初中英语宾语从句详解 4页

宾语从句闯“五”关当一个名词从句用作宾语时，就叫宾从。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式等后面都可以带宾语从句。第一关：引导词展示关1.宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that可省略，尤其是在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：Ithink(that)thecomputerwillhelpusworkouttheproblem.2.特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，由原来的连接代词、连接副词引导。如：Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?3.宾从由一般疑问句改变而来时，用连词whether或if引导，两者都有“是否”的意思，通可以替换。由于它们在句中有一定的意义，虽只起连接作用，不能替代从句中的任何成分，但也不能省略，如：Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillgototheparkthisafternoon.▲特别注意：宾从中引导词的选择是由从句的句子种类决定的。要注意在使用引导词时不能重叠或重复使用。第二关：语序应用关宾从的语序一定要用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语动词在后。▲特别注意：宾从的标点符号，取决于主句的句式，与从句无关。若主句是陈述句，句末用句号，主句是疑问句，句末用问号。第三关：时态照应关使用宾从时，要注意从句时态与主句时态的呼应。1.当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，从句也一定要用过去时的某一种（即一般过去时，过去进行时等过去时态），以保持时态的前后照应。如：HesaidthatitwasverycoldinMoscow.HesaidthathehadbeentoBeijing.2.主句是一般现在时的时候，从句可以用任何时态（看具体情况而定）Iknowthattherewillbeaheavyraintomorrow.Iwanttoknowwhenyouwereborn.3.若宾从表示的是客观真理、自然现象等时，则无论主句用何种时态，从句的谓语动词都要用一般现在时。如：Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.▲特别注意：以Couldyoutellme…?/Wouldyoutellme…?开头的句子，在这里并不是表示过去时态，而是表示客气请求的结构，所以宾从不用过去时。第四关：否定转移关在I.Wethinkthat引导的宾语从句中，其后的宾语从句表示否定，其否定应转移到主句上，这称为“否定转移”Idon’tthink(that)hewillbeabletocome.▲特别提醒：这种否定前移的宾语从句变反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主、谓语要与从句保持一致。第五关：转换“变脸”关英语中一些动词如tell,know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget等都可以接“连接副词+不定式”结构，其意义相当于一个宾语从句。如：Hedidn’tknowwheretofind(=wherehecouldfind)hisfather.Theyforgotwhattheyshoulddo(=whattodo)next.Idon’tknowhowtoimprove(=howIcanimprove)myEnglish.▲特别提醒：用whether不用if的情况1.介词后。E.g.I’mthinkingaboutwhetherIhavemadeanothermistake.2.宾语从句提前时。E.g.Whethertheycancomehereontime,wedon’tknow.3.与ornot连用Whetherornotitrains,he’sgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.4.与不定式连用Ireallydon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.\n练习一、用方框内所给单词填空，每词只能用一次。Where,why,who,when,how,if,that,which,whether,whose1.Pleaseletmeknow___wehaveaschoolfieldtrip.2.Marycan’tremember____sheboughtthebook.3.Tony’sparentshoped____TonycouldstudyEnglishwellthisterm.4.Theteacherasked____picturewasthemostbeautifulinourclass.5.Canyoutellme_____youcametoschoollatetoday?6.Doyouknow____filmtheysawyesterdayevening?7.Myuncleasked____IwouldliketovisittheSummerPalacewithhim.8.Ididn’tknow_____theywerewaitingforoverthere.9.Lindawantstoknow_____ornottheycangocampingonSunday.10.Pleaseshowme_____youdidthemathsproblemyesterday.二、1.——Canyoutellme______?——Sheisinthecomputerlab.A.whereLindawasB.whereisLindaC.WherewasLindaD.whereLindais2.Couldyoupleasetellus____inShanghai?A.whenwillyouvisittheWorldExpoB.whenyouwillvisittheWorldExpoC.whentheWorldExpowillyouvisitD.whentheWorldExpoyouwillvisit3.----David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere,Canyoutellme____?------Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis4.----Doyouknow____theMp4yesterday?------Sorry,I’venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepaidforB.howmuchhepaidforC.hepaidforhowmuchD.hepaidhowmuchfor三、将下列句子变为宾语从句。1.Sallyasked,”whoiscalling?”Sallyasked________calling.2.IaskedTony,“Whyareyousohappy?”IaskedTony_____________sohappy.3.MissBlackasked,“Issheastudentofourschool.”MissBlackasked____________astudentofourschool.\n4.Lucysaid,”TheEarthgoesaroundtheSun.”Lucysaid____theEarth____aroundtheSun.5.Herclassmatesaskedher,“Whereareyoufrom?”Herclassmatesaskedher____________from.四、句型转换。1.Didyouknow?Whatdoesshelikebest?(合并为一句)Didyouknow____she____best?2.Canyoutellme?Haveyoueverseenthisfilm?(同上)Canyoutellme____you____everseenthisfilm?3.Shedoesn’tknowwhatshecandonext.(改为简单句)Shedoesn’tknow____________next.4.Idon’tknowwheretogo.(改为复合句)Idon’tknow________________.5.Tonydidn’tknowwhichT-shirtheshouldchoose.(改简单句)Tonydidn’tknow___________________.6.Theywanttoknowwhentheywillleave.(改简单句)Theywanttoknow______________.7.HewantstoknowhowhecanlearnEnglishwell.(改简单句)Hewantstoknow___________Englishwell.8.TheywonderhowtogettoBeijingquickly.(改为复合句)Theywonder____________________Beijingquickly.9.Theydidn’tknowwheretofindhisfather.=Theydidn’tknow________________hisfather.10.Theyforgotwhattheyshoulddonext.=Theyforgot____________next.五、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Hesayshe____(like)English.2.Hesayshisteam____(score)agoaljustnow.\n3.Hesayshisteam_____(score)5goalssofar.4.Hetellsmehe_____(wait)formeheretomorrow.5.Hetellsmehe_____(watch)TVnow.6.Hesaidhe____(study)Englisheveryday.7.Hesaidhisteam____(score)agoal.8.Hesaidhisteam_____(score)5goalsbythen.9.Hetoldmehe____(watch)TVatthatmoment.10.Hetoldmehe_____(wait)formethenextday.11.Hesaidhe___(be)ateacher12.Hetoldmetheweather____(be)coldinMoscow.13.Mr.Lisaidthemoon____(be)smallerthantheearth.14.Theteachersaidthemoon____(go)aroundtheearthyesterday.15..Mymothertoldmethesun_____(rise升起)intheeastand____(set落下)inthewest.