【"givesth.no%11是一个英语习惯用语，表示”尽力做某事”，这是一种夸张的说法。还可以说"givesth.100%%但前者用得更多。】Lesson37关键句型一：表示妆台建于……“的句型1.Itdatesfromabout770BC.[datefrom:从就有了】2.Itdatesbacktoabout770BC.【datebackto：回溯到】3.Itwasbuiltinabout770BC.4.Itwasconstructedinabout770BC.5.Peoplebegantobuilditinabout770BC.\n关键句型二：表示长、宽、高的句型（）1.Itismorethan6,000kilometerslong,6to7metershighand4to5meterswide.2.Itslengthis6,000kilometers,heightis6to7metersandwidthis4to5meters.3.Itis6,000kilometersinlength,6to7metersinheightand4to5metersinwidth.关键句型三：“不到长城非好汉”的翻译方法1.You'renotamanuntilyouvisittheGreatWall.2.YouVenoman;you'veneverbeentotheGreatWall.3.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.4.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallishardlyarealman.5.Howcanyoucallyourselfamanifyouhaven'tevenbeentotheGreatWall?Lesson38关键句型一：表示出生的句型1.ErnestMillerHemingwaywasborninOakPark,Illinoisintheyear1899.2.ErnestMillerHemingwayentered/cameintothisworldin1899.3.ErnestMillerHemingway'smothergavebirthtohimin1899・关键句型二：表达取得成功的句型（以本题为例）1.TheOldManandTheSeawashismostsuccessfulnovel.2・ThegreatestnovelhehadpublishedwasTheOldManandTheSea・3.Hisbook,TheOldManandTheSea,turnedouttobeagreatsuccess.4.Hisbook,TheOldManandTheSea,wonhimthePulitzerPrize.\n3.Forthebook,TheOldManandTheSea,hewonthePulitzerPrize.4.Thankstothebook,TheOldManTheSea,hereceivedthePulitzerPrize.5.Hisbook,TheOldManandTheSea,madeagreatstirwiththepublicafteritwaspublished.[makeastir:引起轰动】关键句型三：描述自杀的句型1.Heshothimselfin19612.Hetookhisownlifewithagunin1961.3.Hekilledhimselfwithagunin1961.4.Hisdeath,byhisownhand,in1961,wastrulyasadevent.5.Hecommittedsuicidewithagunin1961.6.Heblewhimselfawayin1961・[blowaway:用枪射杀】Lesson39关键句型一：表达递进（除了我，其他人也……）的句型（以本题为例）1.Besidesme,moststudentsofourschoolareagainsttheconstructionofachemicalworksnearourschool.2.1amagainsttheconstructionofachemicalworksnearourschool.Moreover,moststudentsholdthesameideaasme.3.NotonlyI,butalsomostoftheotherstudentsofourschooldisapproveoftheconstructionofachemicalplantnearourschool.4.Moststudentsofourschool,includingme,opposetotheconstructionofachemicalworksnearourschool.关键句型二：表示转折（尽管……但・・・・・・）的句型\n1.Theworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity,butwethinkitsilldousmoreharmthangood.2.Theworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity,whilewethinkitwilldousmoreharmthangood.3・Thoughtheworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity,wethinkitwilldoupmoreharmthangood.1.Althoughtheworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity,wethinkitwilldousmoreharmthangood・2.Eveniftheworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity,wethinkitwilldousmoreharmthangood.3.Theworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity.However,wethinkitwilldousmoreharmthangood.4.Inspiteofthegreatamountofmoneytheworkswillmakeforourcity,wethinkitwilldousmoreharmthangood.5.Despitethepossibilitythattheworkswillmakealotofmoneyforourcity,wethinkitsilldousmoreharmthangood.关键句型三：表示,,对……有害“的句型（以木题为例）1.Thechemicalworkswilldoharmtoourcity.2.Itisbadforourcitytobuildachemicalworks.3.Achemicalworkswouldbeadisasterforourcity.4.Itwillbeharmfultobuildachemicalworksinourcity.5.Buildingachemicalworkscouldonlybringharmtoourcity.6.Thechemicalworkswillhaveabadeffectontheenvironmentofourcity.7・Theproposedchemicalworkswillhaveanadverseeffectonourcity.[adverseacj.不利的；敌对的；相反的】\nLesson40关键句型一：（在信屮）介绍某人的句型1.rdliketointroducemyyoungerbrothertoyou.2.HaveIeverintroducedmyyoungerbrothertoyou:?3.1wouldlikeyoutogettoknowmyyoungerbrother.1.Letmeintroducemyyoungerbrothertoyou.关键句型二：表示担心的句型（1.TheonlyproblemishisEnglishisn'tsogreat.2.Heisafraidthatpeoplewon'tbeabletounderstandhim.3.1finditveryworryingthathisEnglishisnotsogood.4.Ifsaworrytomethathewon'tbeabletocommunicatewiththepeoplethere.5.veryconcernedthathispoorEnglishwillcausehimalotoftrouble.6.worriedthathewon'tbeabletocommunicatewhilevisitingtouristattractionsorshopping.关键句型三：请求帮助的句型1.1haveafavortoaskyou.1.Wouldyoubekindenoughtogivehimasmuchhelpaspossible?2.Wouldyoubekindenoughtogivehimasmuchhelpaspossible?3.I'dreallyappreciateitifyougavehimalittlehelp.4.Wouldyoumindlookingoutforhimwhilehe'sinthecity?[lookoutfor:照料；当心】5.Couldyoupleasedomeafavorandlookoutforhimwhilehe*sinthecity?\n关键句型一：比较级和最高级的句型1.Peoplearemuchricherthanbefore.2.Peopleherenowliveamuchbetterlifethanbefore.3.Thissmallvillagehasbecomemorebeautifulthanbefore.4.Theteachingbuildingisthebiggestbuildinginourvillage.5.Theteachingbuildingisthegreatestconstructioninourvillage.关键句型二：表示“没有“句型（以本题为例）1.Therewerenoschoolsinourvillage.2.Ourlittlevillagedidn'tevenhaveaschool.3.Wehadnoschoolsinourvillageinthepast.4.Myhometownisapoorvillagewithoutschool.5.Therewasnotsomuchasaschoolinourvillage.关键句型三：现在完成时的句型1.Childrenhavegotaplacetohavelessons.2.Peoplehavebuiltanewschoolinourvillage.3.1haven'tbeenbacktomyhometownfortwoyears.4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourvillagesince1980.5.Thelivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimprovedsince1980.6.Haveyoueverheardaboutthechangeshappenedinourvillage?Lesson42关键句型一：表达”因・・..・・而出名“的句型1.Ourareaisfamousasagreatproducerofcoal,oilandgas.2.Ourareaisveryfamousforitscoal,oilandgasproduct!on.\n1.Thankstoitscoal,oilandgasproduction,ourareabecameveryfamous.2.Itiswellknownforitscoal,oilandgasproduction.3.Itsreputationforitscoal,oilandgasproduction.4.Wemadeournameforturningouthighqualitycoal,oilandgas.[turnout:生产；制造】5.Ourareaenjoysagoodreputationforturningoutalargequantityofcoal,oilandgas.【enjoyagoodreputationfor:因而享有声誉】关键句型二：表示”对……有影响”的句型1.Thegasproductiongreatlyaffectsthecoalandoilproduction.2.Thecoalandoilproductionaregreatlyaffectedbythegasproduction.3.Thegasproductiongreatlyinfluencesthecoalandoilproduction.4・Thegasproductionhasgreatinflueneeonthecoalandoilproduction.关键句型三：表示”促进……增长“的句型（1.Theopeningofnewoil&gasfieldsmadethethreeareasofproductionincreaserapidly.gasfieldsledtoarapidincreaseofthecoal,oilgasfieldscausedarapidincreaseofthecoal,oilgasfieldsresultedinarapidincreaseofthecoal,2.Theopeningofnewoilandgasproduction.3.Theopeningofnewoilandgasproduction.4.Theopeningofnewoiloilandgasproduction.gasfieldsbroughtaboutarapidincreaseofthe5.Theopeningofnewoilcoal,oilandgasproduction,[bringabout:使发生；引起；致使】关键句型一：表示”起重要作用”的句型\n1.TheInternetisgreatlyaffectingourdailyI讦e.2.TheInternetisveryimportanttousnowadays.3.TheInternethasabigimpactonourdailylife・4.TheInternetischangingthewayweliveourlives.5.TheInternetistransformingthewayweliveourlives.6.TheInternetisplayinganimportantroleinpeople'sdailylife.7.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinpeople'sdailylife.关键句型二：表示”与他人取得联系”的句型1.1willcallyouonceIgetthere・2.1keepintouchwithmyoldfriendsviae-mail.1.PleasewritetoMr.Whitetoaskforsomeadvice・2.Youcanmaketelephonecallstomeifyoumissme.5.1sente-mailtomyfatherwhenhewastravelinginLondon.关键句型三：表示“利用某物做某事"的句型1.Wecanlistentomusicusingourcomputer.2.ManypeoplenowusetheInternetforstudy.3.ManystudentsreaddifferentkindsofarticlesviatheInternet.4.WecantakeadvantageoftheInternettolearnforeignIanguages.5.1canusetheInternettogetinformationaboutthisever-changingworld.1.MakegooduseoftheInternet,you'llfindthatyoucangetalotofbenefitsfromit.Lesson44关键句型一：谈论梦想的句型\n1.goingtobe/becomeateacher.2.Mydreamistobeateacher.3.1dreamofbecomingateacher.1.Mygoalistobecomeateacher.5.1wanttobe/becomeateacherinthefuture.6.1wouldliketobeateacherinthefuture.7.1wishtobe/becomeateacherinthefuture・8.1hopeIwillbecomeateacherinthefuture.1.I'vedecidedtobeateacherinthefuture.2.「vemadeupmymindtobecomeateacherinthefuture.3.determinedtobecomeateacherinthefuture・12.1haveadreamandthatistobecomeateacherinthefuture.关键句型二：表示”浪费时间”的句型1.It'sawasteoftimepersuadinghimtogiveuphisidea.2.Whyareyouwastingyourtimeonthatstuff?3.1thinkwatchingTVisawasteoftime.4.1don'twanttowasteyourtime.2.Noonecanaffordtowastetime.【一定要珍惜一分一秒！最大限度地利用你的零碎时间来练习英语吧！】【李阳老师额外奉献】AnysparemomentcanbeagreatopportunitytoexerciseyourEnglishskill.Oneminuteisenoughtoreadasentence20times・Remember,oneminutecanalsoproducemiracles.Neversaythatyoudon'thaveenoughtimetolearnEnglish!任何零碎时间都是训练英语技能的好机会！一分钟足以将一个句子读20遍。记住：一分钟也可以创造奇迹。永远都不要说你没时间学英语！\n关键句型三：表示,献身于……“的句型1.Iwilldevotemyselftothecauseofeducation.2.1willgiveallmylifetothecauseofeducation.3.1willdedicatemylifetothecauseofeducation.4.1willmakethecauseofeducationmylife'swork.1.IwillworkforthecauseofeducationmywholeI讦e.6.1willworkwithallmyheartandsoulforthecauseofeducation.[heartandsoul:全心全意地】Lesson45关键句型一：表示“构成危害,,的句型1.Pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblemtoallthenationsoftheworld.2.Pollutionhasbecomeagreatrisktoourearth.3.Pollutionisadangertousall.4.Pollutionisathreattomankind.5.Pollutionhasthreatenedourlivesgreatly.6.Pollutionhasbroughtgreattohumanbeings.7.Pollutiontroubles/vexes/irritatesusnoend.关键句型二：表示“采取措施”的句型1.Somethingmustbedonetotackletheproblem.2.We'vegottodosomethingaboutpollutionrightaway.3.Wemusttakeactionnowtocontrolpollution.4.Wehavetotakeeffectivemeasurestosolvethisproblem.5.Weshouldadoptsomemeasurestofightagainstpollution.6.It'stimetotakestepstocontroltheincreasinglyseriouspollution.\nLesson46关键句型一：表示“成立；建立“的句型1.TheChildren'sCenterwassetupin1994.2.TheChildren'sCenteropenedwasbuiltin1994.3.TheChildren'sCenteropenedtenyearsago.4.TheChildren'sCenterwasfoundedtenyearsago.关键句型二：表示”接待参观者“的句型1.TheChildren'sCenterhashad10millionguestssinceitopenedadecadeago.2.TheChildren'sCenterhasreceivedover10millionvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.3.10millionvisitorsfromalloverthecountryhavevisitedtheChildren*sCentersinceitopenedtenyearsago.4.10millionvisitorsfromalloverthecountryhavepaidavisittotheChildrenfsCentersinceitopenedtenyearsago.关键句型三：表示”挤满了•…啲句型1.Thechildrencrowdthepark'sfacilities,[facilitiesn.(pl・)设备】2.Theparkisfullofchildrenonweekends.3.Agreatnumberofchildrengatherattheparkeveryweekend.4.ThechildrenthrongtheparkonSunday.【throngv.群集】5・Childrenfilltheparktocapacityonweekends・1.Theparkisjam-packedwithchildrenonSunday.关键句型四：表示”洋溢着••・••.“的句型1.Thechildrenfilltheparkwiththeirlaughter.2.Theparkisalwaysfullofchildren'slaughter.3.Theparkresonateswiththelaughterofchildren.\n1.Theparkisalwaysfilledwithchildren*slaughter.2.Allacrosstheparkyoucanhearthesoundofchildren'slaughter.3.Theparkisturnedintoaseaofchildren'slaughtereveryweekend.Lesson47关键句型一：表示演讲主题的句型1.WeareallheretodaytoholdafarewellpartyforMr.Green.2.WearegatheredheretodaytosaygoodbyetoMr.Green,ourbestteacher.3.ThereasonwhyweareheretodayistogiveourbestwishestoMr.Greenwhowillleaveussoonforhismotherland.4.1amveryhonoredtobehereonbehalfofallofyoutosendourbestwishestoMr.Greenwhowillleaveussoonforhismotherland.关键句型二：表示“爱戴“的句型1.Allthestudentsloveandrespecthimverymuch.2.Mr.Greenwassuchagoodteacherthathewasrespectedbyallofus.3.Weallhavetheutmostrespectforhimbecausehe'ssuchagreatteacher.4.Allofusholdhiminhighregard,forhe'sanexcellentteacher.5.Weholdhiminhighesteem,forhe'sanexcellentteacher・[esteemn.尊敬;尊重】关键句型三：表达谢意的句型（1.Wewillexpressourgratitudetohim・2.Wewouldliketoextendourgratitudetohim.3.Wordscan'ttellhowmuchhisteachingmeanttous.4.I'dliketosayHthankyou"tohimonbehalfofallthestudents.\n关键句型四：表达祝福的句型1.Mayeverysuccessgowithhim.1.Haveahappyjourneyandgoodluck!2.Wewishhimthebestineverythinghedoes!3.Wewishhimapleasantjourneyandgoodhealth.4.WehopeeverythinggoeswellwithhiminallofhisdaysLesson48关键句型一：表示“巾请职位“的句型1.1wanttoapplyforapostinyourcompany.2.1wouldliketoworkforyouasasalesassistant.1.Tmreallyinterestedinthepostyouadvertisedintoday'snewspaper.4.lookingforajoblikethatkindyouo幵er.Couldyoupleasegivemeachanee?5.1heardthatyouwerelookingforasalesassistant.Doyoustillhavethatvacancy?[vacancyn.空缺；空职】6.1wishthatIcouldbesofortunatetohavetheopportunitytoworkinyourcompanyasasalesassistant.关键句型二：表示教育背景的句型1.1havegotthehighschooldiploma.2.1majoredinaccountinginuniversity.3.1havebeenlearningEnglishfor8years.4.1begantostudyinthishighschoolin2001.5.1graduatedfromBeijingUniversityin2002・关键句型三：表达期望的句型\n1.1awaityourresponse.1.waitingforyourreply.2.Hopetohearfromyousoon.4.1ameagerlyanticipatingyourreply.5.lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.1.Tmexpectingtogetyourreplyinthenottoodistantfuture.7.1wouldappreciateyourpromptreply.1.Anearlyreplywillbeappreciated.Lesson49关键句型：表示”击败某人“的句型1.TheItalianteambeatGermanythreetoone.2.TheItalianteamdefeatedGermanythreetoone.3.TheItalianteamwonthegameagainstGermanteambyascoreofthreetoone.4.TheItaliansdominatedtheGermansthreetoone.5.ThefinalscorewasthreetooneintheItalians"favor.[inone'sfavor:对某人有利】6.TheItalianteamtriumphedoverGermanythreetoone.7.TheItalianswallopedtheGermans,withthefinalscorethreetoone.Lesson50关键句型一：描述天气的句型1.Theweatherisverygood/lovely/terrible/toobad.2.Theweatherisneithertoohotnortoocold.3.Ifssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy.\n1.There'snotacloudinthesky.2.There'snotacloudinthesky.3.There'splentyofsunshinetoday.4.It'shot/warm/cool/cold/chilly.关键句型二：表示“忙着做某事“的句型1.Somefarmerswerebusypickingtheapplesfromthetrees.2.Somefarmersweretiedupwithworkinthefield.3.Somefarmerswereabsorbedintheirapplepicking.4.Somefarmerswerebusywithworkinthefield.5.Somefarmerswereoccupiedwithworkinthefield.关键句型三：赞美风景的句型1.Itwasextremelybeautiful!2.Thescenewassocharming!3.Whatabeaut讦ulsceneitwas!4.Howbeautifultheseenewas!5.1haveneverbeentosuchalovelyplace!6.Itwasreallyawonderfulplace!7.Itwasapicturesquescene!8.Theseenewasasbeaut讦ulasapainting!下面我们就提供一些关键词语，希望对同学们今后的写作有所帮助。请同学们疯狂朗读、反复狂读，争取把它们都烂熟于心！这样，写作文时就能得心应手！一、表示递进关系的关键词语Additionally加之；又\nequallyimportant同样重要的是furthermoreinadditioninotherwordslastbutnotleastmoreoverthatissayalthoughatthesametimedespiteevenifeventhoughhoweverinspiteofinsteadneverthelessonthecontraryotherwiseregardlessofstillthoughwhileyet此外;而且另外换句话说最后但同样重要的是而且；此外即；就是；换句话说二、表示转折关系的关键词语虽然；尽管同时；但是不管；尽管；不论即使即使然而；可是不管代替；而不是然而；不过正相反另外；不同地不管；不顾依然；仍然虽然；可是然而；但是；仍\n三、表示选择关系的关键词语either…or………或……insteadof…,而不是neither...nor...……和・・・・・・都不・・・・•・not…but…不是……而是……ratherthan…宁可；胜过whether...ornot是否四、表示比较关系的关键词语comparewith/to与……比较equally；相等地；平等地incomparisonwith与……比较incontrast相反；人不相同incontrastto和......对比inthesameway同样地instead代替；改为onthecontrary正和反while而五、表示因果关系的关键词语accordingly因此；从而asaresultof作为结果because(of)因为consequently从而；因此dueto由于；应归于hence因此；从此\nnowthat因为；既然onaccountof由于owingto由于；因……的缘故so所以sothat所以thanksto由于therefore因此；所以thus因此六、用于表示总结的关键词语aboveall最重要的是accordingly于是asaconsequenee因此asaresult结果ashasbeennoted如前所述as1havesaid如我所述atlast最后briefly简单扼要地bydoingso如此certainly当然地；无疑地consequently因此eventually最后hence因此inthat由于；因为；既然inaword\ninbrief简言zinconclusion总；最后inshort简而言之insummary简要地说insum总之；简而言之obviously显然onthewhole总体来说;整个看来toconelude总而言ztospeakfrankly坦口地说tosumup总而言之tosummarize总而言之初中英语词组总结50个1（see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat（感官动词）+doeg:llikewatchingmonkeysjump2（比较级and比较级）表示越来越怎么样3apieceofcake=easy容易4agreewithsb赞成某人5allkindsof各种各样akindof一样6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界7alongwith同道，伴随eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们—起种树8Assoonas―怎么样就怎么样\n3asyoucansee你是知道的4askfor求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg:askyouformybook5asksbforsth向某人什么6asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事7attheageof在岁时eg：IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen8atthebeginningof的起初;的开始9attheendof+地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday10atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候11be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest12be+doing表：1现在进行时2将来时13beableto（+v原）二can（+v原）能够eg:SheisabletosingShecansing14beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing15beafraidtodo（ofsth怕eg:I'mafraedtogooutatnightafraidofdog16beallowedtodo被允许做什么eg:「mallowedtowatchTV我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我应该被允许看电视17beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Don'tbeangrywithme18beangrywith（at）sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气19beas…原级・・・as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高20beashamedto21beawayfrom远离22beawayfrom从离开\n3bebadfor对什么不好eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好4beborn出生于5bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于6becareful当心;小心7bedifferentfrom和什么不一样8befamousfor以著名9befriendlytosb对某人友好10befrom=comefrom来口eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?11befullof装满的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater12beglad+to+do/从句13begoingto+v(原)将来时14begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于15begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish16behappytodo很高兴做某事17behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处18beingoodhealth身体健康19beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble20beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣21belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到\n3belike像eg:likemymother4bemadat生某人的气5bemadefrom由制成（制成以后看不见原材料）英语常见的几种特殊替代用法替代词，就是在日常学习中所用的代词或量词。针对学生们常见的一•些练习和考题，总结了一下儿种特殊替代用法：it在句屮作形式主语或形式宾语的替代用法1.it作形式主语可以代替句中的动词不定式、动词・ing分词或一个句子。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell,（it替代不定式tolearnEnglish）ItisnousemakingsuchanapologytousChinese.（It替代动词-ing分词makingsuchanapology）Itishappyforherparentsthatsheiswellnow.（it替代句子thatsheiswellnow）2・it作形式宾语可以代替句中的动词不定式，此时句中的谓语事由某些特殊动词（如：findthinkfeel等）充当的。Ifinditimpossibletofinishsomuchworkinsuchashorttime,（it替代不定式tofinishsomuchwork）thatthis在句中的替代用法1>thatA:Kmgoingtowearmynewjeanstoherparty.B:Youcan"tdothat,（that替代towearmynewjeanstoherparty这一事情）2.thisthis在介绍某人或某物时，指的是靠近自己的一方。A:Hi,Mr.Smith,Thisismyfriend,Bill.B:Nicetomeetyou,Bill.C:Nicetomeetyou,Mr.Smith.This在电话用语屮指的是自己。\nA:Hello,mayIspeaktoMissLi?B:ThisisMissLispeaking.（我就是李女士）which^that、who>whom在定语从句中的替代用法1.which在句中放指物的先行词后或整个句子后，引导限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句。ShesaidIwaslazy,whichisn'ttrue.（which替代句子ShesaidIwaslazy）Thisisthepenwhichwasboughtbymyfather,（which替代的是thepen）2.that在句屮放先行词后，引导限定性定语从句。既可指物，也可指人。Thebookthatsheborrowedfromthelibrarywaslost.（that替代的是Thebook）Themanthatwithakn讦einhishandisamurderer,（that替彳弋的是Theman）Thepantsaretoosmallforme,Canyoushowmeanotherpair?（因为another后面只能跟单数可数名词,故而这里用pair代替，意为apairofpants）如果没有another时,贝9可用ones替代。Theredpantsaretoosmallforme.Canyoushowmetheblueones.（此处ones替代的是pants）同样，当遇上不可数名词时，也要用和应的一些量词来代替one的概念，或用相应的量词复数来代替ones的概念。Thepaperistoosmallforthelittlegirltopainton,pleasegiveheranotherpiece.（因为有apieceofpaper）rmsohungrythatthissliceofchickenisn'tenough.Couldyougiveme3moreslices?（代替的是3moreslicesofchicken.）更多例句（请注意下面两句的细微斧别）1）A:Look!Therearemanybottlesofmilkonthedesk.B:Yes,andwhichonedoyoulikebest?（此处用one的原因是A句中已经出现bottlesofmilk,所以可以代替onebottleofmilk）2）A:Thereismuchmilkonthedesk.\nB:Yes,butwhichbottlebagdoyoulikebest?（此处A句中心词为milk,因为milk前面不能用one来直接修饰，而只能用bottle或bag来代表数量，可以说abottleofmilkabagofmilk）某些名词所有格也可以作替代词如：1）A:WhereisJeanie?B:Oh,sheisatMary*s.（这里的Mary"s代替的是Mary'shouse）2）YesterdayTom1sfatherwasill,nowheisatthedoctor*s.（这里的doctor's代替的是doctor"sroom或doctor"sclinic）倒装I•要点按”主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序，如果变为”谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语“，就是倒装语序。1＞全部倒装（1）therebe句型Thereisgoingtobeameeting.Thereisabookonthetable.（2）here,there,now,then,in,out等副词置于句首时,主谓倒装,但如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不倒装，女口，Herecomesthebus.Herehecomes・⑶直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，有时也用倒装，女U,"Whathesaidmeantnothing1',saidtheteacher.⑷为保持句子平衡，强调表语或状语，使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装，如，Infrontofthehousesatasmallboy.2、部分倒装(1)so,neither,nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时,如,\nIlikeswimming,sodoesmybrother・(1)only+状语放在句首,如,Onlythroughthismethodcanwewin.Onlyinthiswaycanwedotheworkwell.(2)含有否定意义的词置于句首,如，Hardly,scarcely,not,seldom,nosooner,never,little,atnotime,innoway,nomore等，如,NeverhadIheardthat.LittledidIknowaboutthis.⑷以often,so+形容词或副词开头的句子，如，Soheavyistheboxthathecannotcarryit⑸用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had,were,should提前，如,WereIyou,Iwouldn'tdothat.Hadhecome,wewouldhavewon.⑹用于某些表示祝愿的句屮，如，Mayyoubehappyforever.定语从句用法一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后血。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时乂作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句Z间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。\n四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue•我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用丁•指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket"立于”〈车站W寸近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who,whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that,which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这木英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句屮动词的后面。例如：\nThecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。(2)关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或木身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自彳亍车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that,而不用which.例如IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?IE在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f・主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(3)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that,those时，用which,而不用that.例如：What'sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which,而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which,而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。\n五、关系副词的用法(l)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。(3)why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。