初中英语总复习-Vocabulary 29页

Vocabulary一、名词:（一）名词的数1、可数名词1）可数名词的的复数形式名词特征变化规则发咅例词一般单词词尾+S清辅音后:[s]cups,desks,gates,元音与浊辅音后:[z]hens,bags,days以s,sh,ch,x结尾词尾+es[⑵classes,watches,boxes以0结尾词尾+CS[Z]tomatoes,heroes,potatoes新发明的事物,词尾+Sphotos,radios,zoos,pianos以辅音+y结尾变y为i加es[闵stories,babies,cities以元音+y结尾词尾+S⑵boys,keys,days以f或fe结尾变f或fe为v+es[vz]leaves,knives,lives例外：roofs,proofs,2）、有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，如:变化例词元音发生变化man一men,woman一women,foot一feet,tooth一teeth,mouse一mice词尾发牛变化child—children单复数同形sheep一sheep,fish一fish,Chinese一Chinese,Japanese-Japanese由man或woman构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数woman-teacher—women-teachers,man-doctor一men-doctors以is结尾的外來词，变is为esbasis-bases,crisis-crises,emphasis-emphases,3）、常以复数形式出现的名词:people（人），clothes（衣服）,trousers（裤子），glasses（眼镜）,4）看似复数实际是单数的名词。如：news（消息）,maths（数学）,physics（物理）。2、不可数名词不可数名词通常是无法分为个体或不能表示具体数量的物质名词（water,coffee,time,money,bread,work）和表示触摸不到的性质、动作、感情等抽象概念的抽象名词（kindness）。1）、不可数名词作主语时常看成单数。2）>常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等來修饰不可数名词。3）、既可作可数名词乂可作不可数名词，意义不同。experience经验（不可数）；经历（可数）fishi鱼肉（不可数）；仇（可数）glass玻璃（不可数）玻璃杯（可数）（二）名词的所有格名词的所冇格表示名词的所有关系，意思为“…的名词所有格的构成方法是：1、在名词后加“'s''。如：Lily's。2、复数名词直接加如:Teachers'Day,twoweeks'holiday,例外：Children'sDay«3、名词所有格可以用来表示地点。女（I：myuncle/s我叔叔家。4、无牛-命东西的名词所有格一般以"of+名词”的结构來表示。如：theendoftheyear,the\ncolouroftheflower二、代词:代词是为了避免垂复而起代替作用的词。英语代词可分为八人类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、和连接代词八种。（）人称代词、物主代词和反身代词列表人称代词主格IyouhesheItwetheyyou宾格meyouhimheritusthemyou物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheiryour名词性mineyourshishersitsourstheirsyours反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesthemselvesyourselves（二）、few,afew,little,alittle的用法:词、含义语气修饰或代替的名词few很少几个否定可数名词复数afew有几个.11-.八,冃疋可数名词复数little很少，不多否定不可数名词alittle有一点冃疋不可数名词（三）、常见不宏/e舔勺一般用法：1、由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，如果有形容词修饰，该形容词必须后置。Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.这收咅机没有毛病。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要事情告诉你。2、both/all/noneall的意思是“全体所有代表三个以上的人或物;both指'俩者都”;none“没有一个”,表示有范围的三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of。3、every/eachevery+单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语，形式上为单数。each“每一个”强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。4、both/either/neitherboth“（两者）都''，后跟名词复数。either“两者中任何一个”，后跟笫三人称单数或名词单数。neither"（两者）都不"，用法同either05、another/theother/theothers/othersanother+单数名词，“另一个"one...theother一个另一个"theother+复数名词=theothers"其他的人或物”（指确定范用内剩下的全部）others“别人”（四）菇方泥删勺一般用法：扌旨示代词有this,that,these,those,such,same等。1、This,that,thesethose的用法:\nThis（these）指在时间或空间上较近的事物,these是this的复数形式；that（those）同理。2、such和same的用法：such表示“这样"。总为“同样的”，same前必须加定冠词the。1haveneverseensuchagoodplace.我从未见过这么好的地方。Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetold.我从未听过他讲的那样的故事。Wcarcinthesamefactory.我们在同一家工厂。F11dothesameasyou.我将与你做同样的事情。（五）疑问ze洵的基木用法：指5个“wh”,：who（谁）,whose（谁的）,whom（谁）,what（什么）,which哪个）1、who在句中通常用作主语和表语，whom只作宾语。Who可代替whom。Whoisthegirlinred?那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁？Whoin/Whoareyouwaitingfor?你们在等谁？Withwhomdidtheyplaybasketball?他们和谁一起打篮球？Ifeellonely.ldon'tknowwho/whomtotalkto.我很孤单。不知道和谁谈话。2、which常表示在一定范围之内的选择,what则没有这种限制,如：Whichdoyouprefer,orangejuiceorcoke?橘汁和可乐，你喜欢哪个？Whatdoyouliketodoinyoursparetime?你在业余吋间都做什么？三、冠词：冠词常位于名词Z前，光九不定冠词（a,an）与冠词（the）两种。不定冠词主用于单数可数名词前，泛指“一个”或“一类。”而定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词Z前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。（一）不定冠词用法：1、a用于以辅音“音素”开头的单数可数名词前。2、月份、星期及morning,afternoon,evening,night,day等名词前有修饰词时,一律用a。onarainydayHediedinacoldFebruary.他死于寒冷的二月。3^an常用于元咅发咅开头的词前。anapple,anhour,anhonestboy,anEnglish注意：ausefuldictionary4、用在序数词前，表示"又一”，“再一”。Ihave（hreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.5、用在某些固定词组中:alot（of）,afterawhile,afew,alittle,atatime,haveaswim,haveacold,inahurry,foralongtime,haveagoodtime,havealook（二）定冠词用法：1、用來指特定的、独一无二的名词或专有名词：Thesunroseatsixo'clock.theGreatWall,theUnitedStates2、用于再次提及的名词或说话者双方都知道的人或事物前。Thereisacowunderthetree.Thecowisyellow.树卜有一头牛，牛是黄色的。Thisisthebookyouwanted.这就是你要的那本书。3、用于序数词前、形容词最高级、方位名词前othefirst,thebest,inthesouth4、在复数姓氏前加lhe,表示xx—家人，常看成复数。TheBrowns布朗一家人5、用在乐器、海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、国家名称前。playsthepiano/violinthePacific/US（三）零冠词用法1.棋类，球类运动，一FI三餐名词前不加冠词。playchessplayfootballhavesupper\n1.季节，刀份，星期，节假LI名词前不加冠词。InJuly,insummer,onMonday,onTeachers,Day\n1.人名，地名，国家名询不加冠词。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.5.复数名词表示类別时不加冠词。Theyareworkers6.名词前己有代词时不加冠词。mybook（正）；mythebook（i^）（四）用与不用冠词的差界举例inhospital住院2.学科，语言，称呼，语职务名词前不加冠词。Mathishardtolearn.Ilikeeatingapples.thispeoplesomepeopleinfrontof在…（外部的）前而attable进餐bysea乘船gotoschool上学nextyear明年ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家inthehospital在医院里inthefrontof在…（内部的）前面atthetable在桌子旁bythesea在海边gototheschool到学校去thenextyear第二年ateacherandawriter〜位教师和…位作家（两个人）四、形容词和副词:a）用法1•形容词修饰名词（形容词后紧跟名），形容词作定语。agoodteacherourEnglishteacherWhatfineweather!Hownicethephoneis!suchagoodteachersomanybooks2.连系动词+形容词构成系表结构。（be/feel/touch/sound/look/smell/taste...+adj.）-HowisMr.Liang?-Heiswell.Thiskindofclothsellswell,anditfeelsverygood・3.make/find/keep/get+宾语+adj.（形容词作宾语补足语）。注意：形容词放在所修饰的不定代诃（something,anything,everything,nothing）Z后。WefindlearningEnglishinteresting.=WefinditinterestingtolearnEnglish・Iwillmakeitpossibletosucceed.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyeyes・4•副词修饰动词、形容词和副词做状语。Boysandgirlshavemanydifferences,sotheydothingsdifferently・HespeaksEnglishaswellasnativespeakers.Theboyisn'toldenoughtodresshimself.b）等级1•变化规则：1）规则变化（一加e去y变化，双写字母不用怕。）三元音的单词前直接加more和most。long-longer-longestlate-later-latestearly-earlier-earliestbig—bigger—biggestbeautiful-・morebeautiful--mostbeautiful2）不规则变化good/well…better-一bestlittle■一less-一least2.形容词和副词的原级many/much一-more一-mostbad/badly一-worse■一worstfar—-farther•一farthest/far-一further■一furthest标志词quite>very^ratherso>too、prettyreallyfairly...as...as.・・、notas/so...as...Idon9tthinkmathisasinterestingasEnglish.=1thinkmathislessinterestingthanEnglish.=1thinkEnglishismoreinterestingthanmath.MaryisthesameageasGina.=MaryisasoldasGina.\n3.形容词和副词的比较级1）标志词:than、much^alot>alittle、abit^far>evenSamhaslongerhairthanTom.=Sam^hairislongerthanTom's.（than接比较级对象，比较对象要一，致。）=Tom，shairisnotaslongasSanVs・TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinHefei.ThepopulationofSichuanismuchlargerthanthatofGansu.2）比较两件事物的多少时，用“more…than”来表示“比更多”,用ufewer/less•••than來表示“比……更少”。Ihavemore/lessmoneythanyou.3）Whoistaller,SamorTom?Ofthetwoboys,Tomisthetallerone.4）Tomistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass・Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.（theother+nJ-数名词复数二anyother+nJ*数名词单数）ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.X（anycountryinAsia屮包括china本身）ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.V（other把China木身给除开了。）5）比较级+比较级或Moreandmore4-adj.“越来越”；The+比较级,the+比较级.越……越……。Thetreeisbecomingbiggerandbigger.OurschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulThemorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.6）倍数+as…asMyroomistwice/fourtimesasbigasthanTonfsIamtwoyearsolderthansheis.4.形容词和副词的最高级标志词:the^of^in1）Tomisthetallestinhisclass・2）Tomisthetallestofthethreeboys・（in、of表范围，当比较双方是同一类别时，用介词of,反之用in。最高级前用定冠词（he。）3）TheYellowRiveristhesecondbiggestriverinChina.4）Tomisoneofthemostpopularstudentsinourschool.（oneof+the+adj.M高级+n.复数。oneof+可数名词复数做主语，谓语用单数。）五、介词介词是表示句子结构屮诃与词或句子成分Z间关系的一种熄词。介词不能单独充当句子成分，但可以与名词、代词或其他词类、短语或从句组成介词短语。（一）表示时间和F1期的介词at表示某一吋刻或吋间上的某-一点\non表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晩上；in表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；at表示具体的时刻。atseveno'clockathalfpasttwoon主要川于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，还用于具有某种特征的一天。onMondayonAugust8th,2008onthenightofNationalDayonarainyeveningin用于世纪、年、季节、月inthe21stcentury/in2010/inspring/inJanuary固定川法inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheeveningatnoon/atnight/atmidnight（二）表示方位的介词on意为“在……的上面”;over意为“在……（垂直）的正上方”;above意为“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；below意为"在（不一定垂直）的下方”；under意为“在……（垂直的）正下方”；over意为“在（垂直的、不接触的）正上方”neai•意为“在……附近”；nextto意为"紧挨着5,；by意为“在……旁边”：round/around意为"在周围"；behind表示“在的后面”;infrontof表示"在的前面”,注意与inthefrontof的区别。介词意义例句on在……上Hisbookisonthedesk.under在下Thefootballisunderthechair.in在……里Thereisapencilcaseintheschoolbag・infrontof在……前Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse・behind在……后Heisstandingbehindme.beside在……旁边1Tomissittingbesidethewindow.（三）表示延续时间的介词by+时间点，意为“在……Z前；不迟于……"；fo叶吋间段，意为"历吋……之久；持续……”；since+时间点,意为"自从以来;自以后”；in+时间段，意为“在......以后；在……时间内"，用于将来时；after4-时间段，意为“在一段时间Z后”，用于过去时；during+时间段,表示“在……期间”;umil用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词。如:他已经当老师9年了。Hehasbeenateachernineyears.我已经在这儿住了10年了。Ihavelivedheretenyearsago.他十分钟Z后将会回來。Hewillbebacktenminutes.我们三个刀后完成了工作。Wefinishedtheworkthreemonths.\n直到五月，我们才会看到一些花。Wedon^seeanyHowersMay.你必须得在这里站到太阳落卜去为止。Youmuststandherethesunsets.我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。Imustbeatschooleighttomorrowmorning・你能在五分钟之内干完这些丁作吗？Canyoufinishyourworkfiveminutes?我直到十点才关灯睡觉、Ididn'tgotobedteno'clock.（四）表示方式的介词by+交通工具，意为“乘坐”；on/in+限定词+交通工具，意为“乘坐……”；onfoot为固定短语，意为“步行”。如：海：byship/boat/sea陆：bybus/car/train/bike/taxi空：byair/plane/spaceshipHegoestoworkonthebike/horse./Hegoestoworkinhiscar.他骑自行车/马/开车去上班。（五）表示运动方向的介词across意为“从……表面穿过”，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through意为"从内部穿过"，past和by表示“从旁边经过或路过”。女口：Pleasebecarefulwhenyougothestreet.Look!Themosquitoistryingtoflythewindow.Weoftengoatunnelonourwaytoschool.（六）不用介词的情况today,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语前;含有last,this,that,these,those,next,every,one,some,all等词的时间状语前;here,there,home,back等副词前。如：Wemeeteverydaythere.我们每犬在此会面。（七）其他介词及辨析1）.about关于；大约；周围；附近Thereareaboutfifteentreesinthepicture.大约有十五棵树在图片里。2）.for为…；因为…；至于…Heworksforthiscompany.他为这家公司工作。3）.from从…，来自…；因为...Whereareyoufrom?你是哪里人？Hediedfromanaccident.他死于一场事故。4）.of…的;属于…ThisisamapofChina.这是一张中国地图5）.在与方位名词east,west,south,north连用时，in表示“在内部”，to表示“在外部”,on强调“接壤”。HunanliesonthesouthofHubei.湖南在湖北的南面。TaiwanliesintheeastofChina.台湾在中国的东部。ChinaliestothewestofAmerica.111国在美国的西部。6）.表示"在上"吋，on和in有不同。在树上：inthetree用于指树上的鸟、人等onthetree用于指生长在树上的叶了、果实等在报纸上：inthenewsp叩er用于指报纸上的内容\nonthenewspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等7）.表“用”时，“wi（h+工具、手段”，“by+交通工具（单数）”，“in+语言、嗓音”。Asamiddleschoolstudent,don'twritewithapencil.Healwaysgoestoschoolbybus.HetoldussomethinginterestinginJapanese.8）.bemadeof+从成品上看得出原材料bemadefrom+从成品上看不出原材料ThiskindofclothismadeofsilkanditismadeinChina.Thiswineismadefromgrapes.ThismachineismadebyUncleWang.9）.beusedfordoingsth.（=beusedtodosth.）意为"被用来做”。beusedby意为"被使用”beusedas意为“被用作"，介词as表示"作为”beusedtodoingsth.意为"习惯于做”，to是介词。Thestampisusedforsendingletters.Englishiswidelyusedbytravellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.Englishisusedasthesecondlanguageinmanycountries・Iamusedtogettingupearlyeverymorning.六、连词（一）并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的并列连词有and,but,or,for,so,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor,notonly...butalso…等。1.表示平行或对等关系and和both...and...两者都neithe「..nor...既不也不notonly...but（also）...不但而Fl.when就在这吋，突然Holdontoyourdream,andonedayitmayjustcometrue.YesterdayeveningIwasplayingthepianowhenthedoorbellrang.2.表示转折关系but但是yet然而while然而while常用来表示前后鲜明的对比It'sabeautifulplace,butthereweretoomanypeoplethere.3.表示选择关系or或者；否则orelse否则not...but…不是而是either...or...或者或者，不是就是WhenyouarelearningEnglish,useit,oryouwillloseit.\nTheshoesdon'tfitme.They'reeitherbigorsmall.（在并列的否定句中,用or代替and构成完全否定。）1.表示因果推理关系for因为，它引导的从句只能位于句尾，前面用逗号隔开。（二）从属连词1.引导名词性从句的主要有that（无词义,可省略），if和whether,whether可与ornot连用,它们在句中不作成分，在ask,wonder,notknow,wanttoknow,notbesure等后常用whether或if从句，而不用that从句。Theforeigneraskedmeif/whetherIcouldspeakEnglish.2.引导时间状语从句的主要有when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,assoonas等。Iarrivedattheairportaftertheplanehadtakenoff.3.引导原因状语从句的主要because,since,as等。Moreandmorekidsbecomeunhappybecausetheyhavetoomanyactivitiestodo.4.引导条件状语从句的主要有if,unless,once等。从句小总是川一般现在时表将來。Thesportsmeetingwillcontinueunlessitrainsthisafternoon.5.引导目的状语从句的主要有sothat,inorderthat等。6.引导让步状语从句的主要有evenif,eventhough,although等。but和although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中。although比though正式。Thestoryishardtounderstandthoughtherearenonewwordsinit.7.引导地点状语从句的主要有where等。8.引导比较状语从句的主要有than,as等,在as(so)...as中，后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。Doyouthinkthatartisasinterestingasmusic?9.引导方式状语从句的主要有as,asif,asthough等。10.引导结果状语从句的主要有so,sothat,so...that...,such...that...等。Themountainwassosteepthatfewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatfewofuscananswerit.(三)易混连词辨析1.when,while,as三者均可译为“在……时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句屮，动词只能是延续性的，一•般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。Hewasridingtoschoolwhenhewashitbyacarthismorning.You'dbetterturnoffthewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.Shesangasshewalked.她一边走一边唱歌。2.so...that...,such...that...so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句；so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句；such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从彳】J；such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句。\nHangzhouissobeautifulacitythatlotsofvisitorscomehereeveryyear.Sheissuchagoodgirlthatwealllikeher.Therearesomanystudentsontheplayground.七、数词(一)基数词变序数词口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上・th；一、二、三,特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third)；八去t,九去e,ve要用f替(eighth,ninth,fifth,twelfth)；ty加前要改tic(fortieth,twentieth)；若是碰到几十几，前用基数后用序；用时加the莫忘记！(注意，如果有my,your,mysister's等修饰，就不需加the,如Myfourteenthbirthday,mybrother*sthirdterm)（_.）hundred,thousand,million表示"具体数目"及"不确定数目”的用法。如Itwohundredpeople,hundredsofpeopleo（三）分数、小数的表示法：分母用基数词，分子用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数；小数点读作point；百分数由percent表示女口1/5读作,3/5读作,603.09读作sixhundredandthreepointohnine,3.14%读作（四）时刻的表示法:1.顺读法。从左读到右，如&30读作eightthirty,9:05读作;2.逆读法。从分钟读到时钟，如8:3（）读作pas（（过）,1:58读作to（差）,]0:45读作aquarter3.“整点”用“基数词+（可省略）”，如在7：00读成（五）LI期和年代的表示法：表示“某年某月某日”，如在1996年3月5日可表示为March5,1996读作—March（the）,nineteenninety-six；在1850年5月可表示为May,1850；在1961年可表示为ninctccnsixty-one或nineteenhundredandsixty-onc；在90年代口J表示为nineteenninetieso（A）inone^sthirties表示“在某人三十多岁时”，在“他二十多岁时”可表示为(七)倍数的表示法：①一倍用once,两倍用twice,三倍或三倍以上用数+timcs②是几借倍数：as+adj+as倍数+the+n.+as我的房子是你的三倍大。Myhouseisthreetimesasbigasyours.=Myhouseisthreetimesthesizeofyours.③多几倍：倍数+比较级+thanMyhairistwicelongerthanyours.(八)表示长，宽,高，面积用基数词+单位in](meter,foot,inch,kilogram)+形容(long,wide,high)两米长」\n五米深/(七)约数的表示法1."多于"用morethan或overThisroomcanholdmorethan(=over)500people.这间屋子能容纳500多人。2."少于”用lessthanTherearelessthanthirtyballsinthebasket.篮子里不到三十个球。3."大约"用about,around,nearly等Theboxweightsabout50pounds.这个箱子重约50磅。4."左右”用orsoInthepasttenyearsorso,theyhavechangedalot.在过去十年左右的时间里，他们改变了许多。5."或以上”用ormoreThemusichallcanhold7000peopleormore.音乐厅能容纳7000人或7000人以上。6.“或以卜f用orlessThehousecanhold50peopleorless.这座房了口J容纳50人或50人以下。八、动词（一）实义动词实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。1•及物动词Vt及物动词就是后面必须接宾语意义才完整的动词。如love,need,want,ask,have,help,teach,make等。如：Mygrandfatherboughtmeanicetoy.我的祖父给我买了一个漂亮的玩具。2.不及物动词vi①不及物动词木身意义完整,其后不必跟宾语。如come,go,run,travel,listen,swim,work等。如：Heworkshard.他工作很努力。②如果需要带宾语，则不及物动词需要与适当的介词连用。多构成动词短语辨析，请参见后面讲解。如：Thebabyissmilingatus.小孩正对着我们笑呢。Pleaselookattheblackboard.请看黑板。（二）系动词系动词有一定意义，要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。按意义分为以F三类：1.表示状态变化的系动词,如:become,get,go,grow,turn等,都意为“变得，变成”。其后常跟形容词作表语。女n：Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.她比三年前漂亮多了。2.表示感官的系动词,如：look,feel,smell,sound,taste等。其后常跟形容词作表语。如:Thefoodinthatrestaurantlooksdelicious,butittastesbad.那家餐馆的食物看起來不错，但尝起来很难吃。3.表示持续的系动词,如：keep,stay,remain等,意为"保持”。Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.他开会吋总是保持沉默。（三）情态动词a）情态动词基本用法:\n情态动词必须和实义动词一起构成谓语动词，木身有一定的意义。表示说话人的语气和悄态。情态动词后接动词原形。初中学过的情态动词有can,could,may,must,need,shall,should,will,would,haveto等。1.can/could表示能力（等于beableto）或客观町能性；还町以表示请求或允许；川在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中还可以表示惊界、怀疑、不相信的态度。Can/CouldI...?表示请求对方许可（用could比用can语气更加委婉和客气，但答语必须用can）；Can/Couldyou...?用来表示说话人征求对方意见（用could比用can语气更加委婉和客气）。2.may表示许可或允许，意为“可以”。MayI...?表示征求对方许可，否定回答一般用mustn't或can'to3.must意为“必须、应当”，表示义务、命令或必要；在回答must引出的问句时，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don?thaveto,表示"没有必要”。4.need作情态动词吋，多用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“需要”或“必要”（need用于肯定句吋,常作实义动词，有人称和数的变化）。5.shall表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。6.should意为“应该”，表示义务、责任，可用于各种句式。7.will用于疑问句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求或建议；还可以用來表示做某事的意志、意愿、决心或打算。8.would表示过去的习惯性动作，有“总是、常常”的意思；还可表意愿、拒绝、请求等。9.haveto意为“不得不”，强调客观需要，能用于多种时态；而must强调说话者的主观看法，没有时态变化。b）情态动词表示推测：情态动词表示推测是其重要用法之一。可用来表示推测的情态动词主要有must,can/could,may/might等。肯定推测：must,can/could,may/might都可以表示肯定推测。must表示把握性极强的推测，意为“肯定、一定”；can/could和may/might表示把握性不大的推测，意为“也许、口J能”。否定推测：can't意为“不可能”，表示很有把握的否定推测；maynot意为“可能不”，表示把握性不太人的否定推测。（四）助动词\n助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。主要的助动词有be,do,have,shall,will等。am,is,are加现在分词现在进行时was,were加现在分词过去进行时be加过去分词被动语态do形式冇do,docs,did,donco用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave,has加过去分词现在完成吋had加过去分词过去完成时have加been加现在分词现在完成进行时will,shallwill,shall加动词原形一，般将来吋woukl/should+动词原形过去将来时。注意：will,would,shall,should除了表示单纯的将来时以外，更多的是用作情态动词。（五）动词短语辨析1）同一动词加不同介词，女II：takeup占据,从事；takedown记下,耿F；takeoff起飞，脱下（衣服）；takeaway拿走；等。lookat看;lookout当心；lookafter照顾:lookfor寻找；lookthrough浏览；lookup查找;lookinto调查；lookback回顾；lookout当心:lookforwardto盼望;lookupto尊敬；lookdownupon轻视，看不起；等。putup悬挂，张贴;putaway收起来，放好；putoff推迟；puton穿上;putdown放下，记下：等。turnon打开；turndown关小,拒绝；turnup调大,出现；turnoff关掉;turnto向求助；turnou（结果是；等。getup起床；geton±车；进展；相处；getin进入；陷入；getthrough通过；getoff下车；getaway离开；脱身;getalongwith进展；相处;等。breakdown破坏；毁掉;breakup打碎；拆散；breakout爆发;breakin（into）打断；破门而入；等。2）同一介词加不同动词，如：bringup抚育，培养;callup召唤,打电话给；comeup走进,上来；cutup切碎;fixup修理;giveup放弃;goup上升,增长;growup长大;lookup尊敬，向上看,查寻；makeup虚构，弥补，组成；putup举起，搭建；pickup捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到，偶然习得;setup建立，创（纪录）；sendup发射；showup揭賂霽面；Uimup出现，把音量调高一点儿；takeup占据，开始从事；等。catchupwith赶上；keepupwith不落在某人或某事后而；comeupwith想出，提出answerfor负责；providefor供养；callfor提们，要求；planfor打算，为计划；hopefor希望，期待；askfor请求，寻找，需要；sendfor派人去请；gofor•努力获取；payfor偿还，赔偿；waitfor等待；lookfor寻找；等。tryon试穿，试验；puton穿上，上演；haveon穿着，戴着；holdon别挂断，坚持；carryon继续开展；keepon继续；goon继续；geton±（车、船）；comeon赶快等。comeover来；handover移交；goover仔细检查，复习；getover克服，恢lookover检查:thinkover仔细考虑:takeover接收，接管；turnover翻转；等。workout岀；lookout当心，小心：turnout结果，证明是；putout扑灭；comeout岀來，出版，发行；tryout实验，考findout找Hhbreakout（战争、火灾）爆发；setout着手，出发，起程；cutout切掉；keepout把什么挡在外血‘；goout出去，熄灭；wearout®光，用旧，穿破，使贫乏；runout用完；giveout放出，发出（气体、气味、光、热等）；耗尽,\n用完；筋疲力尽；发表，公布；等。takeaway拿走；putaway收好；getaway离开;giveaway分发；泄露runaway逃跑；throwaway扔掉;passaway去世;stayawayfrom远离；dieaway逐渐消失；等。giveoff放出；letoff放（烟火）；cutoff切断；payoff还清；putoff延期；showoff炫耀takeoff拿下，脱下；起飞；tumoff关掉（电视，收音机等）；getoff下车；等。take/put/writedown写下,记下:turndown（音量）调低，关小;falldown跌倒；cutdown削减；砍倒；等。slowdown慢卜來；calmdown冷静卜■來；lookdownupon瞧不起；letsomebodydown讣某人失望；等。goover复习;检査;getover克服；thinkover仔细考虑;comeoverii来；等。3）不同动词加不同介词runaway跑走；passaway去世；comeback回來；comedown下來；comein进來；givein屈服;godownF去;gooff（铃）响；setoff动身;moveon向前移动;walkon彳主前走;breakout爆发；comeout出来、出版；cryout叫喊；dieout灭绝；goout出去；lookout当心；comeup上来;getup起床；growup长大;stayup熬夜；takeplace发生;等。（六）动诃不定式用法如下：1.作主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.2•作表语Mywishistobecomeatcachc匚3•作宾语Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.4•作宾语补足语Hetoldmetobehereontime.5•作定语Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.6•作状语Hestoppedtohavealook.否定形式:not+to+动词原形构成例如:Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.7•动词不定式为疑问词连用：例如：（I）Hedoesn'tknowhowtousethemachine・（不定式作宾语）（2）Howtousethemachineisaquestion.（不定式作主语）（3）Thequestioniswhentogothere.（不定式作表语）（4）Ihavesomeproblemswiththistask,butIdon'tknowwhototalkto•（不定式作宾语）&省to的动词不定式使役动词let,have,make；感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补;其他如wouldrather,hadbetter9.不定式的特殊句型：too・・・to…：太…而不能…Heistooexcitedtospeak.enoughto：足以做•••Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.whynot：为什么不（表达建议）Whynottakeaholiday?=Whydon9tyoutakeaholiday?soas（not）todo:表示目"勺Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.（七）动词的-ing形式：1.动词的-ing形式用作动名词：\n动名词作主语Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动动名词作表语Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。动名词作宾语Shecan^helpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：,finish,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,lookforwardto,payattentionto,gct/bcusedto,enjoy,finish,bebusy,advise,suggest等。1.动词的・ing形式用作现在分词：・ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,例如：TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。（八）动词的过去式和过去分词过去式用于一般过去式和虚拟语气，过去分词用于完成吋和被动语态。（九）常见不规则动词变化cast…cast…castcost-一cost一-costcut——cut——cuthit——hithithurt…hurt…hurtlet——letletput——put——putset-…setsetbroadcast…broadcast…broadcastburst—burst…burstshed…shed…shedspread■一spread…spreadread—read—read（发音有所变化,/ri:d/—/red/—/red/o）keep…kept——keptsleep—slept…sleptfeel…felt…feltsmell…smelt…smeltflee-…fled-…fledfeed-■一fedfedmeet-■一metmet\nshoot——shot-■一shotsend…sent——sentbuild…built——builtgrow™grew™growndraw…drew—drawnfind——found…foundbegin…began…begunspring…sprang…sprungleadled-■一ledlend—lent——lentknow…knew—knownfly—flew■一flownwind…wound—woundsing——sangsungdrinkdrank——drunkplead—-pled■一pledspend——spent…spentthrow■一threw-一thrownshow…showed…shownring——rangrungswim—swam——swummean■一meant--meantshrink-——shrank/shi*unk-——shrunklearn--learnt/learned—learnt/learneddream■一dreamt■一dreamtburnburntburntdealdealtdealthear——heard——heardbuy——bought——boughtteach-…taughttaughtarise-■一arosearisenthink——thought——thoughtbring——brought——broughtcatch-…caught-…caughtriseroserisenfight——foughtfoughtseek——soughtsoughtrideroderiddenwrite-—wrote-■一writtendrive——drovedrivenstrive——strovestrivenhide——hidhiddenbite——bitbittengivegave——givenslideslid--一slid。breakbroke——brokenfreeze——frozefrozenspeak——spoke…spokenchoose-一chose-■一chosenstealstolestolenwake—woke-■一wokenawake——awoke™awokenleave-——leftleftpay-—paid—-paidlay—laid—laidsay——said——saidmay-一might——mightwin——wonwonhang——hung-■一hungshine——shone—shonedig——dug……dughold-——held——heldstick——stuck™stucksitsatsatshake——shook——shakenmake——made——madetake——tooktakenmistake——mistook——mistakenwear——wore——wornbear-——bore-——borntear——toretornsell—-sold-——soldtelltold-■一toldstand-■一stood—一stoodunderstand——understood——understoodmisunderstand——misunderstood——misunderstoodcome——came——comebecome—became一-becomeovercome——overcame——overcomego・■一went——gonebeat——beat——beatenget--一got-—gotten/gotforget-■一forgot-—forgottenundergo…-underwentundergonedo——diddoneoverdo-—overdid—overdonelielay——lainrun——ran——runstrikestruckstruck巩固练习一、选择填空（名词）1.DoesMr.BrownlikeChinese.A.foodB.foodsC.anyfoodD.somefood2.Thereadictionaryandtwonotebooksonthedesk・\nA.isB.are1.Theoldmanhastwo•A.son-in-lawB.sons-in-law2.Weshouldkeepclean.A.toothesB・toothsC.hasC・son-in-lawsC・ourtooths3.Lucyhasbeentomanytimesthisyear・A.hisuncleB.hisunclesC.uncle's4.didn'tvisitthefarm.A.OneoftheboyB.OneoftheboysC.Oneofboy5.Nonewsoodnews.A.isB.seemsC.are6.Thisistable.A.histeacherB.histeacher'sC.histeachers7.Afterclimbing2hours,wehadrest.A.afewminute^B.fewminutesC・afewminutes9D.haveD.sons-in-lawsD.ourteethD.heruncle'sD.OneofboysD.hasD・histeacherofD.fewminutesA.boxB.aboxC.boxesD.theboxes二、用适当的代词填空1.Myfatherdidnotwantofthetwoshirtsandaskedtobeshown2.-isTomlike?・Oh，he9sshortandfat.3.Herparentsareworkers・Herclassmatesarefrompeasants5families.4.Mothertoldtheboys/4Pleasehelptosomefruit."5.Lucydancesbetterthanirlintheschool.Jimjumpshigherthanboysinhisclass・6.Helentmeafewbooks,butofthemiseasyenoughforme.Helentmeafewbooks,andofthemareeasyenoughforme.7.Ourclassroomisbiggerthan(they).8.1triedseveraljacketson,butofthemlookedgood・9.1don5twanttoreadthisbook.Thereisinterestinginit.10.ofmyparentshavecometomyschoolfortheparents9meeting・三、用适当的冠词填空（不填用“厂表示）1.byrtrain・2.HuangheRiver3.forwhile4.gooutforwalk5.atfootof6.halfhour7.Mr.Smithcameherejustnow&Thereisoldmaninthevillage・Oldmanisseventy.9.earthturnsroundsun.10.Weoftenhavelunchathome.11.1wishyouhappylife.12.harderyoustudy,betteryougetthemarks.13.manwithbookinhishandisournewclassteacher.14.Itwasrainingagain!Whatday!15.WhoisgoingtotakeplaceofMr.Smithnextterm?8.Thesearemy\n16.ThomasEdisonwasoneofgreatestinventorsonworld.17.Manisonlyanimalthatcantalk・18.Isthishouseolderofthetwo?19.1liveinnortheastofChina.20.Therearesixtyminutesinhour・21.honestboyisJim,friendofmine.22.Childrenusuallygotoschoolatageofseven.23.Hereisusefulbooktoread.24.Wouldyoulikericeorbreadforyourbreakfast?25・poorarealwayshappierthanrich・26.Theyhavesonanddaughter.sonisadoctoranddaughterisateacher.27.Hewatchedthestudentfromheadtofoot-28.Whatinterestingbookitis!29cloudsoverseawerelovelyyesterday.3().Thereislittlemilkinthefridge,Fllgoandbuysome.四、选择填空(名词、冠词)()1.Ittakesushourormoretogotomyhometownbytrain.A.an;aB.a;anC・an;/D・a;/()2.-Inwhichclassisboyinwhite?一He'sinClass4.A.theB.anC.anD./)3・一Bytheway,haveyougot一Ohyes,it'srggrcn@hotmail・com.A.theB.an)4.Haveyouseensuchbig?A.atomatoB.tomatoE-mailaddress?C.aD./C・tomatoesD.tomatos()5.Severalaretalkingunderthetree・Andtheirareswimminginthelake.A.woman;childrenB・woman;childC.women;childrenD.women;child()6.-Whatwouldyoulike,Madam?-Fdlike,please.B.twobottlesoforangesD.twobottleoforangeC.teethD.teethsA.twobottlesoforanseC・twobottleoforanges()7.Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.tooths()&一WhichofShanghaidoyoucomefrom?-Letmeshowyouonthemap.A.cityB.villageC・countryD.part()9.“Whatdoyoulikebest?"“Football."A.foodB.subjectC・sportD.music()10.Aboutfilmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival.D.twohundredsA.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC・twohundred()11.ThisisanoldphotoofminewhenI.A.haveshorthairsB.hadshorthairsC・haveshorthairD.hadshorthair\nwestpartofourcountry)12・Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinnextyear.()18.Becauseoftheunhealthydiet,manypeopleinAfricadieatterribleillnesses.A.theB./C.a()19・-Howsoonshallwcstartthebicycletrip?一A.Infiveday'stimeB.Infivedays'timeC.InfivedaystimeD.Forfivedays()20.1don'tthinkmenandwomenareequalincountrysideatpresent.A.theB./C.a()21.There'sumbrellabehindthedoo匚A.theB./C.a()22.wenttoJapanyesterday.A.TheWhite'sB.TheWhitesC.TheWhite()23.JohnSmithworksinbighospitalinHangzhou.A.theB./C.a()24.Look,fivearefeedingonthehill.A.sheepsB.sheepC・thesheeps()25・Severalyearslater,JohrfsauntmadeA.theB.oneD.anD.anD.anearlyagefromD.TheWhitefamilyD.anD.thesheepsecondtriptoChina.C・aD.anA.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/()13・Canyouseesunintheday-time?A.aB.theC.anD./()14.Thesingerusuallysingswhileplayingguitar.A.aB.anC.theD./()15.1\egotinformationforallthecomputersnow.A.aB.anC.theD./()16.Itwouldbewasteofmoneytobuvsuchasmalldictionary.A.aB.anC.theD./()17.goodnewswc'rcgot!A.WhataB.HowaC.WhatD.How)26.-Youneedn'twaitforTomanylonger.HemustbehavingsupperatA.theTelTsB.theTells'C.theTellsD.Tells)27.Thistreehasgreenthroughouttheyear.A.leafB.leafsC・1eaveD.1eaves)28.Attheageofeight,Maryjoinedagroupof.D.children'sdancersA.childrendancersB.childdancersC.childdancer)29.-Mary,it'sgoingtorain.Bettertakeraincoatwithyou.-Well,butIcan'tfindraincoatIputyesterday.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the)3().Inwesterncountries,arethrownawayeachday.A.mountainsofrubbishB.mountainsofrubbishesC.alotofrubbishD.alotofrubbishes五、用more*••than,fewer.・than,less・・・than,like，thesameas和differentfrom填空。DearDaniel,MynameisKitty.Iamingrade8inNo.lsecondaryschoolinXishan.MyhometownisBeijing・Itisasmall\ntowninKunming・IaminKunmingnow,andIamusingmyuncle^scomputertowritethise-mailtoyou.Ionlyhavefivelessonseveryday,soIhavelessonsyou・Ihave1.5hoursforlunch.AlthoughIhavetimeforlunchyou,Iamnothappy.Ihopemylifeisyours・Iwanttogotoabiggerschoolandreadmorebooks.MyteacherstellmethatIamothersbutIdonotfeelthatway.Ihavetohelpmyparentsinthefields,soIhavetimestudyingchildreninthecities.ThereforeIspendtimeplayingyou,butIamveryhappybecauseIhavechancetogetclosetonatureyou.IwishIcouldjoinanafter-schoolclubyou.IwishIcouldtalktoabigbrotherorsisterinaHelpingHandsClubthenewstudentsinyourschool.Icantchecke-mailsbecauseIdorfthaveacomputerbackhome・Pleasewritealettertomeandsendittomyschool.Writesoon.BestwishesYoursLiuXiang六、用所给词的正确形式填空2)Todayismuch(warm)thanyesterday.3)Whichbookis(interesting),thisoneorthatone?4)Kateis(good)thanmeatEnglish・5)Whois(tall)boyinyourclass?6)Mikeruns(fast)ofallthestudents・7)Ihave(much)moneythanyou.8)Mybrotherisnotas(strong)asme.9)Whichfilmis(interesting),thisoneorthatone?10)IthinkEnglishisoneof(important)subjectsinmiddleschool.11)LiLeidoesn'tstudyas(care)ashissister.12)Annisalittle(young)thanJoan,butsheismuch.(tall)13)TheChangjiangRiverisvery.Itsthethirdriverintheworld,(long)14)TheYellowRiveristhesecond(long)riverinChina.15)ZhaoLeiisoneof(young)boysinhisschool.六、介词填空I用at,on,in填空。1.fiveo^clock2.aquarterpastseven3.February11lh4.ahotsummerafternoon5.winter6.themorningofChildren'sDay/June1st7.night8.theeveninsII用in,by,on填空。1.Theyoftengotoschoolfoot.2.Doesheusuallygohomebike?3.Docsheusuallygohomehisbike?4.ShewenttoQingdaoshiplastweek.5.Sheoftencomestoschoolherfather'scar.HI选择填空。\n-Thankyouthebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDforCanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish?AbyBinCwithDfromLookthemapChinathewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,on-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-HeanivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConWcwontherelayrace.AndtherewasabigsmileAoffBnearConThetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.AtoBinCwith・Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-1see・I'llcomeAinDat,of,onDtoourteacher'sface.DbetweenaboutLet'shurry,AtoSaturdayevening.BatCon_school.ctwodays.CorwellbelateBatTheywillhaveamathstest_AforBatMybrotherjoinedthearmyA1989,MarchBinMarch,1989CHecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem_AwithoutBunderGrannytookonelookAbyBWehadourbreakfastA/,toBIlearnFrenchAonBwithinCforatusherglasses.throughConaquarter_in,toC.theradioeveryday.inCline.It'sgoodmannerstowaitAinBonHowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntAbytheendofBattheendofThemanagerwasverysatisfiedAinJohnhitJackAontheIwasbornBon_face・BintheMarchJ989D_yourhelp・Dseven.at,tofromatforforafter1989,inMarchwithinon,toatClastterm?CtotheendofDhiswork・CaboutDwithtilltheendofwithConhisthenightSeptember15,1978.Ain,onBat,onCat,inIt'sabadmannertolaughpeoplewhentheyare_Aover,inBat,inCin,atDinhison,oftrouble.at,for\nAunderBforCwithoutDon'tshouttheoldwoman.YoushouldbemoreAto,atBat,toWemustbestrictourselvesAwith,inBin,withHewenttothefootballmatchAtoBwithoutClunchCThepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfoundedAwithBonCMrBlackgottoHangzhouAinBafterDpoliteCin,foreverything.with,toDlastSundaybehindD1949.fromher.Dfrom,forto,ofbetweensinceafewdays・Conin-HastheteachergivenyouanyadviceAfromYoumaydependAon,amyjoy,AWithyourEnglishstudy?inat-Yes,hehas.BwithConDhimHeishonestman.Bin,anCIcananswerthisquestion.BToCByDon,anForat,thethewordinthedictionary,upDafterTheteacheraskedthestudentstolookAforBatC用适当的的介词、副词填空，不填用“/”ManypeopleUKliketake-awayfood・ManypeopleUKvisitedtheGreatWalllastweek.Jacksitsbehindme,he'snowrunningme.AnotherbridgewillbebuilttheChangjiangRiverthismonth.Thedoorwaslocked,soIwentintoitawindow.Takecarewhilewalkingthestreet・People18and65arcallowedtohaveadriver'slicenseinthatcountry.Neckisheadandbody.allthestudentsourclass,Tomwritesbest.It\oftenrainythistimeyear.ModernsoccerwasfirstplayedinEnglandhistory.Agold-fishiseasytolook・There'sanewpenforyoutowrite.Wherereyougoing?Whichcityareyougoing?DoyouknowthemanwhoJacktalkedjustnow?TheyarrivedTuesday.TheyarrivedTuesdaymorning・Whenhearrived,wehadleft.HewasbornMay.Hewasborn1997.HewasbomMay,1997.Hewasbomacoldwinterafternoon・Jackoftengetsschool7amthemorning・\n25.Earlyonemorning,theysetoff.26.anearlymorning,theysetoff.27.Whatdidyoudoyourlastdayoff?2&WhatdidyoudolastWendesday?29.It，spoliteustowaitinline・3().It5snecessaryustolearnEnglishwell.31-HemadeiteasierustostudyEnglishteachingwell.32.Theyarecomingbacktwodays.33.Theycamebacktwodays.34.Theywillbebacktwodays.35・They，vebeenbacktwodaysago.36.Lucydidn'tgotosleep12o'clocklastnight.37.TheaccidenthappenedtheafternoonJuly2.38.TheaccidenthappenedJuly2・39.TheaccidenthappenedJuly2,2010.40.CanyoutellthestoryEnglish?41.Ioftengotoworkfoot,butthismorningIwentbike.42.HowwillyougotoShanghai,trainoraplane?43.Helearnsthenewwordsmakingvocabularylists.44.adictionary,wecanlearnwordsbetter.45.Whatisthedressmade?46.IlikethingsmadeChina.47.What'sthatused?48.TaiwanisthesoutheastofChina・49.JapanistheeastofChina・5().ShanghaiistheChangjiangRiver.八、选择填空(连词)1.Moneyisveryimportantit'snotthemostimportantthing.A.orB・andC.soD.but2.Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,atlastshesucceeded・A.soB.orC.butD.and3.——MayIgototheconcertwithyou?——I'mafraidnotyouhaveaticket,becauseIhaveonlyone.A.sinceB・ifC.unlessD.though4.—DidyoucallSaraback?—Ididn'tneedto,wellhaveameetingtogethertonight.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.if5.Scientistssayitmaybeafewyearsitispossibletotestthenewmedicineonpatients.A.becauseB・afterC・beforeD.since6.scientistshavedonealotofresearchonA(HlNl)flu,therearestillsomecasesforfurtherstudy.A.AsB.OnceC.IfD.Although7・Bobpromisestojoininthefootballmatchhehastohelphisparentsonthefarm.A•讦B・asC・unlessD.when8.Peterlikesreadinganewspaperheishavingbreakfast.\nA.untilB.while9・Jenny,putonyourcoatA.butB・and10.Tomakeourdreamscometrue,achievethem.A.orB•andD・thoughyouwillcatchacold.C・orD.sowearesupposedtosetgoalsC.becausethentryourbesttoC.11.AtouristwilleasilylosehiswayinBeijingA.ifB-becauseC.butunlessD.forhehasamaporaguide.D.when12.WellvisitExpo2010ShanghaithisSundayA.sinceB•讦C・unlessitrainsorit'sveryhot.D.until13.TheteacherspeaksveryloudlyA•sothatB•becauseallthestudentscanhearher.C.sinceD.when14.Bobisyoung,A.becauseheknowsalot.B.soC.butD.unless15.—Whatdoyouthinkofthisskirt?一It'sbeautifulanditfitsmewell,.A.sinceB.soC.butD.whileIlikeitverymuch.16.1don'thavetointroducehimtoyouA.untilB.unless—youknowtheboy.C.sinceD・but17.Jane,pleaseturnoffthelights_A.afterB・beforeyouleavetheclassroom.C.untilDebut18.Stopsmoking,A.andyouwillgetbettersoon.B.orC.butD.after19.一Whydidn'tBettycometoschoolyesterday?A.ButB.ThoughC.Ifitfsdifficulttomakeherdreamcometrue,shenevergivesup.A.ThoughB.Unless21.Youhavetoleavenowshewasill.D-Because20.C.BecauseD.IfA.sothatB•assoonasyoucancatchtheearlybus・C-becauseD.if22.Usually,wedon'tknowhowimportantsomethingisA.orB.untilC.assoonasweloseit.D.when23.一Studyhard,youwon'tpasstheexam・一Isee,Mum.A.orB.andC・butD.before24.Shehadastomachachesheatesomethingbad・A.soB>becauseC.orD・although25.1needonemorestudenttohelpme.PleaseaskLucyLilytocome.A・neither;norB.notonly;butalsoC.both;andD・either;or26-1can'tbelievealittlegirlcanwritemanybooks.A.so;soB.such;suchC.so;suchD・such;so27.—1heardthatLindamovedtoLondonandfoundanewjobthere.一Yes.Sheworksthereshecanseeherparentsmoreoften.A・untilB.assoonasC・sothatD・when2&—IwouldgowithhimIwerehere.一Youmeanyouwouldgowithhimnomatterheagreesornot?A.if;ifB.if;whetherC.whether;ifD-whether;whether\n29.Helpotherswheneveryoucan,you'llmaketheworldanicerplace.A.andB・orC・unlessD.but30.hamburgersarejunkfood,manychildrenlikethem.A.IfB-UnlessC.BecauseD.Although九、选择填空(数词)1.Pleaseturntopageandlookatthesentence・A.twenty;firstB.twcntith;firstC.twentieth;one2.100studentsinourschoolarefromcountryside.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsof1.JackieChanhasdonateddollarstocharity.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsof2.Morethanstudentstookpartinactivitieslastyear.A.twothirdB.twothirdsC.secondthirdsB.firstC.oneB.thefifteenthC.fifteenthB.theeighthC.eight3.Springistheseasonoftheyear.A.last4.Todayismybirthday.A.fifteen5.Helivesonfloorofatallbuilding.A.eighth6.IfIhadtwo,Iwouldgiveittomedicalresearch・A.milliondollarsB-millionsdollarC.millionsdollars7.Hebecameareporterinthecityinhis・A.thirtyB.thirtiesC.thirtiethl()・Amy，shairistwometresin.A.longB.lengthC.longer十、用括号中动词的适当的形式填空I•Theboyishappybecausehe(sell)outallthenewspapers・2.Theplan(give)upbecauseofrain.3・Ifit(notrain)tomorrow,we(go)fishing・1.Whereyou(be)thesedays?2.WhereisTom?He(go)tothepostoffice・Hesaidhe(come)backsoon.6-Mikesayshe(want)tobeaworkerafterhe(finish)school.1.Thelastbusust(leave)whenthey(get)tothebusstop.8-She(notgo)tobeduntilshe(finish)herwork.8.Light(travel)muchfasterthansound・9.I(feel)muchbetterafterI(take)themedicine・II•“Wherewe(meet)?”“Let'smeetoutsidetheparkgate.”12.I(be)afraidMrJohnson(notvisit)outschooltomorrow.13.I(lost)mybike.you(see)itanywhere?14.thiskindofcar(produce)inShanghai?15.We(see)severalmembersofthefamilysincewe(arrive)16.Ifoundthatthestudents(play)footballontheplayground.17-Theshop(close)atthistimeofday.18.Whereyourwatch(lose)?19.thedoctor(send)forlastnight?20.Threechildren(take)goodcarebythenurse・21•Somechildren(take)goodcarebythenurse・22.Somenewhouses(build)bythevillagersthemselves.\n23•Whatlanguage(speak)inAustralia?24.ThecolourTV(buy)inthatshopthreedaysago.25•Hesaidhe(stay)hereforanothertwodays・十一、选择填空(动词)()1.—DidyougotoSam'sweekendparty?—No,I.A.amnotinvitedB・wasn'tinvitedC.haven'tinvitedD.didn'tinvite()2.TheletterinJapanese・Ican，treadit.A.iswritingB.iswrittenC・wroteD.writes()3.——Susan,whyarcyoustillhere?Theyarcallreadytostart.—I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.A.amnottoldB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn'ttold()4.Todaycomputersinbothcitiesandtowns.A.wereusingB.areusedC.wereusedD.areusing()5.Anewsupermarketinmyhometownnextmonth.A.willbuiltB.willbebuiltC.isbuiltD.builds()6.一Alice,youonthephone・——Pmcoming.Thanks・A.wantB.arewantedC.werewantedD.havewanted()7.Personalcomputersin1976・Theyhavechangedthewholeworld.A.havebeeninventedB.areinventedC・wereinventedD.willbeinvented()8.—Yourskirtisniceandlooksdifferentfromothergirls9.——Thanks.Mymotheritlastmonth.A.wasmadeB.hasmadeC・hasbeenmadeD.made()9.1knowshewon"cometojoinusunlesssheto.A.tellsB.willbetoldC-istoldD.wastold()10.Jamesismyfriend.HeJimforshort・A.callsB.iscalledC.calledD.iscalling()11.EnglishinCanada,AustraliaandNewZealandaswellasAmericaandBritain.A.speaksB.isspeakingC.isspokenD・spoke()12.Thewindowtenminutesago,andtheroomisbrightnow.A.cleanedB・iscleanedC.wascleanedD.willclean()13.TodayIcanXgotowork.Mysickmothershould・A.betakengoodcareB.betakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareD.takegoodcareof()14.一Iyourrecorder.Itworksnow.\n一Thankyouverymuch.A.havebeenrepairedB・willrepairC.haverepairedD.wasrepaired()15・We'llhavethreedaysoffiftheworktoday.A.finishesB・canfinishC.wasfinishedD・canbefinished()16.一Howoftenyourschoolsportsmeeting?—Onceayea匚A.were,heldB・are,heldC.was,heldD.is,held()17.ThewatchIlostyesterdayinmydrawe匚A.hasfoundB・foundC.hasbeenfoundD.hadbeenfound()18・MoretreesmustinNorthChinaeveryyeartostopthewind.A.beplantedB・plantC.plantedD.areplanted()19.TraditionalBeijingoperatothemusiccoursesinmiddleschoolinthefuture.A.willaddB.willbeaddedC.addsD.wasadded()20.Inourschool,thebooksfromthelibrarywithintwoweeks・A.returnB.mustreturnC.willreturnD.mustbereturned()21•—ThispicturetoamuseuminNewYorkin2008.——Yes,itcostalot.A.hasbeensoldB.willbesoldC.issoldD・wassold()22.Thechildrennottosmoke・A.aretoldB.toldC.tellD.aretelling()23.Alotoftallbuildingsnearourhousesofa匚A.havebeenbuiltB.arebuiltC.havebuiltD・werebuilt()24.Jimdoesn^thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC・learnedD.learning()25.—Whatwastheresultofthefootballmatch?一Badluck.Ourteam.A.beatB.wonC.wasbeatenD・haswon巩固练习参考答案一、选择填空（名词）1-5AABDD6-10BABCC三、用适当的冠词填空（不填处用“厂表示）1./2.The3.a4.A5.the6.An7.A&an,The9.The,the10./\n11.a12.The,the13.The,a14.A15.the16.the17.thel&The,the19.the20.an21.The,a22./,the23.A24./,/25.The,the26.a,a,The,the27./,/2&an29.The,the30./四、选择填空（冠词）1—5CABCC6—10ACDCC11—15DDBCD16—20ACDBA21—25DBCBC六、选择填空26—30BDBBA（介词）1-5DBDCC6-10CCDCB11-15ABCAA16-20ADBDB21-25CBABD八、选择填空26-30BCCBC（连词）1-5DDCCC6-10DCBCBI1-15CCACB16-20CBADA21-25ABABD九、选择填空26-30DCBAD（数词）6-10CBABB1-5AACBB十、用括号中动词的适当的形式填空1•hassold2・willbegivenup/hasbeengivenup3・doesn'train,willgo4・have,been5.hasgone,wouldcome6.wants,finishes7.had,left,got8.won'tgo,finishes9.travels10.felt,hadtaken11.shall/will,meet12.am,wonJtvisit13•havelost,Haveseen14.is,produced15.Haveseen,arrived16•wereplaying17.isclosed18•was,lost/has,beelost19•was,beensent20.wasinverted21.aretaken22.havebeenbuilt23.isspoken24.wasbought25.wouldstay十一、选择填空（动词）1-5BBDBB6-10BCDCB21-25DAABC11-15CCBCD16-20DCABD