初中英语近义词辨析1 9页

初中英语近义词辨析1.     clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof2.      family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.3.      sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.4.      photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画.5.      population,peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.6.      road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.7.      custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.8.      exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practicemakesperfect.9.      class,lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;class5.10.  officer,officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer11.  work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob12.  couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers13.  country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.9\n14.  police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.15.  problem,questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用.16.  chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.17.  trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip18.  sport,gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.19.  price,prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprize,Thepriceishigh/low.20.  anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.21.  infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.22.  threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.23.  bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.24.  nextyear,thenextyearnextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.25.  inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.26.  agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?9\n27.  thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacherthedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris28.  inbed,onthebedinbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.29.  inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.30.  inclass,intheclassinclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.31.  asecond,thesecondasecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.32.  it,oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.33.  that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…34.  none,nothing,noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人---Howmany…/Howmuch…?---None.35.  anyone,anyoneanyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou36.  who,whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher37.  what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?38.  other,anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent39.  many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.40.  muchmore…than,manymore…thanmuchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful9\n41.  no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater42.  byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，自动的Thedooropenedofitself.43.  atall,afterallatall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.44.  tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.45.  fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly46.  healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise47.  sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.48.  just,veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman49.  real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory50.  pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.51.  ill,sickill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy52.  good,wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.53.  quiet,silent,stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。9\n54.  hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.55.  almost,nearly二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almost almostnobody56.  late,latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.57.  living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive58.  excited,excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsi*citing.59.  aloud,loudaloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)60.  worth,worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdoneItisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.61.  bad,badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为"很，非常"gobadIneedthebookbadly.62.  beforelong,longbeforebeforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong63.  quite,ratherquite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible64.  happy,gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl65.  instead,insteadofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV. HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.66.  toomuch,muchtootoomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy67.  raise,riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.68.  bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk9\n69.  spend,take,pay,costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend…onsth./indoingsth;take物做主语，花时间;pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱70.  join,joinin,takepartinjoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型的活动,joinsb.in；takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.71.  learn,studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究studytheproblem72.  want,hope,wishwant打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望（通常可以实现），hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望（通常不能实现）wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.73.  discover,invent,findoutdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.74.  answer,replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接toreplytotheletter75.  leave,leaveforleave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.76.  rob,stealrob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb.77.  shoot,shootatshootshootat瞄准，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.78.  drop,falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.79.  search,searchforsearch后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.80.  usedto,beusedtousedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.81.  win,lose,beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem82.  liveon,livebyliveon以…为主食，liveby靠…谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing9\n83.  beat,hit,strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings84.  lose,misslose失去（具体的物体），错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance85.  careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.86.  catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.87.  continue,last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.88.  feed,raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(togivefoodto)，raise饲养，养育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)raisethefamily89.  goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病90.  notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars91.  look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfather92.  gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps93.  diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold94.  divide,separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开dividetheapple,separatethehouses9\n95.  arrive,get,reacharrive不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing96.  grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowing97.  manage,trymanagetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.98.  build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语，建成，putup临时搭建，setup建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool99.  befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.100. agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在…上达成一致意见，主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan101. throwto,throwat　　throwto扔到…,throwat朝…扔Hethrowastoneatme.102. receive,acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.103. wear,puton,dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.104. listen,hear　　listen强调动作，hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.105. look,see,watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watchTV106. lie,lay　　lie躺，位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied)，lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook107. hurt,injure,woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.9\n108. turn,get,growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turnyellow,gettired,growbig9