初中英语复习专辑02 60页

十、被动语态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。eg.Weuseaknifeforcutting（主动句）.Aknifeisusedforcutting（被动句）。一、构成：be+过去分词eg.l）Theworkisfinishedbyhim.2）ChineseisspokenbypeopleinChina.二、被动语态的时态1.—般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词eg.EnglishisspokenbyEnglishmen.2.—般过去时：was/were+过去分词eg.ThemachinesweremadeinChina.3.-般将来时:will/shall/begoingtobe+过夫分词eg.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词eg.Theworkhasbeendonebythem.5.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词。eg.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourvillage・6•过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词eg.MyTVsetwasbeingmendedatthattime.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词eg.Hemaybesentawayfromschool.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg.Mybikeneedstobemended・3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by+动作的执行者（宾格）”eg.HewascalledMikebyus4.不及物动词无被动语态（takeplace/happen;last;rise;sink;fall等）eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago（改错）5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式吋，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。eg.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hours・—Theworkersweremadetowork12hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若rtlV+prep/adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby・—Thebabymustbetakencareof.\n练习题（）1.ThisfactoryhasbeenfortwoyearsA.openB.toopenC・openingD.opened（）2.Thelightintheroombeforeyouleave.A・mustturnoffB.willturnoffC.areturnedoffD・mustbeturnedoff\n()3.Theyoungtreesplantedinspring.A.mustB.haveC.mustbeD.mustareB.istaught()4.ChinesebyMissWangthreeyearsago.A.wastaughtC・wasteachedD・wereteach()5.Youngtreesquiteoften.A.shouldwaterB.shouldbewaterC.shouldbewateredD.shouldhavewatered()6.EnglishbymanypeopleintheworldA.speaksB・speakC・arespokenD・isspoken()7.Theoldpeoplewellinourcountiy・A.islookedafterB・arelookedafterC-looksafterD.lookfor()8.Aliceisill.Shetohospitalatonce.A.issentB.mustbesentC・cansendD・mustsend()9.Thefactoryin1958.A.wasbuiltB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.built()10.Ourteachertoldusthattheclassroomeveryday.A.shouldbecleanedB・shouldcleanedC.shallbecleanedD.mustcleaned()1l.Footbcillallovertheworld.A・playsB.isplayingC.hasplayedD・isplayed()12.silkinSuzhou?A.Is,producedB.Are,producedC.Does,produceD・Was,produceC.areD.is()13.Muchmoneyspentonbookseveryyear.A・haveB・has()14.Thestudentswasmadethequestionsbytheteacher.A.answerB.toanswerC.answeringD.answered()15.Thesunwhenwegotthere・A.wasrisenB.hasbeenrisenC.hadrisenD・isrising()16.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasAugusth1927・A.foundinB.foundonC.foundedonD.foundedin()17.Theorangesshouldbewellduringthewinter.A.keepB.keptC・keepingD.tokeep()18.Manyofthesheepbythewolf狼).A.waskilledB.arekilledC.arekillingD・werekilled()19.TaperecordersinourEnglishclassA.shoulduseB.usedC.canbeusedD.areusing\n()20.EnglishinCanada?A.Do,spokenB.Is,spokenC.Are,spokenD.Does,speak()21.Henottoleavewasterpapereverywhere・A.tellsB.toldC.wastoldD.hastold()22.Who"TheFamily”，"Spring"and“Autumn"?A.was,writtenB.were,writtenC.were,writtenbyD・are.Writtenby()23.Lookatthebuilding!Itnow.A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuildingD.hasbuilt()24.Halfoftheworkbeforesix.A.canbedoneB.willdoC・weredone()25.Westampsforsendingletters・A.areusedB・useC.used()26.TheGreatGreenWall(绿色长城)inNorthChina.A.arebuiltB.canbebuildC.wasbuilt()27.thefarmbythestudents?A.was,visitedB.Is，visitC・Must,visit()28.Thewomanbypeopleinthewaitingroom.A.waslaughedB・waslaughedatC.laughedat()29.Whatthere?A.happenedB.ishappenedC.mustbehappened()30.Hewasmadefortwelvehours.A.toworkB.workC.worked十一、状语从句(一)时间状语从句:rflwhen,while,before,after,since,assoonas,till/until引导的从句1)when与whileJwhen+u短命”动词\while-\-a长命”动词eg.l)riltellherthegoodnewshecomesback・2)AuntWangcameinwhilewewerewatchingTV『短命”动词的否定式until-.直到……才2)”长命”动词的肯定式+初川：到……为止3)since:自从以來(since从句常用一般过去时)注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时egJ)HehaslivedtheresincehecametoChina2)Itistwoyearssincehermotherdied.(二)条件状语从句：由if(如果)引导的从句eg.Iwillgototheparkifit(notrain)tomorrow.\n注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换1)祈使句，and(then,or)+简单句=Ifyou…，you...eg.l)Useyourhead,thenyoif11findaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youTlfindaway2)Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudonlhurry,youTlbelate.2)without与条件句的转化eg.Mancan^tlivewithoutwater;=Mancarflliveifthereisnowater.注意以上两种状语从句的时态主句时间、条件句1）一般将来时2）祈使句3）情态动词原形一般现在吋一般过去时一般过去时但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。eg」)IT1callyouassoonashe(come)back.2)Hewon'tgotobeduntilhe(finish)hishomework.3)F11helpyouifI(be)freetomorrow4)1(live)heresinceIcametoChina.(一)原因状语从句：由because,since,for,as引导的从句eg.Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why2)因为(because),所以(so)不能连用eg.Becausehewas(A)ill,so(B)hedidn，t(C)gotoschool(D)yesterday.(二)结果状语从句：由so...that引导的从句(so后接形、副原级)eg.Heran(A)sofaster(B)thatIcouldn'tcatchupwith(C)him.注意：1)"so...that+否定句”与“too...to”的替换eg.l)Heissoyoungthathecarftgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool(主、从句主语相同)2)Heransofastthatwecouldn'tcatchupwithhim.=Herantoofastforustocatchupwith.(主、从句主语不同)3)Theboxissoheavythat1can^tcarryit=Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)2)“so...that+从句”与“enoughto”的替换eg.l)He'ssostrongthathecancarrythebox.=He'sstrongenoughtocarrythebox.2)ThequestionissoeasythatIcananswerit=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetoanswer()1.Weboughtgrannyapresent,shedidnllikeit.A.butB.andC.when()2.Bequick,you'11belateforthefootballmatch・A.soB.andC.or()3.YoiTvedonebadly,Icanseeyoudidyourbest.A.orB.butC・so\n()4.Thatwasourfirstlesson,shedidn'tknowallournames.A.forB.butC.so()5.Theydidn'tpasstheballoftenenough,theydidn'tplaytogetherverywell.A.andB.yetC.when()6.Itwasrainingatthattime,theycouldn'tgooutforwalk.A.becauseB.orC・so()7.Marycouldrflgotoschool,shewasveryill.A・forB.beforeC・ihough()&Gostraightalongtheroad,you'llfindthehospitalattheendofit.A.sinceB.andC・when()9.Takethismedicine,youwillyetwellsoon.A.andB・butC・so()10.EithersheorIhimattheairport・A.istomeetB.amtomeetC・aretomeet()11・Thetrainhasn'tarrived・A.tooB.alsoC.yet()12.Youwontgothere,willI.A.SoB.NeitherC.Also()13.Youcantakethisbookthatbook,butyoucan'ttakeofthem.A.either,or;allB.either,or;bothC.notonly,butalso;both()14.ThestudentshadnowaterfoodthenA.orB・andC・also()15.Theywereweakcarrytheheavybox.A.neither,norB.both,andC・too,to()16.Thebooksyoursours.A.norB.andC.but()17.Tomsaveshismoney,Johnspendsallhegets.A.whileB.orC.so()1&Excuseme,canyoutellmehowtogettothepark?A.andB.pleaseC.but()19.Heneedstohavearest,hehasworkedforalongtime.A.andB.butC.for()20.Thepolicemanwasbusyholidayswithhisfamily・A.very,tospendB・too,tospendC.so,that()21.NeitherJacknor1tothepark.A.isgoingB.aregoingC・amgoing()22.Hisgrandfatherhasneverbeentoschoolsohecouldreadwrite・A.neither,norB・either,orC.both,and()23.JohmuntilMikesorrytohim.A.lethimin,saidB.didiftlethimin,saidC.didn'tlethimin,says()24.1、msureLiPingisintheclassroominthelibrary・A.either,orB.both，andC.neither，or\n()25.Don,topenthedoorthebus・A.until,stopsB・and,stopsC.until、stop()26.BothhisfatherandhismothertoBeijing・A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hasgone()27・We，llhaveasportsmeetingifitraintomorrow.A.won'tB.isn'tC.don9tD.doesn^t()28.Fllletyouknowassoonashe・A.comesbackB.willcomebackC.iscomingbackD.comeback()29.rmbusygettingreadyforChristmasIhavenotimetowritetoyou.A.not,untilB.too,toC.so,thatD.neithernor()30.ThisTVsetistoodear,itgivesyouabetterpicture・A.orB.讦C.thoughD.and()31.CouldyouaskTomtoringmeupifyouhimtomorrow・A.metB.meetC・willmeetD.havemet()32.WhilesheTVinthesittingroom,thebell.A.watches,ringsB.iswatching,rangC.waswatchingD・watched,wasringing()33.Marywillgoaftersheherhomework.A.shops,finishB.shopping,finishesC.toshop,finishingD.shopping,finish()34.Heislisteningtothemusicheiswashingclothes.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.while()35.TellNk.WangtogotoMr.Litoffice,whenyouhim.A.sawB.willseeC.areseeingD.see()36.Theyuntilthemeetingwasove匚A.leftB.notleaveC.don'tleaveD・didn'tleave()37.Thechildrensatatthetableuntiltheguests・A.leaveB.areleavingC.leftD.hadleft()38.ThefilmforhalfanhourwhenIgottothecinema.A.hasbegunB.hadbeenonC答声定：Goodidea/OK/Let's...L"AllrightWhynot...?J语審定：No,lefs...八肯定：Certainly/Yes,please/另外还可回答为Yes,Ithinkso/Fdloveto否定：No,Idon'tthinkso/Fmafraidnot.rputon强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴幷后接%,wear是puton之后的结果：穿着卜衣服”=beinJ名词\ndresssb:给某人穿衣eg.l)You\lbettermoreclotheswhenyougoout.It'scoldoutside・A.wearB・dressC.putonD・takeoff2)Theboycanhimselfnow.A.wearB.dressC.putonD.takeoff3)Tomiswearingaredshirttoday.A.isonB.isinC・isputtingon△7.在具体的某楼前用oneg.Helivesonthefifteenthfloor.^8.Howdoyoulike...?你觉得怎么样？=Whatdoyouthinkof...?eg.Howdoyoulikethenewfilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthenewfilm?你觉得这部新电影怎么样？9.alittle=abit但注意：l)alittle+名词二abitof+名词)eg.Thereisalittleiabitof)waterintheglass・2)notalittle=verynotabit=notatall1Ofquite:quitea伽)七形+名\very:ay叭+形+名eg.Thisisaveryhitergins:book.=Thisisquitecminter般tin±book.11.inahurry:匆忙地egJ)Heisinahurryallday.2)Shewenttoschoolinahurry.另外:hurryto...=goto...inahurry12.{marrysb=bemarriedtosb.与某人结女昏getmarried=bemarriedLA婚；结婚(但getmarried是"短命"动词,要指"结婚多久"应用bemarried)eg.l)Shemarriedwithadoctor(找错)2)Shehasgotmarriedfortenyears(找错)A13rleavesth+地点：把某物忘在某地[forgetsth:忘记某事eg.l)Hethedriver'slicenseyesterday.2)1myumbrellainthetrainjustnow.△14.感叹句1)What(a,an)4-形+名(+主+谓)！■(注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用a/an)2)How+形/畐9(+主+谓)！\neg.l)badweather!2)hardtheyareworking!3)goodgirlsheis!4)beautifulflowerstheyare!("雨大，雪大"heavy…heavily/hard^15)“风大”strong…strongly"太阳大bright…brightly注意以上词的形、副区别eg.1)Therewasarainyesterday.2)Itblewlastnight・3)Thesunisshining・4)Look!It'sraining.5)Whatawind!”howlong:多长时间(问时间段)A1C.howoften:多久一次(问频率)howsoon=when:何时(问将来时间)eg.l)—doeshegohome?-Onceaweek・2)—wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?—Lessthanaweek.3)—willhecomeback?-Intwodays・^instead'.BO词(句首、句末)[insteadof词短语(后接名动名/代词)eg.1)1didrfIgotothecinema・Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.2)Wewouldliketostayatschoolgoingtothecinematoday・a18.so句型fso+be(助、情)+主语：“也如此”[so+主语+be(助、情)：“的确如此”eg.l)1watchedTVlastnight,andsodidshe.昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。2)1watchTVeveryday,andsodoeshe.我每天看电视，他也如此。3)1canswim,soIcan.我会游泳，真的是这样。注意：表示"也不如此"用neither/noreg.Ididn'twatchTVlastnight,neitherdidshe△19.指路与问路问路1)Excuseme.Couldyoutellme...{howIcangetto・・・•howtogetto...thewayto...\n2)Excuseme.Whichisthewayto...指路1)Godown/up/alongthisroadand・・・go还可替换为walk2)Godown/up/alongtotheend・3)Goonuntilyoureachtheend・2)Takethe・・•turningontheleft・\n=Turnleftatthe...turning.5)Goacrossthebridge宀伙:”生病的”（作表语、定语）刃：“生病的”（只作表语）eg・l)He'ssick/illinhospital.2)Anurse(A)musttake(B)good(C)careofill(D)men.(选错)maybe:a也许是”（作谓语）maybe."也许perhap^状语:eg.l)heisastudent.2)Heastudent.a22.inhospital:在住院inthehopital:在医院inschool:在上学，上课intheschool:在学校类似结构attable:在吃饭atthetable:在桌旁inbed:躺在床上atwq厂：在打仗△23倒达丿厂"zc/什地点./加+大地点后接here.there.arrive小地点getto+地点:hom胡寸省介词但当后不接地点时，只能用arriveeg.1)SheShanghailastnight.A・reachedtoB.gotC.arrivedinD・arrivedat2)Theythereintimeatlast.A.reachedtoB・arrivedC.gottoD・arrivedat1)Fllringyouupassoonashe(到达).alone:\)adj指“形体上的孤单”(只作表语)a2)adv=byoneself"独自地，单独地”eg.l)Sheis24<■lonely:adj指“精神上的孤独，寂寞(作表语、定语)2)Doyoufeelwhenyouare?3)Theoldmanliveinahouse・girl.\ngeton:.上车(train;bus)25Jgetoff:卜车(trainsbus)getinto:上(car\lift)getoutof:T(car;lift)26工作可数名词•rIwork:不可数名词eg.Ihave（A）many（B）worktodo（C）△[muchtoo+形/副："太”27」toomuch+不可数:"太多”eg.l）Hegaveusmoney.2）Sheisyoung・[bring:带来，拿来（靠近说话者）△28.加辰：带走，拿走（远离说话者）CQ〃丁：搬，运，抬（不具方向性）eg.l)Pleaseyourexercisebookheretomorrow.2)Meimeioftenhelpstheoldmanwater.somewhere:某地（用丁•肯定句）butIanywhere-任何地方（否、疑句）eglookedformypeneverywhere:到处；处处（用于肯定句）=hereandtherecouldn'tfindit.■一Don"worry.SoonerorlateryouUlfindit・30.toone^ssurprise使某人吃惊的是类似结构：toone'sjoy使某人高兴的是……eg.Toourgreatsurprise,shecouldswimintheriver.使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。31ragreewith:同意某人(或某人所说的)Iagreeto:同意某事eg.1)Heagreemyplan.2)1agreewhatyousaid.32.beon...team:参加队；是的队员eg.Heisonthecitybasketballteam.他是市篮球队队员。△33.teachsb+科目(当sb是人称代词时应用底格)eg.HeteachesourEnglish(改错)A34.the100-metrerace100米赛跑100-metre作定语，修饰race,注意metre用单数。类似结构：①atwo-thousand-wordletter一封两千字的信②an18-year-oldgirl一位18岁的女孩另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达：100-metrerace=100metres,race\ntwo-monthholiday=twomonths'holiday但当前面有a/an;物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：eg.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim's・A.twomonthsholidayB・Twomonths，holidayC.two-monthholidayD・twomoth\holiday35.problem与questionquestion:指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask,answer连用problem:指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指“难题”。常与solve,workout连用1nWemustfindoutagoodwaytosolvethe・2)Youcananswertheinyourownwords.‘borrow:借进borrow...from从…借.lend:借出lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借给某人keep:保存；借(多久)(与时间段连用)1)Jackmehisbikelastweek.2)Youcanthebookfromme,butyoucanitforonlyoneweek・37.1t's+adj+of/forsbtodosth.当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of.常见的此类形容词有：kind;good;clever;careful;polite;right;wrong.其余情况用for.l)ITsverycleveryoutodothat.2)ITshardmetoworkouttheproblem.A3sfmore:另外的；额外的（放在数量词之后）another:再一（另）（放在数量词之前）1)MayIhavetwoapples?2)MayIborrowonebook?usedto+动原：过去常常做…beusedto+动原：被用于做…be/getusedtosth:习惯于某事1)Heusedtobelateforschool.2)Theknifeisusedtocutthings.3)Heisuesdtohardwork・”other:放在被修饰词之前a40.Jelse:放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不定代词和疑问词1)otlerstudents别的学生2)anybodyelse.其它任何人whatelse.别的什么41.rso+形/副|such+形+名但注意：1)so+形+a/an+单名二sucha/an+形+单名2)so(many/much/few/little)+名3)so...that;such...that如此…以致…①Itwasbadweather.\n①Therearemanypoorinthecountry・②fewanimalseatmuchgrass-③Thiscityisold,yoifdbettervisitit.④It'simportantpartyIcan5tmissit.rhave/hasbeento:曾经去过…]~42.jhave/hasgoneto:已经去了…rhave/hasbeenin:已在…(多久)注意：1)后接地点副词here,there,home吋应省介词2)与时间段连用只用have/hasbeenin①—Where'sTom?—HeBeijing.②IBeijingseveraltimes.③SheChengdufortwoyears.④Hetheretwice.△43.“短命”动词一►“长命”动词buy—have;borrow—keep;die—bedead;leave一beaway(from);comeback一beback;fallasleep—beasleep;open一beopen;catchacold一haveacold;go/getout一beout;arrive(reach/getto/cometo)+地点一bein+地点；join一bein+集体(或be+成员)；turnon一beon;turnoff—beoff;getaletterfrom一havealetterfrom.end/finish一beover;getup一beup;1)Hehas(A)bought(B)thefridge(C)for(D)twoyears.2)Howlong(A)may(B)Iborrow(C)the(D)book?3)Thefilm(A)hasbegun(B)forfiveminutes(C).4)Tomhasgot(A)theletter(B)from(C)Jimfortwodays(D).5)1have(A)caught(B)acoldsincetwoyearsago(C).6)Hehas(A)cometo(B)Beijingfortenyears(C)7)Mybrother(A)hasjoined(B)thearmy(C)for(D)fiveyears.44.rexcept:除…以外(不包括除去的部分)besides:除了…，还有…(包括除去的部分)1)WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.该句意味着：WegotoschoolfromMondaytoSaturday.2)WeallwenttotheparkbesidesLiLei.该句意味着：Wewenttothepark,andLiLeiwent,too.take:Ittakesbsometimetodosth.△45spencKtimdmoneonsth・(in)doingsth主语是人pay(money)forsthbuysthfor+moneycost:sthcostsb+money主语是物\n1)1tenyuanonthebook・2)1tenyuanforthebook.3)Thebookmetenyuan.4)1thebookfortenyuan・5)Itmeanhourtodothemathsproblem“sometime:某时(与将来时连用)46vsometimes:有时(一般现在时sometime:一些吋候(表时■间段)sometimes:几次eg.l)He(go)toBeijingsometimenextweek.2)1(be)toBeijingsometimes・47.betodo:表将来ThereistobeasportsmeetingnextSaturday.»48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚”用"long;wide;high/tall;deep;away;thick.1)MrGreenisnearlytwometres2)Theiceisaboutonemetre.3)Ourclassroomisabouttwelvemetresandeightmetres.49.population：不可数名词。指人口的多少用ularge/big或small”；询问人口的多少用what.1)WhafsthepopulationofGermany?德国的人口是多少？2)Chinahasalargepopulation.屮国人口众多3)Thcpopulalion(A)of(B)Japanisless(C)thanlhal(D)ofIndia.另外注意：表示“有…人口”用haveapopulationof.5().room1）房间（可数名词）2）空间（不可数名词）NowChinahasapopulationofmorethanonebillion.现在中国有十亿多人口。eg.makeroomfor:为…腾出空间51.seem的用法：1)seem+adj=seemtobe+adjHeseemsveryangry=Heseemstobeangry.2)seemtodoItseemstoraintomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。3)Itseems+that从句Itseemsthatyouareright•你似乎是对的。+虚拟语气（即过去时）1)Hetalkedasifheknewallaboutit.他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。2)Heopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.他开口似乎要说什么。\nbeat',V）beatsb（比赛中）打败某人°52.v2）beat+一个集体缸amclass）1）Wethem5to3.w加后接“比赛、奖品等”2）Intheendwethematch.rinterested;excited;suiprised主语是人。指芥△5Q人对…感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇（只作衣语）］interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指%物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇（可作定、表语<1）IFsanfootballgame・2）Fminmusic.〔1）作情态动词，用于否、疑句54.need<2）作实义动词rneedtodo（衣主动）、1needdoing（表被动）1）Youneedn^tgohomenow.2）Thebikeneedsmending.3）1needtogohomenow・A55.ralive:活着的；在世的（常作后置定语）丫living:活着的；没死的（常作前置定语）1）Bothplantsandanimalsarething.2）Noonewillbelieveit.56•否定前移的动词：think,believe,expect、suppose・1）1didn'texpecttheirteamwouldwin.我希望他们的对不会赢。2）1don9tthinkhewillcometomorrow・我认为明天他不会来。lookat:（有意识地）看…57.«see:（lookat之后的结果）看见read:看（书、报等）watch:看（电视、比赛等）另外注意：l）secafilm看电影2）seeadoctor看医生1）1oftennewspaperaftersuppe.2）Hethepicture,andsometreesinit.^58.rlistento:（有意识地）听…hear:（listento后的结果）听见Hewasverysorrytothebadnews.‘lookfor:（强调"找”的动作）寻找°59.vfind:（lookfor之后的结果）找到findout:（经过努力、周折）查出，找出（真相等）Theyaretheirlosthorse.A.findingB.lookingforC.findingout\n60.rhope:（可能实现的）愿望Iwish:（难以实现的）愿望\n另外注意：l)wishtodosth=hopetodosth2)wishsbtodosth()B・hopeC・wantshopesbtodosth(X)()1youtocometoschoolearliernexttime.A.wish/Oenough：放在形、副之后.goodenough60.J②修饰不定代词(something,anything,nothing)的词应后置。［③else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后1)1havesomethinRimportanttotellyou.2)HedidnlrunfastenoughtocatchupwithTom.hadbetter+动原》否定hadbetternot+动原Will/Wouldyouplease+动原?Will/Wouldyoupleasenot+动原？Willyoupleasenottalkinclass?^63./What'stheweatherlike…？［…的天气.=How'stheweather...?丿怎么样？△64.rfind+宾+形：觉得…怎么样］findit+形+todo:觉得做…怎么样.类似用法还有make,think等1)1findthequestion(容易).2)1thinkitimportanttolearnEnglis.~65ranumberof+复名：许多，一些(作主为复)thenumberof:…的数H/号码(作主为三单)Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50.rtoo:句末1用于肯定句a66.1also:句中」“也”either:否定句末“也不”1)1don^tlikereading,shedoesrft,・2)Tomisfourteen.Jimisfourteen.^67.alreadyJust:肯助后'.yet:否、疑末1)1havealreadyhadlunch.2)1haven'thadlunchyet.68.rlive:(长时间的)居住Lstay:(短时间的)居住eg.HelivesinChangsha,buthe'sgoingtohayinShanghaiforafewdays.III、替换练习解题指导:该类题常常以以下几种情况进行考察:\n1.描述释义，也叫概念释义，即用一种情况来对某词进行解释。eg.huge=verybigglass=cupmadeofglassagree=sayyes/havethesameidea2.同义词释义。指用意义相同或相近的词进行替换。eg.nearly=almostperhaps=maybedifficult=hardfast=quickly3.否定释义。即对某些词用相反的意思进行解释。eg.cheap=noexpensivethick=notthindirty=notcleanlow=nothigh/tall4.常识释义。即词义本身属于一种生活常识。eg.century=100yearsAugust=theeighthmonthsummer=theseasonbetweenspringandautumnLondon=thecapitalofEngland常见的词语解释cilmostnearlyalittleabitaroundalloverbelikelooklikebrightcleverbeginstartbesidenexttobeinbeathomebequickhurryupbeoutbeawaycomefrombefromfailnotpasscrossgoacrossharddifficultlastgoonhurrywalkquicklyhardlyalmostnothurryupgoquicklyexpensivedearlookoutbecarefulmusthavetoonaboutovermorethanwearbeinwhywhat...forstopgiveupthankstobecauseofjointakepartinassoonaspossibleassoonassbcanbeweakincatchupwithhaveagoodtimealotofatlastatthemomentbenotatgoodatnotfallbehindenjoyoneselflotsof;many/muchintheend;finallynowholdonjustnowleavereachprefer...to…spend・・•onwaitamomentamomentagogoaway(from)airivein/at;gettolike•…betterthan…pay...fortakealookhavealookwalkongoonwalkinggotosleepgettosleep/fallasleepwalkto…goto...onfoot\ntakeabuscatchabuslookaftertake(good)careofhearfromreceive/getaletterfrombefilledwithbefullofflyto...goto...byairreturn1)comeback2)givebackteachoneselflearn...byoneselfatoncerightnow(现在)/rightaway(立刻)练习选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的一项()1.LiuYingislikehertwinsiste匚A.likesB.lovesC.lookslike()2.Youmustdrinkalotofwatereveryday.A.manyB.muchC.alittle()3.MostoftheteachersinourschoolarefromSouthChina.A.livedinB.getbackfromC・comefromA.lookedafter()4.Shetookcareofhergrandpawhenshewasfree.B.lookedforC.gavemedicineto()5.Areyousureheisabletodotheworkbyhimself.A.mustB.hastoC・can()6.Mum,Pmhungry.CanIhavesomecakes?A.drinkB.eatC.play()7・Jack,pleasecomeandsitbytheteache匚A.beforeB.nearC.past()8.Summeriscoming.Theweatherwillbecomehotterandhotte匚A.catchB.getC.feel()9.Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytotheshop?A.answerB.showC・give()10.Hedidn"bringthebookhere.Hehadtogohometogetit.A.couldB・mayC・must()11.Hello,James.Nicetoseeyou.A.catchB.meetC.watch()12.1don'tunderstandhiswords.A.whathetoldB・whathesaidC.thathetalked()13.Theycameherebyair.A.bybikeB.byplaneC.bybus()14.Gladtoseeyouagain・C.BadA.SorryB.Nice()15.CanIuseyourbike?Mineisnothere.A.lendB.borrowC.get()16.Areyougoingtoswimthisafternoon.A.hasaswimB.haveaswimC・swimming\n()17.Fmnotfreetonight・A.hungryB.lateC.busy()18・Dorftworry.I'llbebackinaminute.A.verysoonB.fastC・quick()19,Summerfollowsspring・A.comesbeforeB・comesafterC・isunder()2O・IT1getanewdictionarysoon.A.takeB.sellC.buy()21・Whendidthestudentsgettothefactoryyesterday?A.cameB・arrivedC・reach()22.Theywerequitepleasedtoseeeachotheragain.A.pleaseB.goodC.glad()23.Themeetingwillbeheldataquartertoeight.A.&15B.7:45C.7:15()24.Thestudentshadagoodtimeinthewinterholiday・A.enjoyedthemselvesB.enjoyedthemC・hadnotime()25.Theshirtisverynice.FIItakeit.A.tryB.buyC.sell()26・Howistheweathertoday?A.What/stheweatherlikeB.WhatwasitlikeC.WhaFstheweatherlookslike()27.Mr.LiwilltakemetotheparkifheisfreenextSunday.A.willbefree・B・hastimeC.hadtime()28.Heprefersapplestooranges・A.likes;thanotherB.likes;betterthanC・doesn'tlike;somuch()29.ShedoesrfIhaveloworryaboutheillness.A.needn'tB.can'tC・mustn^t()30・Hehadtoattendthepartybyhimself.A.aloneB・onlyheC.lonely()3l.Hesaidnothingatthattime.A.makenoiseB・keptsilentC.tookhisseat()32.Therewerestillquiteafewpeopleinthestreetthatevening.A.notmanyB.manyC・much()33・WeTlheldaclassmeetingtomorrow.A.haveB.giveC.put()34.Thegirlwassoweakthatshedidn'tcatchupwithothers.A.fellbehindB.triedtoholdC.ranafter()35・Heprefersapplestooranges・A.likes;thanotherB.likes;asmuchasC.likes;betterthan()36.Thebuildinghasbeenthereforacentury.\nA.ashorttimeB・alongtimeC.ahundredyears・()37.MrSmithflewtoLondonyesterday・A.wenttoLondonbytrainB.wenttoLondonbybusC.wenttoLondonbyplane()38.MikeisweakinChinesebecausehemissedsomanylessons.A.likesB.doeswellinC.isnotgoodat()39.Tomhasn'theardf「omhisparentsforalongtime.A.listenedtoB.writealettertoC.receivedanylettersfrom()40.WewantedtoknowwhenwewouldhaveanEnglishtest.A.wantedtoseeB.gottoknowC.wondered()41.Everybodysaysheisabrightboy.A.braveB.cleverC.tall()42.Maryiswearingareddresstoday・A.onB.inC・puttingon()43・BothmybrotherandIlikethepictureverymuch・A.HeB.WeC.I()44.Thedoctoraskedhimtogiveupsmoking・A.giveinB.stopC・goon()45.LiLeigotupearlylastSundayandJimgotupearly,loo.A.sowasJimB.sodidJimC・Jimdidso根据汉语完成句子方法指导根据汉语完成句子特别注意以下内容：1.宾语从句中的否定前移。2.宾从的吋态、语序以及疑问词4-todo3.被动语态(①省9不定式还原；②动词短语中的介词不能遗漏)4.状语从句中的一般现在时5.完成时(长、短命动词的区别)6・It's+adj+for/ofsbtodosth7.find/think/makeit+adj+todo•&动词不定式(作定语的不定式要求是及物动词或及物动词短语)9.被动语态的一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将來时、现在进行时。10.尽可能考虑短语的固定用法练1.我觉得用英语回答这个问题很容易。IfoundverythequestioninEnglish・\n1.学好英语对我们来说是很重要的。veryimportantstudyEnglishwell.2.在旧社会，他们被迫日夜不停地工作。Theydayandnightintheolddays.3.这个小孩没有球玩，所以他不高兴。Thechildhasnoball、soheis・4.这间屋子对我们來说太小了而不能住。Theroomistoosmallus5.我花了一个半小时的时间来完成家庭作业meoneandahalffinishmyhomework.6.在中国老人受到很好的照顾。OldpeoplegoodinChina.&当我们到达电影院时，电影己经开始半小时了。Thefilmforhalfanhourwhen1thecimema.9.直到公共汽车停下来才能开门。thedoorthebus.10.我认为明天他不会开会。Iheameetingtomorrow・11.汤姆不知道怎么处理这本图书馆藏书。Tomdoesn'tknowthelibrarybook.12.老师问我做这道数学题花了多少时间。Theteacheraskedmehowlongmethemathsproblem・13.昨天我把钥匙忘在了办公室。Imykeyyesterday.14.他不知道下一步怎么办。HedoesiVtknownext.15.格林在访问中国。Mr.GreenisChina.16.这幢楼房己建成十年了。Thebuildingfor10years17.我不知道明天是否去北京。Idon'tknowtoBeijingtomorrow.1&他父亲死了五年了。5yearshisfather.19.今天，在美国仍有许多树在继续被砍伐Today,toomanytreesstilldownintheUSA・20.许多好地和森林一起消失了，留下来的只有沙漠。Alotofgoodlandtheforests,onlysand・21.无论看起来多难的问题，他都能找到答案difficultsomethingseemed,hefindtheanswer.22.既然很多人在生活中都会犯错误，格林先生决定再给吉姆一次机会。alotofpeoplemakemistakes—,Mr.GreendecidedtogiveJimanother\n19.三个国家中Australia的人口最少。\nAustraliapeoplethethreecountries・19.多亏了太空卫星，世界变小了。spacesatellites,theworldamuchsmallplace.20.人们每年都在山上种植各种各样的树。oftreesonthehillseveryyea匚21.王力跑得如此快，以致于我们都赶不上他WangLiranfastwecouldn'twithhim.22.这个问题太难了，我回答不了。ThisquestionwasthatIcouldn't.23.张老师来我家时，我正在做家务活。ImyhouseworkwhenM匚Zhangmyhome.24.这是今天唯一不能忘记的一件事情。ThisisthethingItoday.25.你能告诉我他看起来象谁吗？Couldyoutellme?26.你看明天有可能完成真项工作？Doyouthinkpossiblethistomorrow?27.姚明是世界上最高的篮球运动员之一。YaoMingisoneofthebasketballintheworld・28.嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。Itisnottolaughthedisabledpeople・29.没有空气和水，我们不能生存。Weliveairorwater.35•祝你学习英语顺利。GoodyourEnglish.36.他把大部分的时间花在读小说上。histimeinreadingstories.37.我们跟着老师走进了会议室。Weourteacherthemeeting-room.3&步行到我家大约有20分钟的路程。Myhouseaboutfoot.39.李磊没时间仔细考虑这道题。notimeLiLeiaboutthisproblemcarefully.短文改错题方法指导做短文改错题应注意以下几个步9一、首先通读短文，初步理解短文大意，同时改正一些较容易的错误。短文中的一些句子就其本身来看，无法确定划线部分错在何处，只有通读全文，了解句子与句子之间的关系，特别是划线部分与上下文的关系，才能找出正确答案。如：“Whenhismotherwasout,thetelephonerangandJimmyansweredthem.”一句中，只有读懂句中划线部分指上文中的telephone,才能写出正确答案it。二、在通读短文的基础上，一句一句地仔细阅读短文。（一）从语法分析入手\n1）冠词a;an;the或省冠词（如不可数名词）2）区别可数、不可数。若是可数名词则应注意该单数还是复数（且注意复数的变化形式是否正确。3）形、副区别：①判定该形还是副。②注意形、副的比较等级（且注意变化形式）。4）代词：①区别主格、宾格。②区别形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词。③区别this/that,these/those>one/ones>it/themo④不定代词（区别二者与三者；单数还是复数；肯定还是否定）5）动词：①时态、语态（主谓一致、动词各种变化形式是否正确）及非谓语形式一一不定式和动名词。②动词短语的固定形式（如listento与listen）。③区别近义词（如hear与listento）o6）数词：判定该基数词还是序数词（以及序数词的变化形式）。7）介词：正确区别、运用介词。8）连词：正确区别、运用连词。（二）从句子结构判定所用词是否恰当（重点从句子成分的角度着手，该用何词性）。（三）注意固定搭配（如thewayto...）o三、用改正后的答案代替相应的划线部分，从头到尾反复阅读短文，验证改正的答案是否正确。下列短文的划线部分可能有误，正确的划“丿”，错误的请改正。（A）Mr.andMrs.Greenhadason.TheycalledhimJamesandlovedhimverymuch.Buttherewasan屮hiHR（1）wrongwiththechild・Hedideverythingslow（2）andcouldnottakecareofhim（3）.Hisparentsdidnotknowwhat问$（4）wrong.Soonedaytheytookhimtoadocto匚Thedoctorlookeduji（5）Jamescarefullyandfoundtheboycouldn'tseeanything.So（6）thedoctorsaidhecan（7）donothingtohelptheboy.Afewyearslater,Mr.andMrs.Greenlisiened（8）therewasagooddoctorinatownnotfaraway・Sotheytooktheboytovisithim.Thedoctordidasmalloperationwith（9）James・AftertheoperationJamescouldsee.What（10）happyeveryonewas・1.2.3.4.5.6.7.&9・10.(B)Aneleven-year-oldboyinasmalltownwantedbeing(1)atraindrive匚Buttheboywasbornwithoutarms.Hisfathertaughthimtousehisfeetfor(2)"hands”.Hecouldn'tgotoschool,so(3)hespentallhistimewatch(4)trainscoiningandgoingbecausehelivednearthestation.W7w(5)hewantedtobeatraindriver!Onedayhesawanemptytrainandclimb(6)in.Itwasnotdifficultforhimtostartitwithhisfeet.Soonthetrainwastravelingin(7)fortymilesanhour,andtheworkerstherecoulddosomething(8)tostopit.Whenhedrovebacktothetownandstoppedatthestation,aworkergotonit.Atlast(9)hewasveryangry,buthelaughedwhentheboysaid,"Iliked(}0)trains.^"Well,Fmgladyoudorftlikeplanes!^1.2.3.4.5.6.\n7.&9.10.(C)WhileBillwascleeming(1)theclassroomafterschoollastMonday,hisclassmate,Lily,closedthedooror(2)lockedit,becauseshethoughttherewassomebody(3)intheclass・room.BillcouldrTtgetoutandhave(4)tostayintheclassroom.Threehoursago(5),theteachercameandopenedthedoo匚ShesumNsed(6)toseehimthere.On(7)thattimeBillwasmuch(8)coldandhungry・NowwhenBillstayslateintheclassroom,hetakes(9)anoteonthedoor,uFmyet(10)intheroom.Donilockthedooi\"1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8・9・10.(D)Whichisthebetter(1)waytolearnaforeignlanguage?Weallrememberthatwelearn(2)ourownlanguagewell(3)whenwewerechildren.Ifwecanlearnasecondlanguageinthesameway,itwill(4)seemsodifficult・Thinkofwhatasmallchilddoes.Helistenstowhatpeoplespeak(5)andtry(6)toimitate(模仿)whathehears・Whenhewantssomething,heasksforit.Inthisway,heusing(7)thelanguage.Hethinksandspeakswith(8)thenewlanguageallthetime・人什少(9)peopleuseasecondlanguagelikethis,theywilllearnitquickly(10)thanbefore.1.2.3・4.5.6.7.&9.10.(E)Thereisalibraryinourschool.Itislargeandthereis(1)manybooksinit.Anyonemayborrowbooksto(2)itanditcost(3)nothingtoborrowthem.Usuallyyoumayborrowasmanyof(4)fourbooksatatime.Booksmaybe(5)keptfortwoweeks.Newstory-booksarealwayspopularandsomebooks,forexample,booksfor(6)history,science,cookingarealsowell-liked・Sosomelimes(7)whenyougotothelibrarytoborrowabook,itmaybeout.Whatcanyoudo?Youcanaskthelibrariancall(8)itback・Thelibrarianwillletyouknowwhenthebookhasbeenreturnedandwillba(9)readyforyou.Youhavetotakecareofthebooks.Ifyoulosethebook,youwillbeintrouble,andhavetopayit(10).1.2.3.4.5.6.7.&9・10.(F)Theseaisverybig.Itcoversthreequartersoftheearth,Theseaisalsoverydeepinsomeplace(1).Thereisoneplaceandatthatplacetheseaare(2)about11kilometresdeep.Thehigher(3)mountainintheworldisabout9kilometreshigh>When(4)thatmountainput(5)intotheseaatthatplace,there\nwouldstillbeMo(6)kilometersaboveit.Insomepartsofthesea,therearemanykindsoffishesandplants.Somelives(7)nearthetopofthesea.Other(8)livedeepdown.Thereareeither(9)alotofsmalllivingthings.Lotsoffishliveby(10)eatingthem・1.2.3・4.5.6.7.&9・10.(G)OnedaywhenJackwaswalked(l)inthepark,hesawawomansat(2)inachairwithadogbesidehers(3).Thedogwaslookingdown(4)atthewoman.Jackwalkeduptothewomanandsaid(5),"Hello,Sue,what(6)areyou?MayIsitandsay(7)withyouforawhile?”“Ofcourse,pleasesit(8)down/'Suesaid.JacksatdownnexttoSueinthechairbut(9)theytalkedquiet(10)together.1.2.3・4.5.6.7.&9.10.(H)WhenPeterwasaboy,helikes(1)watchesandclocksverymuch.Whenhewaseighteenyearsold,hebegantoteachhim(2)tomendwatches・Alotofhisfriendsbroughthimbrokenwatches,andhemendedit(3)whenhewasfree.Oneday,apolicemanheared(4)aboutthisandbroughthimawatchandsaid,"Mywatchhasstopped.Canyoumenditto(5)me,please?59Petersaid,“Yes，sir.Ican?5Afterafewdays(6),hebroughtthewatchbacktothepoliceman."Howmany(7)doIgiveyou?"lhepolicemanasked・'"Twodollars,sir,"Peteranswered・Thenhetook(8)asmallboxoutofhispocketandgaveitfor(9)thepoliceman."Herearethreewheelsfromyourwatch.Ididn'tfindaplaceforthemwhenIputanything(10)back.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.(I)Theanimalsareuse(1)tothedesertpeopleinmanyways(2).Theyeatthemeat,drinkthemilkoftheanimals-Theyusecamels(骆马它)to(3)carryingwater,food,tents(帐篷)andother(4)things.Thepeopleofthedeserthavetokeepmove(5)fromplacetoplace・Theymustalwayswatch(6)forgrassordesertplantsfortheiranimals・Whenthereisnot(7)morefoodfor\ntheiranimals,theymovetoanotherplace.Thedesertpeopleis(8)friendly.Theywouldneverrefusetohelp(9)peopleintrouble,but(lO)theywouldgivethemfoodandwater.1.2.3・4.5.6.7.&9.10.(H)Weknowthatthelast(1)partofthe20thcenturysawmorelar胱(2)inventions:thehelicopterin1990,movies如(3)soundin1926,thecomputerin1928andthejetplanein1930.Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybrin丈(4)newwaystohelppeoplegetoverdiseafie(5).Theymadepeoplehealthierandlivel(m±(6).Bythistimemostpeoplehadaverywell(7)life.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade・Theworldis(8)knowntomanand(9)theuniversewasnot.Manycountriesbeganlooking(10)forwaystogointospace・Russianmadethefirststep・1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.交际用语A)选择填空()1“HappyNewYeartoyou,Mary!”“A.ThanksforyourhelpB.ThesametoyouC.Youaresokind()2."Let'sgotothezoo,shallwe?""A.AllrightB.YouarewelcomeC.Yes,weshall()3・"WillyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartythisSaturday?^“A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idon'tC.Yes,PdlovetoA.You5repoliteA.NotatallA.Yes,IamA.Holdonforamoment()4.“CouldIhaveyourname,please?"”"B.CallmeJohnC.It'skindofyou()5.“Excuseme,may1askyouaquestion?^“'B.Yes,ofcourseC・Youask()6."Howbeautifullyyouwrite!"“”A.NotatallB.ThankyouC.Don'tsayso()7."Fmgoingtothesouthforafewdays：“nB・HaveagoodtimeC.Ilikeit()8."CouldIspeaktotheheadmaster?5544,please.”B.SpeakloudlyC.What'swrong()9."Wouldyouliketohaveanothercupoftea?"“A.Yes,IdoB.NotatallC.No,thanks\n()10."DoyouthinkIcanborrowyoureraser?^“"A.Yes,helpyourselfA.Yes,IthinksoC.No,Idon'tthinkso()11."I'mafraidIhavetoleavealittleearlier.Mymotherisillinbed.”“.Ihopeshewillbebettersoon.”A.It'snothingB・NothingseriousB.Fmsorrytohearthat()12.“Don'tforgettocometoourschooltomorrow："A.Idon^tB.IcarftC.1wonl()13.44Thankyouforhavingus.Wehadaverygoodtimetoday?9“.Bye：A.No,thankyouB.1(wasmypleasureA.Youshouldn'tsaythat()14.“Hello!CouldIspeaktoMissGreen?”“"A.SpeakingB.WhoareyouC.TmMissGreen()15.'Tmsorrytotroubleyou,MissGao：“A.It'sverykindofyouB.ThesametoyouC.Itdoesn'tmatter()16・"Don'tthrowpaperontheground.A.FmsorryB・ThankyouC・Yoifrewelcome()17.“HappyBirthdaytoyou.”“”A.ThankyouB.That'sOKA.NomattersA.ItwillbefineC.HappyBirthdaytoyou,too()1&"What'sthematterwithyou?^^八'B.WhatmatterC.Nothingserious()19."Shall1closethewindow?^^""A.No,pleasedorTtB.NotatallC・Donidothatnow()20."What'stheweatherliketoday?""B.It'srathercoldC.It'snineforawalk()21.“Youhavedoneagoodjob.”“"A.No,IdonldowellenoughB.YouarewelcomeC・It'sverykindofyou()22.'Tmsorry,couldyourepeatit?"“"A.Yes,youarewelcomeB.CertainlyC.That'snothing()23.“Howisyourfather?"“"A.I'mfineB.HeisgoodC.He'sfeelingbad()24.未听清别人的话，要求对方重复吋说.A.FmhappyB.FmsorryC.Pardon()25.“Niceweathertoday,isn'tit?”“"A.Beautiful,isn'titB.No,itisn'tC.Ithinkit'stoosunny()26."Whatdidyoudolastnight?Whydidyounotgotoseethefilm?”".Thefilmisreallyworthseeing.''A.I'msorrytohearitB.WhatapityC.I'msorryaboutit\n()27.Whenyouseeonthewaytoaforest,youshoulddrivecarefully.A.DANGERB.STOPC.CLOSED()28.Whenyouseeapicturewithinanartmuseum,youmustn'tphotoit.A.NOPARKINGB.NOPHOTOSA.NOSMOKING()29.“Wouldyoulikesometea?"'*A.ThankyouforaskingmeB.IfyoupleaseC.Thanks,thatwouldfine()30."Howisittoday?"“"A.It'srainB.It'stoomuchrainC.It'sfine()31.“Whatdayisittoday?"“"A.It'ssunnyB.It'sSundayC.It'sMay12thB)补全对话，每空一词(A)A:WhatcanIdoyou?B:Fdlikeaofshoes.A:Whatsizedoyouwear?B:Twentyfourcm.A:Whatdoyoulike?B:Ilikebrownverymuch・A:Whattheoneontheright?B:Itverynice.MayIthem?A:Ofcourse・Hereyou.B:Theyfitmequitewell.Howarethey?A:Onehundredandtwentyyuan.B:Allright.Fllthispair*.(B)A:Sorry,Idonlknow.YoiTdbetterthepolicemanoverthere.B:Thankyouallthesame.A:Excuseme.isthewaytothePeople'sHospital.C:Godownthisstreet,turnrightandwalkonyoureachthefirst.Thenturnrightandyou'llseethathospitalinofyou.A:Howfarisithere・B:It'sabout2kilometres.A:Mysonisbadlyill.Hecan，twalkanylonger.canwegetthere:?B:Youcangotherebus.Oh,sorry.It'sverylateandthereisnobusnow.You'dbetterataxi.A:Isee,Thankyouverymuch・B:Youarewelcome.(c)A:Goodmorning!Ihelpyou?B:Fdlikeasweatermydaughte匚A:Certainly.Thewoolensweatersarehangingandthecottonarehangingthere.wouldyoulike?\nB:F1Ihaveaatthewoolenones.Thankyou.A:Nohurry!Pleasetakeyourtime・B:Ican'tdecidewhichsweaterto!A:Letmehelp!Doyoulikethisone?B:No,thisoneistoolarge・A:Whataboutthisone?B:No,1likethecolour.A:Whatdoyouwant?B:Green.Look!Thatone,overthere・A:Yes,it'sgreen.Whatdoyouwant?B:Amiddle-sizedone・A:OK...Hereyouare.(D)A:Hello,88890921.B:Hello!CouldItoAnn,please?A:Fmnot.Sheisn'thereatthemoment.Canyouamessage?B:OK.ThisisBillhere.IsMrsGreen?A:Yes,thisisAnn'smother.B:ThankyouverymuchaskingmetoAnifsbirthdaypartyonSunday.Pmverysorry,Icarftcome・A:Oh,Fmsorrytothat.B:WearetobeinShanghaithatday.Ihopeyouwillhaveagood・A:Thankyou.Fllgiveherthe・B:Thankyou.Bye-bye.动词填空用所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空，其中有两个多余选项。(A)think;lose;boiTow;lend;find;leaveforfindout;buy;read;return;put;worryMygrandmaisalreadyeightyyearsold.Sheusedtobeahistoryteache匚Herhobbyis(1)・Shelikesreadingonmanydifferentsubjects・Sheoftenborrowsbooksfromtheschoollibrary.She(2)alotofbooks,too.Sheoftensays,“Ilovebooks.Booksaremybestfriends.Theygivemeknowledgeandmakemehappy."Grandmalikestoborrowbooksfromthelibraryandreadsoutsideintheschoolyard・Sometimesshereadsafewlines,putsdownthebook,walksafewstepsand(3)forawhileandthenwalksawaywiththebook・ButlastweekGrandmaforgottotakethebookwhenshe(4)home・Shewasworriedandaskedherfriends,“Haveyouseenahistorybook?IthinkI(5)it：Thenextdayshewenttothelibrarianandsaidtoher,“I'mverysorry.Iborrowedahistorybookfromthelibrarylastweek・ButIcan^tfindit.IthinkFvelostit：“Don'tworry.You(6)it/saidthelibrarian・\nSeveraldayslaterGrandmacametothelibrary(7)somemorebooks.Thelibrarianaskedher,“Haveyoufoundthebook?”"Notyet.Tvelookedforiteverywhere,butIstillcan，tfindit.“Doniworry.Someonewillprobablyfinditandreturnitsoonerorlater*；Afewdayslater,thebookwasstillmissing.Whatwasworse,Grandmalostmorebooks-She(8)andsowasthelibrarian."I’mafraidFllhavetopayforthelostbooks/9saidGrandmasadly・Onedaythelibrariancameupwithanidea・SheaskedGrandma(9)abookmarkineachoftheborrowedbookswiththewords:“Ifyoufindthisbook,pleasereturnittotheschoollibrary・•••"Grandmathoughtitwasawonderfulidea.Nowherlostbooksareusually(10)tothelibrary.(B)recycle;collect;go;takecareof;come;protect;throw;help;draw;make;keep;happenOnedayIwasvisitingoneofmyfriendsinabigtown.Suddenlyapieceofbeautifulmusic(l)tomyears・Myfriend’sfatherquicklypickedupsomerubbishandwentoutside・Iaskedmyfriend,"What(2)2"Myfriendsaidthattherewasatruck(3)rubbishoutside."Wheneversomeone(4)insomerubbish,itproducesapieceofmusic.Assoonasotherpeoplehearit,theygooutwiththeirrubbishandthrowitin："It’sapleasantway(5)keepourcityclean：’saidmyfriend・(6)ourenvironmentisveryimportant.Whereveryoulive,youcandosomethingaroundyourneighborhood・Haveyoueverthrownanylitterontotheground?Haveyouever(7)picturesonpublicwalls?Haveyoueverspatinapublicplace?Haveyouevercutdowntrees?Ifyouranswersare“No二itmeansthatyouhavealreadyhelpedprotectourenvironment.Itisourduty(8)ourenvironmentcleanandtidy.Youmightaskyourself,"HaveIeverpickedupsomerubbishandthrownitintoadustbin?HaveIevercollectedwastepaperorbottlesfor(9)?HaveIeverplantedanytreesorflowersinornearmyneighborhood?^Ifyouranswersare“Yes",itmeansthatyouhavealreadydonesomethingusefultoimprovetheenvironment.Ifeveryonemakesacontributionto(10)theenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.(C)take;sleep;walk;give;sell;getrush;travel;watch;be;offer;lookJimGreen(1)inChinaformorethantwoyears.HehasbeentomanyinterestingplacesinBeijing,buthehasnotyetbeentomanyotherpartsofChina・LastweekhewenttoMountEmeiinSichuanProvincewithhisfamily.Manypeopleliketotravelbyair,butJim’sfamilythinkthat(2)bytrainisthebest.Itismuchcheaperandfarmoreenjoyablethana(3)tripbyair.TheyhadawonderfultrainridetoChengdubeforetheywentontoMountEmeibybus.Earlyonemorning,they(4)ataxitoBeijingWestRailwayStation.Thestationwasverylively.Therewerebookshops,foodshopsandstores(5)allkindsofthings.Mrs\nGreenboughtsomefruit,foodandbottlesofwatertotakeonthetrain.Shesaidthatitwasbetter(6)somefoodbeforetheygotonthetrainbecausefoodonthetrainwasusuallytooexpensive・Thetrainwasquitecomfortable,andthereweren'ttoomanypeopleintheir(7)car.TheGreenscouldstandupand(8)around.Itwasalongjourney,butnoneofthemfelttired・Theykept(9)thebeautifulsceneryoutofthewindow・Theytalked,laughedandplayedcards.Theconductorkeptcoming(10)themhotwaterandsellingthemmagazines・Peoplenearbytalkedwitheachother.AyoungmanpracticedspeakingEnglishwithMr.Green.Jimthoughtthetrainwaslikeabigmovingpary.(4)dive;allow;see;call;explore;helpinvite;be;invent;cover;look;saveNottoolongago,peoplecouldn^goscubadivingonHainanIsland,oranywhereelse.Thiswasbecausetherewasnomachine(1)apersontobreatheunderwaterforalongtime・In1943JacquesCousteauandhisfriendsmadeitpossibleby(2)thescubamachine.Cousteauwasveryinterestedin(3)deepintothesea,andwanted(4)anexplorer.Heboughtashipandusedit(5)underthesea.Cousteaualsolikedtomakevideos.Asheexploredthesea,hetookpicturesandvideosofmanythingsthatpeople(6)neverbefore.HeevenmadeaTVshowwhichranforeightyears・It(7)TheUnderseaWorldofJacquesCousteau.Itwasverypopularandletmanypeopleseewhatlifewaslikeunderthesea.Asaboy,Cousteaulovedthecoralreefsintheseabyhishome・Hewasamazedatallthecolours,andallthebeautifulfish.However,whenhereturnedsomeyearslater,thecolourfulcoralreefsweredeadandgrey.Hedecidedtotellpeoplehowimportantitwas(8)theenvironmentunderthesea.HestartedtheCousteauSociety(9)protectlifeinthesea.Nowthereareover30,000membersallovertheworld.Sincewater(10)mostoftheearth,Cousteauknewweshouldkeeptheseasclean.Weshouldnotlittertheseas,andshouldcleanupthedirtyparts.Aswaterisveryimportanttoourenvironment,heencouragedeveryonetotakepartinprotectingourlakes,rivers,seasandcolours.(5)open;base;come;bring;go;doland;take;fall;sing;name;callDuringtheChristmasseasonfriendsgettogetherandgofromhousetohouse(1)Christmassongs.Theydothisforfunand(2)thespiritofChristmastothepeopleineachhouse・ThenonChristinasEve—thenightbeforeChristmasDay—childrenputstockingattheendoftheirbedsbeforetheygotosleep・TheirparentsusuallytellthemthatFatherChristinas(3)duringthenight.Somepeopleevenputupstockingfortheirpetsaswell.FatherChristmasisaverykind-heartedman・He(4)ontopofeachhouseallovertheworldandclimbsdownthechimney.HethenfillsthestockingwithChristmaspresents.ButwhoisFatherChristmas?Canamanreallyclimbdownthechimneyofeveryhouseintheworldinasinglenight?Ofcoursenot.\nFatherChristmas(5)onarealpersoninhistory・InTurkey,thereoncewasaman(6)SaintNicholas.Hewasaveryshyperson.Hewantedtogivemoneytothepoor.Buthedidnotwantthemtoknowthatthemoneycamefromhim.Hedidn?tknowwhat(7).Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseanddroppedsomemoneydownachimney.It(8)intoastockingthatalittlegirlhadhungbythefireplacetodry!EventhoughFatherChristmasisnolongerliving,hisspiritofgenerositylivesontoday・ChristmasDayalwaysbeginsbeforebreakfast.Childrenwakeupveryearly,andcanttoopenthepresentsintheirstockingsandunderthetree・Theywakeuptheotherfamilymembers,(9),"MerryChristmas!^Afterallthepresents(10),thefamilywillusuallyhaveadeliciousbreakfast.Theyspendthedayplayingwiththenewtoysandvisitingtheirrelativesandfriends.Theygreeteachotherwithahugandsay,“MerryChristmas!^(6)come;warn;say;eat;change;swimspeak;seen;feed;attack;be;attractSharks(1)aroundforaverylongtime.It(2)theyhavebeenonearthforthousandsofyears,and(3)verylittle・Asharkisafish,butishasmanydifferencesfromafish.Foronething,ifasharkstops(4)、itwillsink.Notallsharksarealike・Therearebetween200and250kindsofsharks・They(5)indifferentsizes.Thelargestcanbeaslongas15metres.Iteatsplantsfromthesea,butmanysharks(6)onfish,otherseaanimals,smallersharksandsometimestheyeatpeople,It(7)thatoneofthemostdangeroussharksistheGreatWhiteShark.They(8)anumberofpeopleoffthebeachesofAmerica・Australia,NewZealandandSouthAfricaalsohavesharkattacks・Insomeplacestherearewatchtowersonthebeaches(9)peopleaboutsharksinthewater.Whenasharkappears,abellringstotellthepeopletogetoutofthewater.Sharksattackabout100peopleayearintheworld.Perhapsthesharkjustthinksthatthepersonisakindofseaanimal,orsomethinggood(10)・(7)visit;mean;be;see;found;lie;becoveredwith;explain;find;discover;lay;disappear;LastSaturdayafternoon,WeiHuaandherclassmates(l)theMuseumofNaturalHistory.Theywereveryinterestedindinosaurs"Canweseedinosaurshere?"WeiHuaaskedMissLi,theirguides.“Yes!,ofcourse.ThereisanundergroundDinosaurWorld.Thereyou(2)thefossilsofmanykindsofdinosaurs.Shallwegotovisitthedinosaursfirst?'、“Yes!Let9sgo!MAllthestudentscheered・ThentheywenttothedinosaurWorld・"Oh,look!Thesemustbedinosaureggs・Theyaresobig!99Lucyshouted・"Yes.Theseeggs⑶intheGobiDesertbyagroupofscientistsinthe1920s「MissLisaid・“Sotheseeggs(4)longlongagobydinosaurs!^Lilysaid\nMillLismiled,“Theseeggswerelaidabout95millionyearsago：“95millionsago?That(5)dinosaurslivedlongbeforehumanbeingsappeared!Butwecan^tseeanydinosaurstoday.That'sapity!59saidLinTao.“Yes・Dinosaurslivedontheearthformorethan150millionyears,andthen(6)about65millionyearsago.Scientiststry(7)theirdisappearance,butthey'vegotmorequestionsthananswers/9saidMissLi."Andnowthereisaveryspecialdinosaurondisplay.ItwasdiscoveredinLiaoningProvince.Isayitisspecialbecausethedinosaur(8)feathers“WithfeathersLikebirds?99Thestudentscouldnotbelievetheirears・"Look!"MissLishowedthemapictureofthefeathereddinosaur,“Yousee,itlookslikeabigbird.Somescientistsbelievethatdinosaurshavenotdisappeared,buttheyhavebecomebirds："That'sveryinteresting.Iwant(9)ascientistinthefutureandstudydinosaurs!^saidSongDan.“Good.Thenwecanseemanydinosaurs(10)byyouinthismuseum/9saidMissLi,andallthestudentslaughed・(9)need;save;hit;grow;livework;build;stay;prevent;plant;blow;becoveredwithForestshelptokeepwaterfromrunningaway,sodroughtdoesnotoftenhappen.Thetreesintheforestscankeepraindropsfrom_(1)thesoildirectly,sothesoilisnoteasilywashedaway.Thedeadleavesonthegroundalsokeepthewaterfromrurmingaway・Thewaterthen(2)inoneplaceandisusedbythetreesintheforests.Inthisway,floods(3)・Chinesepeopledonotwanttoseemorefloodsanddroughts,sothey(4)anewGreatWallacrossthenorthernpartofthecountry・Thistime,itisa"GreatWall"oftrees,millionsoftrees.TheGreatGreenWallis7,000kilometerslong,andbetween400and1,700kilometerswide.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom(5)theearthaway・Itwillstopthesandfrommovingtowardstherichfarmlandinthesouth・It(6)alreadyalotofland.Butmore"GreatGreenWalls'")still,andnotonlyinChina.Theymustbebuiltallovertheworld.WangFengisaworkeratYulininShaaxiProvince.HeworksontheGreatGreenWallwithmanyotherpeople・Wevisitedhimathisworkplaceamongtheyoungtreesandaskedhimabouthiswork.."Manythousandsoftreesmust(8)everyyear厂hesaid・“Themore,thebetter.Thisyearalone,we'vealreadyplantedtenthousandtrees・Youseeallthosesmalltreesoverthereonthathill?Thatwassandfiveyearsago.Nowit'sayoungforest!Inafewyears'time,thosemountains(9)trees,too!"Hepointedtothehighmountainsfaraway.Wasitdifficult(10)ontheGreatGreenWall?“Yes.IFshardwork,butit'sveryimportant.Theonlyproblemisyoucan^teattrees!Wehavetogrowourownfood,too.ButthankstotheGreatGreenWall,thelandproducesmorecrops.Sothemoretreesthereare,thebetterharvestswehave・beborn;goon;leave;increase;come;happen;mean;pass;\nreach;produce;livein;beLookatyourwatchforjustoneminute.Duringthattime,thepopulationoftheworldincreasedby259.Perhapsyouthinkthatisn5tmuch.However,duringthenexthour,over15,540morebabies(1)ontheearth.Soit(2)、hourafterhour.Inoneday,peoplehave(3)foodforover370,000moremouths.Multiplythisby365.Justthinkhowmanymoretherewillbeinoneyear!What(4)inahundredyears?The(5)populationisgrowingfasterandfaster.Twothousandyearsago,therewereonly250millionpeopleontheearth・Fourhundredyearsago,thenumber(6)over500million.Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,theworld'spopulationwasabout1.7billion.In1970,thisnumberwasover3.6billion.In1990,it(7)morethanfivebillion.Nowatthebeginningofthe21stthewoiicTspopulation(8)sixbillion.Peoplesaythatbytheyear2010,itmaybesevenbillion.That(9)thatinabout600years,therewillbestandingroomonlyontheearth.Eachpersonwillhaveonehalftoonesquaremetreofspace(8)・Therewillbehardlyenoughspaceforanybodyelse.(11)do;sleep;get;bring;rock;breakbuy;drop;crash;say;reach;takeOneFridaymorninginSanFrancisco,RobertParley,ababy,(1)inhisbed.Thefamilypet,adog,wasasleeponthefloorbesidethebaby'sbed・Mrs.Parleywasbusy(2)herhousework・Suddenlyanearthquake(3)thecity.Mrs.Parleysaidshefeltasifshewasinastormatsea.Shetriedhard(4)thebaby'sroom,butthehousebrokeintwo,(5)hertothefirstfloorandleavingwithbaby'sbedhangingontheedgeofthestoryhouse・MrsParleytriedtoclimbtothesecondfloor,butshecouldn^tbecauseshe(6)herleg.Sheshoutedtothedog,Cody,(7)thebaby・ThedogjumpedintolittleRobertasbedandcarefullygrabbedthebabyinhismouth.Thedogthenjumpedoutofthebedwiththebcibyjustasthebed(8)tothefirstfloor;MrsParleycalledthepoliceonhermobilephoneandhalfanhourlater,theyclimbedtothesecondfloortogetthedogandthebaby.ThepolicesaidbabyRobertdidn'tcryatall.BabyRobertandhismother(9)tothehospital,withCodythedogrightbesidethem・Allarenowdoingwell.Itistrue(10)adogisman'sbestfriendoratleastRobertasbestfriend.(12)help;take;carry;make;beat;relaxdo;surprise;please;be;win;scoreIna(1)result,theNo.69MiddleSchoolgirls5footballteamyesterday(2)theirschoofsboy，steam.Theboys^teamused(3)thegirlswiththetraining.Theyhadneverlosttothegirlsbefore,butthistimethegirlsbeatthem4-3inanexcitingmatch.Afterthegame,WuNai,captainoftheboys'team,wasveryunhappy."Weallthoughtthis\n（4）aneasygame,"hesaid.“Weneverthoughtateamofgirlscouldbeatus.Thisisthemostunluckydayofmylife：ButM匚Hu,theboys，PEteacher,saidhethoughtthegirlsdeserved（5）•“Theboysweretooconfident^hesaid.“Itoldthembeforethematchthattheyneededtoplaywell.Theyallthoughtthatgirls5footballwasajoke.Nowtheyknowbetter.Theyplayedcarelessly,andtheydeservedtolose."Thematchhadstalledwellfortheboys・After30minutes,theywerewinning2-0.Theirbeststriker,LuMing,scoredinthethirtiethminute.Earlier,themidfieldplayer,MaZhengquan,hadscoredthefirstgoalinonlythesecondminuteofthematch.Hisexcellentshotwentlowtotheleftofthegirls'goal.Theirkeeper,JiangMei,couldnotstopit.However,afterthefirsthalfhour,theboysseemedtobecometooconfidentand（7）・Atfirst,thegirlshadfeltabitnervous,butthentheybecamemoreandmoreconfident.Justbeforehalftime,LiXiaolinmadethescore2-1,withabeautifulshotintothetopright-handcorneroftheboys'goal.Inthesecondhalf,theboyswerethefirsttoscore.AnothergreatshotfromLuMingwentoverJiangMei^sheadandintothemiddleofthegoal.However,afterthattheboysbecamerelaxedandlazy,butthegirls（8）onworkinghard・HaoMeilingscoredinthe6&hminute,（9）thescore3-2.ThenLiXiaolinscoredtwiceinthelastsixminutestomakethefinalscore4-3.Itwasanamazingfinishtoanexcitingmatch.Thegirls'PEteacher,MissWang,（10）withtheirperformance."Theyweregreat!"shesaid.—、句子成分：句子是有不同的各部分组成的，这些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是单词、词组或句子（从句）。在句中起主要作用的是主语、谓语，称为主要成分；起次要作用的有宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语，称为次要成分。所有的句子都是在简单句的基础上展开的，所以我们首先讨论简单句的五种基本句型。一.简单句的五种基本句Si（Fivekindsofsimplesentences）（一）主语+不及物动词（主、谓结构）eg.1）Heisworking・2）Hecooks.（二）主语+及物动词+宾语（主、谓、宾结构）eg.1）WestudyEnglisheveryday・2）Theyareplayingfootball（三〉主语+连系动词+表语（主、系、表结构）eg.1）Treesturngreen.2）Heishappy・常见的连系动词有：be;become;get（“天气”变得）;turn（“颜色”变得）;feel（觉得/摸起来）;look（看起来）;smell（闻起来）;sound（听起来）；taste（尝起來）；seem（似乎）.特别注意：a）连系动词后常接形容词常作表语；b）be/become后常接名词或相当于名词的短语（不定式/动名词）做表语。c）seem+形容词=seemtobe+形容词eg.l）Heisateacher（名词做表语）\n2）Hisjobistofeedanimals（不定式做表语）3）Hishobbyisreading.（动名词做表语）4）Heseemshappy=Heseemstobehappy（四）主语+及物动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）二主语+及物动词+直宾（物）+to/for+间宾（人）常用的此类动词有:give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy与for连用eg.1）1gavehimabook.=Igaveabooktohim.2）Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.=Mymotherboughtapenforme.（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing形式。eg.1）WecallhimJim.（名词做宾补）2）Wemustkeepthewindowopen.（形容词做宾补）3）Thenewsmakesmehappy（同上）4）1foundithardtogettosleep（同上）5）1thinkitusefultolearnEnglishwell（同上）6）Hetoldmetowashtheplates.（不定式做宾补）7）1sawathiefgoingintoyourroom.（动名词做宾补）特别注意：1）动词不定式作宾补A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth.其否定式为：ask/want/tellsbnottodosth2）省to不定式作宾补，即：（1,m,n;3h;2看;If）sbdosth1—let,m—make,n—notice;3h—hear,have,help;2看一see,watch;If—feel.eg.l）Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday.2）1oftenhearhimsing.2）区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.hear/seesbdo:听见/看见某人做了某事hear/seesbdoing:听见/看见某人在做某事二、词类和句子成分的关系。（一）词类相互间的关系。1.形容词、数词通常修饰名词（有时名词也可以修饰另外一个名词），形容词还可修饰代词。例如：1）Thethreetallandstrongmenareallbasket-（定语）（主）（谓）（定语）ballplayers.（"主系表”结构）\n（表语）数词three和形容词tall,strong修饰名词men;名词basketball修饰名词players.2）Thewriteroftenwritessomethinginteresting（主）（壮）（谓）（宾）徒）aboutchildren.（"主胃宾”结构）（定）形容词interesting修饰不定代词something1.副词常修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。例如：1）His曲ys£hepianoqiiite碇11（定）（主）（谓）（宾）（壮）d±）（副词well修饰plays,副词quite修饰另一副词well.）r存|If2）Thest.oryisx时interesting（主）（谓X壮）（表）（副词very修饰形容词interesting）以上的名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词称为实词，可以在句中单独做一定的成分。2.冠词、介词、连词称为虚词，在句屮不能单独构成句子成分。冠词只能用于名词前；介词与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，才能作一定的成分（定语、状语和表语）。例如：ITheLeagiemembersofClassTwopaving（±）薩厂f（谓itheLea护matingintheschoolyarii（宾）（状）（介词短语ofClassTwo作定语，修饰theLeaguemembers.介词短语intheschoolyard作地点状语，修饰arehaving）连词只起连接词、词组和句子的作用。Heissoyoungihathecan'tgotoschool.（that连接两句子）（二）词类和句子成分的关系：1.主语：是句子要说明的人和物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词常在句中作主语。此外，动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可作主语。例如：1）Mr.Chenisagreadtscientist.（名词作主语）2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代词作主）3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（动名词作主语）4）ToswiminKumingLakeisagreatpleasure.（动词不定式作主语）5）Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.（主语从句作主语）2.谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。例如：1）ThenewtermbeginsonSeptember1st.（行为动词作谓语）2）Sheseemstired.（连系动词作谓语）3）HehasuonetoBeijing.（行为动词作谓语）\n1.宾语：及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词（或相当于及物动词的短语）后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外，动词不定式、动名词和从句也可作宾语。例如：1）WangLinglentmeanovel.（代词me作间接宾语；名词anovel作直接宾语）2）Themedicineisgoodforacough.（名词acough作介词宾语）3）Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.（不定式toaskquestions作动词likes的宾语）4）Hisbrotherisgoodatplayingchess.（动词名词playingchess作介词宾语）5）Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?（coming作动词宾语）2.宾语补足语（复合宾语的第二部分）：在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。（见前面简单句的五种基本句型五）3.表语：在连系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词以及表语从句。（参见简单句的五种基本句型三）1）WangLin'sfatherisadoctor.（名词adoctor作表语，说明主语的身份是doctor）2）HeisfromAmerica.（介词短语fromAmerica作表语，说明主语的特征是"来自美国“）3）Thebabyisasleep.（形容词asleep作表语，说明主语的状态是“睡着的”）4）HisworkisteachingEnglish.（动名词短语teachingEnglish作表语，说明主语特征是“教英语”）5）Thisiswhyhewaslateforschool（表语从句whyhewaslateforschool作表语。）4.定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语通常放在它所修饰的词前；但修饰复合不定代词（nothing,anything,everything,something,somebody,anybody,）时，贝ij放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语吋，也放在被修饰词之后。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和定语从句等都可作定语。1）Heisreadinganinterestingbook.（形容词interesting作定语，修饰名词book）2）1havesomethingimportanttotellyou.（形容词important以及不定式totellyou作定语，修饰不定代词something）3）Therearefewwomenworkersinthefactory.（形容词few以及名词women作定语修饰名词workers）4）TheoilworkersherecomefromDaqing.（名词oil以及副词here作定语修饰名词workers）5）Wehavegottendesksintheroom.（数词ten修饰名词desks）6）Yesterdaythescientistmadeareportonmodernscience.（介词短语onmodernscience作左语修饰名词report.）7）Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.（现在分词短语playingthepiano作定语修饰名词girl）8）ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.（定语从句whichIboughtyesterday作定语修饰名词dictionary）5.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词（如：often,always,usually等作状语放在事义动词之前，be/助/情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。1）HeknowshowtolearnEnglishwell.（副词well作状语,修饰动词learn）2）Myparentsoftentellusabouttheirhardlifeinthepast.（副词often作状语,修饰动词tell）3）HermotherusuallygoesouttodosomeshoppingonSundays.（副词usually以及介词短语on\nSundays作状语，修饰动词goes）4）HewillleaveforShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.（名词词组thedayaftertomorrow作状语，修饰动词willleave）5）Hecameheretoseeyou.（动词不定式toseeyou作目的状语，6）Hesattherereadinganovel（现在分词短语readinganovel作状语修饰动词sat）7）IfIhavesomefreetime,1willstudyGerman.（条件状语从句IfIhavesomefreetime作状语）三、用分析法确定一个单词在句中的词性^和成分。在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意思，应根据一个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的成分。"Excuseme.Idon，twanttolistentoyouanymore・Idoitthinkit'sagoodexcuseforbeinglateforschool第一个excuse是动词“原谅”；第二个excuse有冠词a修饰，它是一个名词“借口”，在此作表语)2)Thescoresarehardtobelieve.TeamAhasscoredeightgoals.第一个score作主语，是一个名词“分数”；第二个score作谓语，是一个动词“进球”3)Theguidepointedtoaredpointonthemaptoshowuswherethetombis.第一个point作谓语，是一个动词"指着”；第二个point作动词pointedto的宾语，在此是一个名词“(红)点”4)WhenIfeltsomeraindropsdroppingonmyface,Iputonmyraincoat.第一个drop作动词felt的宾语，是一个名词“(雨)滴”；第二个drop是一个现在分词短语作宾语raindrops的宾语补足语，是一个动词“落下”5)Thesoundfromthechurchsoundsverybeautiful.第一个sound作主语，是一个名词“声咅”；第二个sound作谓语，是一个连系动词“听起來”。6)Sheisaquietgirl.Hedoeseverythingquietly.第一处的quiet作定语修饰名词girl,是一个形容词“安静的，文静的”；第二处的quietly作状语修饰动词does,是一个副词“安静地”练习一、根据单词所在的位置和句子成分，判定下列划线部分单词的词性。1・Pleaseclosethewindowbeforeyouleaveyourhome.2.WangLinisoneofmyclosefriends.3.Wemustkeepthewindowopen4.1forgottomendmywatch.5.TheyarewatchingTVnow・6.1wouldlikeabottleofwater,7.Heoftenwaterstheflowers&ShewillgotoNanjingona^sttrain9.Hisbrotherswimsveryfast,10・Letmehaveaswim.\n二、下列划线部分的句子成分。1,Myfatherwasateacher2.Themilktastesfresh3.1aminahurrytofindajob4.1foundyourshoesunder(hebed5.Shegaveherapresent6,Thepeopleallovertheworldarehopingforpeace<7,Thelittlegirlcand「essherselfnow.S.Themanaskedmeno〔(oplayinthestreet.9,ThebookisveryinterestinglO.Thereisatruckcollectingrubbishoutside,三、把下列句子译成英语。（注意句子成分）。1.我们已成功地完成了那项工作。2.我们的英语老师手里那着一本书走进了教室。3.吉姆开中国有三年了。4.那是“再见”的另一-种说法。5.说完这些话，他匆匆地去寻找那个失踪的孩子6.这种特殊的恐龙是我们国家发现的。7.我没有笔写字。8.照片中的王太太看起来很年轻。9.学好英语最好的方法是尽可能多的说。初三重点短语l.asetof(—)套/组/副2・allover=around/throughout遍及…的每个部分\n•aslongas长达2.]asmuchas多达astallas高达3.adoctorfbrchildren儿童医牛\n2.ranumberof许多（作主为复数）•thenumberof…的数H/号码（作主为单数）3.assoonaspossible尽可能早地，尽快4.aswell=too也；又；同样地5.atthebeginningof在…初；开始6.attheageof在…岁时7.atsea在大海上8.ratleast至少；起码、atmost最多9.aplaceofinterest=placesofinterest名月生10.allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事11.beabroad出国12.beableto=can能；会13.beafraidof害怕14.beexcitedabout对…感到兴奋15.beamazedat对…感到惊讶16.bemadeof由…组成;由…构成17.beproudof以…自豪（高兴）18.beworthdoins…值得做19.befilledwith=befullof装满；充满20.becoveredwith被…覆盖21.rbeforelong=soon不久以后jongbefore很久以前22.betodo打算做；将要做{beusedforsth/doigsth用丁-…beusedas被当作…来使用beusedby被…使用27.breakintwo裂成两半2&rbebusydoing忙于做…\bebusywithsth忙于某事29.既…又…；两者都30.begone'spardon请原谅;对不起31.bythetime在…吋候以前32.cometrue实现33.comeupwith提出；提供34.cutdown砍倒；砍伐35.carryon坚持下去；继续下去36.cometoone'sears传入（某人的）耳朵37.carrysbtosafety把某人带到安全地38.rcan^waittodosth迫不及待做某事can?thelpdoins悄不口禁地做某事39.dropoff放下（某物）；下车40.deservetodo做…理所应当\n29.eventhough即使\n29.eversince从那时起；此后一直30.encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事31.escapedoin賈逃脱做某事32.faraway很远；遥远33.fromnowon从今以后；今后34.findsbdoigsth发现某人做某事35.feedon/upon以…为食36.{feellikedoin瓦=wanttodo想要做某事=wouldliketodo「give叩sth放弃某事37.\give叩doinssth放弃做某事=stopdoin父sth38.gooverii一遍；复习；仔细检查39.getaninjection打针；注射40.get...back退还…;送回去41.givebirthto生孩子42.gostraightaloiin沿着…直接走43.handin交上来44.haveatry尝试；努力45.hearof/about听说46.humanbeing人47.hcuids叩举手48.have...off有…的休息49.have/hasgot=have/has有50.rhavenothingtodowith与・••无关、havesomethingtodowith与…有关51.hourafterhour一小时一小时地；连续地52.havesthdone请人做某事53.rinthisway用这种方法[indifferentways以不同的方法54.Itseemsthat+从句：似乎；好象6&Itissaid据说69.inhistory历史上70.rinafewyear'stime几年时I'可后=inafewyears71.keepoff避开；防止72.liveon继续存在，继续活着；靠…为生73.rleave+地点：离开某地'leave.险+地点：动身去某地；前往某地74.makesure确保；确认；查明75.moreorless或多或少76.makeadecision作出决定77.makeamistake犯错误\n7&makeaprogress取得进步\n79.makeupone'smind下决心80.multiply...by....以…乘以…81.rmakesb+使某人如何makemehappy使我愉快-makeacontributiontosth为某事做准备82.]makeacontributiontodoin父sth为做某事做准备83.nomatterwhat=whatever无论什么84.notonly...butalso不但…而且85.ondisplay陈列；展览86.onshow展出87.rontheotherhand另一方面；反过来说ontheothersideof在…的另一面88.onbusiness经商89.ronce叩onatime从前；很久以前=long,longago90.openup开放；开业；开设91.pickup捡起;拾起92.rpointat指着;指向（近物）pointto指向…（远物）93.putoff推迟；拖延94.putup挂起；举起95.prefertodoratherthando宁愿做…而不愿做…96.runaway流失；逃跑；逃走97.rushout冲出去98.regard...as把…当作…；当作99.rreceive/交迸aletterfrom收到某人的来信-hearfrom100.sendup发射;把…往上送101.setone'smindtodo一心想做…102.shutdown把…关上103.slowdown减缓；减速104.sofar到目前为止105.sothat以便；以致{somemorebooks另外的书fwomorebooks另外的两木书=anotherfwobooks107.speakhighlyof称赞108.spillover溢出109.thankstoftlT=becauseof；幸亏110.thinkabout考虑111.rthinkof认为;想起\nthinkmuch/alotof对…评价高；看重107.rturndown调低；调小\nturnup调高；调大107.tryout实验；尝试“usedto+动原:过去常常(做)114