初中英语名词专项讲解 7页

名词一导入：有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：“你一年里要摆525600下啦。”小钟吓坏了，说“哇，这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下！很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。二专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式：’s所有格及of所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.2.普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:water、air、wood不可数名词抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.\nexerciseidealifework可数练习题主意/意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】（1）family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；（2）部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：①police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。Thepolice(主语)+谓语动词复数②people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)…people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式(1)规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情况在词尾直接加s,例bags。2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es，例bus-busesbox-boxes。3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es例city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es,roof、proof直接加-s，例life-liveswife-wivesroof–roofs。(2)不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面例：anEnglishman-EnglishmenanAmerican-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer鹿，fish鱼，sheep绵羊，bison野牛，crab螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin亲属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft飞机，aircraft飞机，spacecraft太空船表示数量的名词Hundred百，thousand千，million百万，dozen一打，score二十_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.\n其他series系列；species种类；means方法(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例：acupofcoffee(一杯咖啡)twoglassesofmilk(两杯牛奶)threepiecesofpaper(三张纸)fourbottlesofwater(四杯水)三、名词所有格含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式：一种是’s所有格，一种是of所有格BeijingisChina’scapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.ThisisTom’sbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.Lilyisthekey’sowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.1、’s所有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加’s，如Lucy’spen路西的钢笔Children’sDay（儿童节）；以s结尾的复数名词，只加’,如thestudents’books学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s,如LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加’s,如Lucy’sandLily’sdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of所有格：1).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom2).双重所有格：of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).Issheadaughterof__________(you)?典型例题讲解1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.\n6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions三巩固训练：1.Thisis___reading-room.A.theteacher’sB.teacher’sC.teacher’sD.theteachers’2.Nothingwasfoundbut___broken.A.theroomwindowB.theroom’swindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom3.Howmany___wouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.Hewaspraisedforhis___.A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbrave5.Pleasegetmeanew___whenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers6.Thereare34___doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.womenC.woman’sD.women’s7.Some___areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.A.bambooB.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboos_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.\n8.Hewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin___.A.BuildingsecondB.BuildingTwoC.theBuildingTwoD.BuildingtheSecond9.Oldasheis,hehas___todoeveryday.A.alotofworkB.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworksD.quitealotofhomeworks10.Jack’sroomisfurnishedwith___.A.newfurnituresB.manynewfurnituresC.manynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture11.Haveyouread___newspaperyet?A.today’sB.Today’sC.thetoday’sD.yourtoday’s12.It’snotfar,only___walkfromheretoourschool.A.atenminutesB.tenminutesC.atenminutes’D.tenminutes’13.Lastmonth,hewroteme___letter.A.a1000-wordB.1000wordsC.a1000-wordsD.1000words’14.Hehada___sleepyesterday.A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnight’sD.good-night’s15.___isnotalongwaytodrive.A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistanceC.Threemiles’distanceD.Athree-mile-distance16.Hisisn’tfitforthework.Pleasegetme___.A.somethingelseB.somebodyelseC.someoneelse’sD.somebody’selse17.Doyouknowhowlarge___is?A.populationofChinaB.ChinesepopulationC.ChinapopulationD.China’spopulation18.___istoomuchfortheboytocarry.A.TheboxweightB.Thebox’sweightC.TheweightoftheboxD.Theboxoftheweight19.Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearest___shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoes’D.shoe’s20.What___weatherwe’rehavingthesedays!A.niceB.aniceC.abadD.worse21.Theysaythatthemeetingwillbe___.A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportanceC.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportant_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.\n22.I’mgoingtocallat___thisevening.A.MrBlackB.theBlacksC.MrBlack’sD.Blacks’23.WhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeople’sreligious___.A.beliefB.beliefsC.beliefsD.believs24.Therearesome___waitingforyououtside.A.GermanB.AmericanC.grown-upD.Japanese25.Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof___tohelppeoplewalk.A.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachine26.There’remany___inmybrother’salbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stamps27.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof___.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats28.UponhearingwhatIsaid,his___rose.A.angerB.angryC.angrilyD.angriness29.Excuseme,canyouchangethis___forme?A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnoteC.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotes30.Youhavetomake___foryourjourneyA.preparingB.preparationC.apreparationD.preparations四课堂过手训练：1.Wehaven'tgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?(07)AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit2.I’veread_____sportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesof3.Linda,I'veboughtmany.Nowlet'smakethebirthdaycake.（03）A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodDricedumplings4.Youcangetmuch____________abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.(01)A)mapB)pictureC)ticketD)information_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.\n5.Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosomeifyoulike.(07年南通)AfishesandchickenBfishesandchickenCfishandchickenDfishesandchickens6.Theygotmuch_ontheInterne.(07年天津)AphotoB.ideasCmessageD.information7.Inthestreetsthereare_________ofdifferentcoloursandsizes.A.taxiB.thetaxiC.thetaxisD.taxis8.Thesegirlswillbecome________.whentheygraduatefromthemedicalcollege.A.womandoctorsB.women'sdoctorsC.womendoctorsD.thewomendoctor's9.Usually________areverycarefulindoingexercises.A.girlstudentsB.girlsstudentsC.girls'studentsD.girl'sstudents10.Thewaitressbroughtus_______.A.glassesofjuicesB.glassesofjuiceC.glassofjuicesD.glassofjuice五学生反思总结：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.