初中英语语法—介词 39页

介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的含义\n什么是介词？它的作用是什么？1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代词名词动名词介词:通常用在_________、_______、_______之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_________。名词代词名词动名词关系\n介词的主要分类：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________地点介词方式介词时间介词固定搭配\n一.地点介词1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet..______________________2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace…_______________________3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor…_________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词\n填上正确的地点介词：1.在广州_______Guangzhou2.在电影院_______thecinema3.在湖边_______thelake4.在海里_______thesea5.树上的苹果apples______thetree6.书上的小鸟birds______thetree7.在天空上______thesky8.在教室外_________theclassroom9.在农场上________thefarm10.在街道上________thestreetinatbyinonininoutsideonin\n二.方式介词1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…___________________5.inthisway,bythismeans…___________________使用工具用介词with使用器官用介词with使用语言用介词in使用声音用介词in使用方法用介词in或by\n6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陆路，bysea水路，byair空运_________________但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…7.①Shanghailies___theeastofChina.()②Japanlies_____theeastofChina.()③Hubeilies_____thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…__________________9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在阳光下）underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用byintoon在中国内部在中国外部两地接壤表示穿衣服用in固定搭配()\n三.时间介词1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________night6.intheday=inthe________表示点钟或具体一点时间用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的时间用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-time\nlater单独使用可用将来时或过去时态Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后来，再过些时候7.具体时间用不同的介词:在放假期间_____theholiday在圣诞节期间____Christmas三天之后threedays______（一般过去时）____threedays（一般过去时）____threedays（一般将来时）duringlateratafterin注意\n(1)介词短语：atbreakfastfromnowonfromthenononone’swaytoatfirstatlastintheendinfrontofintimeontimeinthemiddleofatleastatmostinsteadofatonceonfootatthesametimebytheway四.固定搭配的含介词的中考词组:在吃早饭\n(2)Doyourememberthem?…在…岁时___theageof有时___times/sometimes开始,在…起初___thebeginningof此刻___the/thismoment=now在…结尾,在…尽头___theendof例如____example=such____匆忙地___ahurry到…的时候____thetime=when从…到…_____…___…在户外,在野外___theopenairatatatatatforinbyfromtoinas\n相邻，靠近next___遍及all_____将来___thefuture由于,幸亏thanks___过了一会儿_______awhile在地球上___theearth到底、究竟___earth下课/放学/下班后______lass/school/work展出___show值日___duty独立,单独all___oneself令(某人)惊讶___one’ssurprisetointoafteronafterononbytooveron\n(3)固定搭配:arrive___/___aplacefind___（发现，找到）geton/along_____beafraid__sth.hand___(上交）hand___(分发）beangry____sb.beangry____sth.bestrict____sb.bestrict__sth.beready___befull__=befilled_____begood___=dowell____bebusy_____sth.belate___beinterested__eat___give___(放弃）grow___inatwithupinforatforupupoutofwithwithofinatoutwithinwithin\nRememberandtranslate:hearfrom(sb)ringupholdon1.继续;坚持;保持2.(打电话时)等一等hurryupstopsb.fromdoingsth.knockat/ontakeofflaughattakepartinlistentothinkaboutlookafter/at/for/up/outtryontryouttakecareofturnon/offmakefriendswithwaitforpayforwakeupputon/up/offwritedownworryaboutmakeprogresswith\nbefamiliarwithsb./sth.（人）熟悉某人/某物befamiliartosb.…（物）为某人所熟悉bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求bestrictinsth.严格对待某事intheair在空中ontheair播出shoutto呼喊，向…喊shoutat对…吼，责骂intheend＝atlast＝finally最后bytheendof到…末止attheendof在…结束时，在…末端，\nbeknowntosb.为某人所知beknownas作为…而出名，被叫作…beknownfor因…而出名bebusywithsth.忙于某事bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事aheadoftime提前，超前sometime某时sometime某段时间，某一时期sometimes=attimes有时sometimes许多次，许多倍atatime=eachtime每次atonetime=once曾经\n常用易混淆介词辨析after/in皆可表示时间在……之后，其区别为：after①.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.②.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.\nbetween/among1)between多指两者之间。如：What'sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间，在……之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意：我们可以说betweenyouandme，但不能说betweenyouandI，因为between是介词。3)between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_______France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.between\nbesides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang（除……之外，还有）全部计算在内WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.（除……之外，不计算在内）—Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema___Kangkang,why?—Becausehehadabadcold.A．ExceptB．besidesC．BesideD．without【解析】except“除……之外”，排除……在外的意思；besides“除……之外”，包含……在内；beside“在…旁边”；without“没有”。根据题意可知用except，故选A。\nover表示与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表示“正下方”。Theskyisoverourheads.天空在我们头顶上。Thecatisunderthetable.那只猫在桌子底下。above表示“在……的上方”，“高于”；below与其相对，表示“在…的下面”，“低于”。Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime，butatnightitwillfallbelowzeroagain.白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。over,above,on\ncross作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与goacross同义。例如：Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时要小心。Cross(Goacross)thebridge,andyouwillseeabigbuiding.过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。cross作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物”的意思。across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思。与cross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。例如：Goacrosstheroad,youwillfindthepostofficeonyourleft.横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。cross，across,through\nthrough是介词，“在...之中，透过”的意思，常与go,walk等动词连用，表示“穿越，横穿”等意思。主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。例如：Thetwofriendswerewalkingthroughtheforest.这两个朋友正沿着森林走。Thesunlightcomesthroughtheglass.阳光透过玻璃。1.Wemust________theroadverycarefully.2.Beforegoing_________theroad,youshouldlookleftfirstandthenright.3.Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.4.Theydrove_______thestreetquickly,butthepolicecaughtthematlast.5.It’sdangeroustoswim________theriver.6.Go_________thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.crossacrossacrossacrossacrossthrough\ninfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.在楼前有一些高树。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老师坐在教室前面infrontof,inthefrontof\nabove\over\on\below\underaboveoverbelowunderonBecareful,thereisaheavybox______yourhead.Thesunis_____themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_______thedesk.Thepositionhepointedtowas_______thesealevel.Thelittlemouseis_____thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.overaboveonabove\belowunder\n表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for＋时间段”或“since＋过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。—Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?你在这座城市待了多久了？—Fortenyears.十年。MrSmithhaslivedheresince1998.史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。since,for\n表示"在……上"时，不是都用"on"，有时须用in。在树上inthetree用于指树上的鸟、人等。onthetree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。在墙上inthewall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。onthewall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在报纸上inthenewspaper用于指报上的内容。onthenewspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。in,on\nbemadeof＋从成品上看得出的材料bemadefrom＋从成品上看不出的原料bemadein＋产地bemadeby＋制造者bemadeupof由…组成，由…构成bemadeinto被制成…ItissaidthatthiskindofclothismadeofsilkanditismadeinChina.据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。Thiswineismadefromgrapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。ThismachineismadebyUncleWang.这机器是王伯伯制造的。Thearticleismadeupoffourparts.这篇文章有四部分组成。Flour（面粉）canbemadeintobread.bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadein、bemadeby、bemadeupof、bemadeinto\nbeusedfordoingsth.=beusedtodosth.意为“被用来做……”。介词for表示用途，后接名词或动词ing形式。beusedby意为“被…使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者(宾语)。beusedas意为“被用作……”，介词as表示“作为”，beusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯于做……”，to是介词。Thestampisusedforsendingletters.邮票是用来邮信的。Englishiswidelyusedbytravellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。Englishisusedasthesecondlanguageinmanycountries.英语在许多国家被当作第二语言。Iamusedtogettingupearlyeverymorning.我习惯早晨早起。beusedfordoingsth、beusedtodosth、beusedby、beusedas、beusedtodoingsth.\n单词拼写:1.Thereare____(超过)sixtystudentsinourclass.2.Fishcan’tlive__________(没有)water.3.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime_________(自从…)wemetlasttime.4.Doyouworryabout__________(他们)?5.Who’s______(值日)dutytoday?6.Haveyoupaid______(付款)thebook?7.Pleaseturn_______(关掉)thelights.8.It’sbadforyourhealthtogotoschool___________(不吃)breakfast.overwithoutsincethemonforoffwithout\n1.Weusuallyhavelunch______noon.2.LinTaowasborn______February18th.3.Annsits_____myright,______Kate'sleft.Shesits___________us.4.Myfatherisleaving______Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_______eachother.atonononbetweenforfrom用适当的介词填空\n6.Theywent_________thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_______ourhands.______theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_____theothers.9.Bekind_____people.Don'tshout_____people.10.Lastmonthheworked_____ateacher_____threeweeks.throughwithAtwithtoatasfor\n1.Hisfatherisveryangry_________himhisstudy.A.at，withB.with，atC.to，aboutD.about，to2.Paperismade_________wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in3.Thebasketisfull_________apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by4.Katecan'tcome.Let'saskweiHuainstead______her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with5.Theheavyrainstoppedme___gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.forBABAB\n6.LiLida'sparentsareveryproud_________theirson.A.toB.inC.forD.of7.Thefoxlookedup_________acocksittingthetree.A.to，inB.at,inC.for，onD.at，on8.Pleasewait_________thebusstopnearmyhome.A.forB.atC.nextD.infront9.Whereisyourbikemade_________?A.inB.fromC.ofD./10.Whentheredlightison，it'sdangeroustogo_____thestreet.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.toDBBDA\n11.Heisrich_____unhappy.A.orB.andC.soD.but12.Takearest______youfinishthework.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while13.Youcan'tpasstheexam,______youstudyhard.A.ifB.ofC.unlessD.and14.______ourteamtriedbest,____wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/15.Don'tgetoff_______thebusstops.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.soDBDCC\n16.Thereisagoodplay______TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in17.Howfarisit____Guangzhou____Beijing?A.from…toB.from…forC.away…to18.Japanlies_____theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.on19.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___towweeks.A.forB.afterC.in20.A:Whattimedidyougettherethismorning?B:____eight.A.InB.AtC.On21.Weallagree_____you.Let’sstartatonce.A.toB.forC.withAAACBC\n22.Myauntarrivedhere____awarmspringmorning.A.inB.atC.on23.A:Whendidyourunclearrive______China?B:HegottoGuangzhou_____themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on24.Hawaiiisfamous_____itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with25.Wemuststopchildrenfrom______withfire.A.playB.playedC.playingCABC\n26.Look,Tinaiswaiting________thebusstop.A．forB．atC．inD．To27.Whatwouldyouliketodo_____suchabadboy?A．withB．onC．atD．in28.Theyoungmanwalked_____theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.A．onB．overC．throughD．across29.Thefood__mycountryisquitedifferent__thathere.A．in;likeB．to;fromC．from;toD．in;from30.Taiwanisabeautifulislandandit's____theeastofFujian.A．inB．onC．toBACDC\n31.—Itissaidthatanewzoowillbebuiltinourtown.—I'm____it.Zoosareterribleforanimals.A．throughB．besidesC．againstD．except32.—Whenwillthepartybeheld?—_____twoweeks'time,____15thJuly.A.In;onB.In;inC.On;onD.At;on33.LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish____chattingwithherAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with34.Youlooktired._____workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.A.AheadofB.InsteadofC.InfrontofD.Inspiteof35.Lastnighthehadabedtosleep______，butIhadonlyachairtosit_____.A.in;onB./;/C.on;inD.in;toACBAB\n36.WhenIgotintotheroom，Suewasbusytalking___thephone.A.withB.onC.toD.in37.—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?—Yes,andpleasegetmesomemilk.Iprefercoffee__milk.A.withB.toC.ofD.on38.Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmile____herface.A.onB.toC.inD.at39.Manyteenagershavehobbies.Butsometimesthesehobbiescanget_____ofschoolwork.A.onthewayB.bythewayC.inthewayD.outoftheway40.—Whyareyoustandingthere,Maggie?—Ican'tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting___me.A.behindB.infrontofC.besideD.nexttoABCAB