初中英语常见词辨析 7页

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  • 2022-08-12 发布

初中英语常见词辨析

  • 7页
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1.clothes,cloth,clothing  clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用。apieceof,anarticleof2.incident,accidentincident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故3.amount,numberamount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词4.family,house,homehome家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员。5.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音。Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.6.photo,picture,drawing  photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画7.vocabulary,wordvocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词8.population,peoplepopulation人口,人数,people具体的人。Chinahasalargepopulation.9.weather,climate weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况。Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.10.road,street,path,way  road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径。takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.11.course,subject  course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)asummercourse12.custom,habit  custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing。I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.13.cause,reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用来解释某种现象或  结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate14.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习。Practicemakesperfect.15.class,lesson作“课”解时,两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;Class516.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲,讲课。aseriesoflectureon…17.officer,officialofficer部队的军官,official政府官员。anarmyofficer18.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数agoodjob。19.couple,pair  couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西。apairoftrousers20.country,nation,state,land\n  country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家。Thewholenationwassadatthenews.21.cook,cookercook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.22.damage,damages  damage不可数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages23.police,policeman  police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个具体的警察24.problem,question  problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask,answer连用。25.man,amanman人类,aman一个男人。Manwillconquernature.26.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉。Thechickenisdelicious.27.telegram,telegraph  当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph28.trip,journey,travel,voyage  travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip29.sport,game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则30.price,prize  price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金。winthefirstprize/Thepriceishigh/low.31.anumberof,thenumberof  anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目,谓语动词用单数。32.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的前面。Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.33.oftheday,ofaday oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的,ofaday暂时的,不长久的。afamousscientistoftheday34.threeofus,thethreeofus  threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)35.bybus,onthebus  bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,onthebus表范围。Theywenttherebybus.36.foramoment,forthemoment  foramoment片刻,一会儿,forthemoment暂时,一时。Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.37.nextyear,thenextyear  nextyear明年,将来时间状语,thenextyear第二年,过去将来时间状语。Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.\n38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear  morethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice  takeadvice征求意见,taketheadvice接受忠告。Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40.takeair,taketheair  takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,散步。Wetaketheaireveryday.41.inaword,inwords  inaword总之,一句话,inwords口头上。Inaword,youareright.42.inplaceof,intheplaceof  inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地方。Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.43.insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语44.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩。Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?45.takeachair,takethechair  takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,takethechair开始开会50.inchargeof,inthechargeofInchargeof管理,负责照料,inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter./Thematterisinthechargeofher.51.inclass,intheclass  inclass在课上,intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.52.onfire,onthefire  onfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.53.outofquestion,outofthequestion  outofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不可能的54.asecond,thesecond  asecond又一,再一,thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.55.byday,bytheday  byday白天,bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.56.thepeople,apeople  thepeople指人,apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.57.it,oneit同一物体,one同类不同一物体58.that,this  that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy….59.none,nothing,noone  none强调有多少,nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指物,noone指人60.anyone,anyone\nanyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可接ofanyoneofyou61.who,what who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位62.what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择。Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?63.other,anotherother后接名词复数,another后接名词单数64.notalittle,notabit  notalittle非常,notabit一点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。65.many,much,alotof  many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句。Ihaven'tmanybooks.66.muchmore…than,manymore…than  muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,manymore…than后接可数名词67.no,not no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater68.nomorethan,notmorethan  nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超过69.majority,most  majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可。themajorityofpeople70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself  byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,自动的。Thedooropenedofitself.71.atall,afterall  atall根本,全然,afterall到底,毕竟Afterallheisachild.72.tall,high  tall常指人或动物,high常指物体Heistall.73.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快74.high,highly  high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof75.healthy,healthful  healthy健康的,健壮的,healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy  sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的77.gold,golden  gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金鱼用goldfish,agoldring78.most,mostly  most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,  mostly大部分,是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…79.just,very\n  just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定语theveryman,justtheman80.wide,broad  wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders81.real,true  real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合82.respectful,respectablerespectful尊敬,有礼貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的83.outwards,outward  二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing  pleasant常用作定语,pleased,pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.85.understanding,understandable  understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable可理解的,能够懂的86.close,closely  close接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密地。closelyconnected,standclose87.ill,sick  ill做表语,sick定、表均可asickboy88.good,well  good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.89.quiet,silent,still  quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响90.hard,hardly  hard努力,hardly几乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.91.able,capable  able与不定式todo连用,capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…92.almost,nearly  二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用用。almostalmostnobody93.late,lately  late迟,晚,lately最近,近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.94.living,alive,live,lively  living,alive,live均为活着的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,lively意为活泼的。allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive95.excited,exciting  excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.96.deep,deeply\n  deep具体的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地deeplymoved,digdeep97.aloud,loud  aloud出声地,loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)98.worth,worthy  二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone126.careabout,carefor,careabout关心,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;carefor关心,照料,喜欢,愿意99catchacold,haveacold  catchacold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用,而haveacold可以100.changefor,changeinto  changefor调换成,changeinto变成。Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.101.continue,last  二者均为持续,continue主动,被动均可,last只能用主动102.feed,raise  feed喂养,养活,饲养(togivefoodto),raise饲养,养育(causetogrow,bringupchildrenraisethefamily)103.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor  goforadoctor去请医生,gotoadoctor去看病104.notice,observe,catchsightof  notice注意到,observe观察,仔细地看,catchsightof突然看到observethestars105.insiston,stickto  insiston坚持要求,后常接doing,stickto坚持,后常接sth.,sticktotheplan106.look,seem,appear  look指从外表上看,seem指内心的判断,appear指给人以表面的印象107.gather,collect  gather把分散的东西集中到一起,collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps108.meantodo,meandoing  meantodo打算,想要做某事,meandoing意思是,意味着109.diefrom,dieof  diefrom表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,dieof表示死于疾病,饥饿,寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold110.payfor,payback,payoff  payfor为…付钱,payback还钱,但不一定还清,payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt111.divide,separate  divide把一个整体分成几部分,separate把连在一起的个体分开112.arrive,get,reach  arrive不及物动词,后接in(大地点),at(小地点),get不及物动词后接to,reach\n及物动词113.grow,plant  grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,plant移植,移栽已经长成秧苗的植物。plantthetrees,treesaregrowing114.manage,try  managetodo设法做成了某事,trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功115.choose,select  choose凭个人的判断力进行选择,select有目的地仔细认真地选择choosethebestanswer116.build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语,建成,putup临时搭建,setup建成(内部的设施基本齐全),found国家或组织的建成117.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith  befamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的,befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物。Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.118.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人,agreeto同意某事,agreeon在……上达成一致意见,主语是复数119.throwto,throwat  throwto扔到……,throwat朝……扔Hethrowastoneatme.120.receive,acceptreceive收到某一东西,但不一定接受,accept接受121.wear,puton,dress  wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时,dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作。It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.122.listen,hear  listen强调动作,hear强调结果。Ilistened,butIheardnothing.

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