外研社高中英语选修7全册复习课件 43页

注意：1．词数100左右；2．文中不得提及人名、校名及地名；3．稿件的开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)。AfterclassActivitiesNowadays,afterclassactivitiesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinhighschools.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【精彩美文】AfterclassActivitiesNowadays,afterclassactivitiesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinhighschools.Inourschool,therearevariouskindsofactivities,forexample，artsandsports.Weenjoythemverymuch.Playingfootballandreadingstoriesaremyfavoriteswhichdomelotsofgood.Besidesbuildingmybodyandenrichingmyknowledge，theyalsofreemefromtheheavyworkofstudy.HereIhavesomesuggestions.Tostudents，you'dbetterchoosetheactivitieswhichinterestyouandsuityou；toschools，theyshouldorganizemoreactivitiesforstudentsandleavestudentsmoretimeforactivitiesbygivingthemlesshomework.Dearfriends，pleaseactivelytakepartinafterclassactivities，whichwillnotonlymakeyourschoollifecolorful，butalsoimproveyourlearning.【全品点睛】①行文逻辑：所开展的课外活动及益处→给出建议→发出倡议。较好地使用了连接词，如：besides，notonly…butalso等。②词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：variouskindsof，enrich，free…from，takepartin等。③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：形容词比较级结构：…arebecomingmoreandmorepopular…；动名词短语作主语，which引导的定语从句：Playingfootballandreadingstoriesaremyfavoriteswhichdomelotsofgood.使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，主句为祈使句：…pleaseactivelytakepartinafterclassactivities,whichwillnotonlymakeyourschoollifecolorful,butalsoimproveyourlearning；therebe句型：…therearevariouskindsofactivities等。5.______v．照料；注意，专心；出席，参加→attendeen．参加者→__________n．出席；到场；照看→attendantn．服务员，侍者6．naturen．性质；本性；天性→_______adj.大自然的；天然的；不做作的；天生的→naturallyadv.自然地；天然地；当然7．appointv．任命，委派；指定；约定→___________n．约会；约定；预约；任命8.__________adj.体谅的，考虑周到的→________v．考虑；细想→considerableadj.相当大的；相当多的→considerationn．考虑；思考；体贴；关心9．apologisev．道歉，谢罪→_______n．道歉；歉意Ⅱ.短语检测1．在……历史上　　　　　　　2．把……从某种状况下解救出来\n3．用这样的方式说4．是某人的本性5．如果有必要的话6．占有，占据，拥有7．引起某人注意(某事物)8．根据；以……为基础9．以……命名10．保持纪录11．依靠，依赖Ⅲ.佳句再现1．But___________________hedeservesthetitle.但是毫无疑问他值得拥有这一称号。2．He_________________________playerfivetimes.他五次荣获“最有价值球员”称号。3．You_______________anembarrassingsituation.你让我避免了尴尬的处境。Ⅳ.单元语法Conversionandsuffixes【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)We__________________respectfully.我们理应受到礼遇。(2)AsfarasI’mconcerned，you_________.在我看来，你够资格得到它。2．单项填空IhavedevotedfourweekendstowritingpapersandnowIfeelI________arest.A．deserveB．preserveC．worthyD．receive【解析】A　句意为：我用了四个周末的时间写论文，现在我觉得我理应休息一下。对比四个选项“值得，理应”、“保护，维护，维持”、“值得的”与“收到，接受”，其中worthy是形容词，不能作谓语，只能选deserve。　2　appoint　vt.(toname)任命；(toassignaduty,responsibilityorobligationto)委任；安排；确定(1)appointsb.__　任命某人为……appointsb.todo指派某人做……appointsb.tobe任命某人为……(2)appointmentn.约会，预约；任命，委任；职务keep/breakanappointment准时赴约/失约makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人预约theappointedtime规定时间，约定时间\n【情景记忆】【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Let’s_____________forthemeeting.我们定个时间开会吧。(2)He_______________________thecase.他被委派调查这个案件。(3)MayI___________________?我可以定一个时间见面吗？2．单项填空Wemust________anewteacheratoncetothemountainschool.A．appreciateB．appointC．appealD．approach【解析】B　句意为：我们必须立刻为那所山区学校指派一位老师。对比四个选项“欣赏”，“指派、任命”，“吸引”与“接近”，只有选项B合适。　3　aside　adv.靠一边，站到一边putaside　　　暂不考虑；把……放在一边setaside留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把……置于一旁leaveaside暂且不论；置之不理asidefrom除……外(还有)；除……以外【活学活用】根据语境用上面短语的适当形式填空(1)Tryto________afewhoursaweekforexercise.(2)He_________hisbookandbegantolistentome.(3)__________mathematics，Ihavefinishedmyhomework.　(1)holdtherecord　　　保持纪录holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸holdtheline别挂线holdapost/position/job拥有职位/工作holda(an)opinion/view/belief(1)holdtherecord　　　保持纪录holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸holdtheline别挂线holdapost/position/job拥有职位/工作holda(an)opinion/view/belief持有观点/看法/信念holdone’sinterest/attraction使某人保持兴趣/注意力\n(2)catch/get/take/seizeholdof抓住，拿住，握住(3)hold(theview)that…认为……【活学活用】根据语境选择对应的英语解释a．tohavesomethinginyourhandsorarmsb．tomakesomethingstayinaparticularpositionc．toputorkeepapartofyourbodyinaparticularpositiond．tobestrongenoughtosupporttheweightofsomethingorsomeonee．tohaveaparticularopinionorbelieff．tohaveaparticularjoborposition，especiallyanimportantoneg．tohavethespacetocontainaparticularamountofsomething(1)Careful!I’mnotsurethatbranchwillholdyou.__(2)Expertsholdvaryingopinionsastothecausesofthedisease.__(3)Remembertoholdyourheadupandkeepyourbackstraight.__(4)Couldyouholdmybagforme?__(5)Iwillholdthedooropen.__(6)Ihaveheldthepositionfor5yearswithoutbeingpromoted._(7)Theplaneholdsabout300passengers.__5　typical　adj.典型的；有代表性的(1)typicallyadv.　　　代表性地；典型地；往往，一向，通常(2)betypical(of)典型的，一向如此的【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)It’snot_________himtobesocritical.他平常不是那么挑剔。(2)________,mothersworryabouttheirchildren.母亲总爱挂念自己的子女。2．单项填空Ahighlyorganizedsystemofirrigationis________Chineseagriculture.A．typicalofB．consistentwithC．famousforD．subjectto【解析】A　句意为：灌溉系统组织严密是中国农业的典型特点。对比四个选项：typicalof特有的，典型的；consistentwith与……一致，与……相符合；famousfor因……而著名；subjectto由……决定的，取决于……的；只有A符合句意。6.　defendv.防守；保卫，保护；捍卫，维护；为…辩护(1)defendsb./sth.(from/against…)保护某人/某物（免遭…）(2)defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护（3）indefenseof为了保卫；辩护；拥护defend:指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭，也可指为某人或论点辩护。guard:指为了保证安全而站立守卫，含有警惕之意，意为“保卫；警卫，看守”。protect:指借助某种东西作为防御、保护工具，使人或物免受伤害。\n【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Thedog________thechilddayandnight.狗日夜守护着那个孩子。(2)He________hishandsfromthecoldwithgloves.他用手套保护手不受冻。(3)Oursoldiersaredeterminedto_______theislandagainstinvasion.7.instantadj.立刻的，立即的；（食品等）速食的n.瞬间，刹那(1)aninstantreply/response立即回答(2)instantcoffee/noodles速溶咖啡/方便面（3）inaninstant立即，马上（4）theinstant(=instantly=assoonas)一…就（5）foraninstant片刻；一瞬间【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Then,_____________,themoonwentblack.然后，在这一瞬间，月亮变成了黑色。(2)______________Isawhim,Iknewhewasthemanthepolicewerelookingfor.我一看到他就确信他正是警方在寻找的那个人。(3)Just_________________Ithoughthewasgoingtorefuse.刹那间我以为他会拒绝。8.commitv.犯（错误，罪行）；使承担义务，保证；答应，承诺；调拨（1）commitacrime/mistake犯罪/错(2)commitoneself(todoingsth.)答应（做某事）；承诺（做某事）（3）commitsth.tosth.拨出某物供某事使用，调拨（4）commitmenttosth.对某事的承诺/忠诚/奉献/辛劳【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Thecompany_________mostofitsprofits______buildingnewfactories.公司拨出大部分利润建造新工厂。真题链接：Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig__________,butIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.(2011湖北，22)A.projectB.commitmentC.competitionD.ambition【活学活用】(1)It’sfairlyrisky.Or___________________(＝sayitindifferentwords)，don’ttrythisathome.相当冒险，或者换句话说，不要在家里尝试。(2)Williamwas—________________—notveryattractive.\n威廉——我该怎么说呢——不太讨人喜欢。【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Hewenttothebadmintonclub________duringhisschooldays.他上学时有时到羽毛球俱乐部去。(2)______________shouldyougiveuphope.【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Thematterwasfirst__________________________earlierthisyear.今年较早时，我第一次注意到这个问题。(2)Hecanalways_______________________listeningattentivelyinclass.他在课堂上总能专心于听课。【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)______________________，Mum.Everythingwillturnouttobeallright.妈妈，没必要担心。一切都会变好的。(2)_______________________Bobcanwinthefirstplaceinthecompetition.鲍勃不可能在竞赛中赢得第一。2．单项填空Thereisnodoubt________manwillconquernaturesomeday.A．whether　B．havebeen　C．which　D．that【解析】D　Thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问……，为固定句型。Ⅱ.选词填空getaccustomedto，nameafter，makeanappointmentwith，setaside，considerateof1．Itwas_____________younottoplaythepianowhileIwashavingasleep.2．I’ve________________________themanagernextweek.3．Youwillsoon_________________theclimatehere.4．Thebaby_______________itsfather,givenitsfather’slastname.5．Theirgovernmenthas________thosedecrees(法令)．Ⅲ.单项填空1．[2010·江西卷]Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicencereached200,000，a(n)of40,000peryear.A．averageB．numberC．amountD．quantity【解析】A　本题考查名词辨析。此处表示“平均每年40,000毕业生(拿到驾照)”。average\n平均；number数字；amount金额，数量；quantity数量。2．Jackislateagain.Itis________ofhimtokeepotherswaiting.A．normalB．ordinaryC．commonD．typical【解析】D　本题考查形容词辨析。normal正常的；ordinary普通的；common常见的；typical典型的，代表性的。只有D项符合题意。例如：It'stypicalofhimtotakehardjobs.勇挑重担是他的特点。3．Youhavetobeafairlygoodspeakerto________listeners'interestforoveranhour.A.holdB．makeC．improveD．receive【解析】A　本题考查动词辨析。句意为：为了使听众的兴趣持续一个多小时，你必须做一个好的演讲者。holdone'sinterest/attention，使某人的兴趣或注意力不减。4.—Hello，mayIhaveanappointmentwiththedoctor?—________A．Sorry，heisbusyatthemoment.B．Whydidn'tyoucallearlier?C．Certainly.MayIknowyourname?D．Sorry，hedoesn'twanttoseeyou.【解析】C　本题考查交际用语。病人想预约就医，所以护士说“Certainly.MayIknowyourname？”其他几种回答都不符合语境。5．Wedon'twantto________himaschairmanofthemeeting.Heisnotfitfortheposition.A．consider　B．pick　C．refer　D．appoint【解析】D　本题考查动词辨析。句意为：我们不想任命他为会议的主席。他还不适合这个职位。consider认为；当作(considersb.assth.)；pick选择；挑选(picksth.fromsth.)；refer提交，交付(refersth.tosb.)；appoint委派，任命(appointsb.assth.)。根据题意和这四个词的结构，只有D项最为合适。6．Shetakes________interestintheeconomicreforminChina.A．considerableB．conventionalC．considerateD．conservative【解析】A　本题考查形容词辨析。句意为：她对中国的经济改革怀有极大的兴趣。considerable意为“相当的，可观的”；conventional意为“惯例的；常规的”；considerate意为“体贴的”；conservative意为“保守的，慎重的”。只有A符合题意。7．—IsPeterthere?—________，please.I'llseeifIcanfindhimforyou.A．HoldupB．HoldonC．HoldoutD．Holdoff\n【解析】B　本题考查动词短语辨析。holdup意为“阻挡，举起”；holdon意为“稍等；别挂断(电话)”；holdout意为“伸出”；holdoff意为“不接近；拖延”。根据句意知B项正确。8．—IhearJohnsonwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.—________，let'sgoandseehim.A．IfsoB．WheneverpossibleC．IfanyD．What'smore【解析】A　ifso如果是这样的话。9．Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt________acureforAIDSwillbefound.A．which　B．that　C．what　D．whether【解析】B　本题考查“thereisnodoubtthat…”句型。10．Governmentofficialsclearly________someoftheblameaswellfortheaccident.A．demandB．deserveC．declareD．define【解析】B　本题考查动词辨析。demand需要，要求；deserve应该得到，应受；declare宣称，宣布；define界定，下定义。句意为：很明显，对这一事故政府官员也应受到一定的指责。5．attractv．吸引→________adj.有吸引力的→attractionn．吸引力；吸引6．activityn．活动→______adj.积极地；活跃的→_______adv.活跃地；活泼地；积极地→actionn．行为；行动；作用；影响7.______n．能力；本领；技能→____adj.能；能干的→ablyadv.能干地；巧妙地8．traditionn．传统→__________adj.传统的9．decorationn．装饰物→_________v．装饰；装潢；装修Ⅱ.短语检测1．回顾；回忆　　　　　　　2．课外活动3．玩得开心4．参加学校旅游5．就我而言6．被看作；被认为是……7．赶快开始；赶快行动8．完成；结束9．这取决于你10．在……和你观点相同Ⅲ.佳句再现1._____________________thatinafewdays’timeI’llbewalkingoutoftheschoolgatesforever.想想过几天我就要永远走出校门了，似乎有一种别样的感觉。2.___________________________，studentsshowtheirspecialtalents，theirabilityto\nlead，andtheirabilitytogetonwithothers.通过参加这些活动，学生们展示自己的特殊才能、领导能力和与他人相处的能力。3.____________________isanopportunity____________manydifferentkindsofoutdooractivities，forexample，horseridingandwaterskiing.这些营地所提供的就是参加诸如骑马、划水这样的各种各样的户外活动机会。4．EverydayI___________mymailbox,________________mymummy’sairmailletter.每天我都去查看邮箱，盼望着妈妈的航空来信。Ⅳ.单元语法Predicativeclausesandsubjectclauses【活学活用】根据语境选择与settle对应的英语释义a．makeone’shomeinaplaceb．toputyourselforsomeoneelseinacomfortablepositionc．(causesb./sth.to)becomecalm，composedorrelaxedd．toendanargumentorsolveadisagreement；toarrangesth.finallyorsatisfactorily；todealwithsth.(1)Hehadbeenquiteanxious，butImanagedtosettlehismind.__(2)Afteryearsoftravel，wedecidedtosettlehere.__(3)HesettledhimselfonthesofatowatchTV.__(4)HehadtosettlehisaffairsinParisbeforehecouldreturnhome.__　　2　upset　vt.使(某人)心烦意乱，使心情不好；打翻，碰倒adj.不高兴的；失望的；沮丧的n．困扰；麻烦；失望beupset______对……苦恼upsetone’sstomach使肠胃不适【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)I_______________whenIdon’tgetanymail.我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。(2)He_________________.他打翻了一瓶墨水。(3)Trynottogettoo___________it.尽量不要过于为此烦恼。2．单项填空Everythingfromgreetingtoeatingcanbeanopportunitytodothewrongthing,andnotonlyembarrassyourself,but________yourhost.A.scareB．upsetC．teaseD．blame【解析】B　句意为：无论是问候还是吃饭时(等待人接物的礼仪中)，我们都有可能犯错误，这不仅仅使你自己尴尬不已，也会使主人恼火。对比四个选项“恐吓、吓唬”，“使……恼火”，“嘲笑”与“责备”，可知只有upset符合题意。\n　3　suit　v.合适；适合；相配；合心意n.套装（1）suitsb.(fine)(很)合某人的意，对某人（很）合适（2）suityourself随你的便；按你自己的意愿行事(3)besuitedto/forsth.对...适宜(4)besuitedtodosth.适于做某事(5)besuitedfor适合...(6)besuitedtodosth.适合去做某事【活学活用】1．根据语境用look短语的适当形式填空(1)Iliketo_________atmychildhood.(2)HespenttwoweeksinShanghai,_____________________thecity.(3)Weare_________________hearingfromyousoon.(4)Theyall______________himasamemberoftheirfamily.(5)He______________hisnotesbeforewritingthereport.(6)Youmust_______thetimeofyourtrain.2．单项填空“Goodbye,then，”hisbosssaid,withouteven________fromhisnewspaper.A．lookingdownB．lookingawayC．lookingoutD．lookingon【解析】B　句意为：“再见”，他的老板说，甚至没有从报纸上移开目光。对比四个选项“小看、轻视”，“把目光从……移开”，“小心”及“旁观”可知答案B符合句意。　2　havefun玩得开心（1）havefundoingsth.做某事很开心（2）forfun为了好玩(3)makefunofsb.嘲弄某人，开某人的玩笑Soitiswith………情况也是如此。betrueof/for……也如此。……情况也适用。Itisthesamewith………也如此。(2)So＋主语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词．的确如此。(表示说话者对前者所说信息的肯定与赞同)。如：—Ourteacherhadaheadacheyesterday.—Sohedid.“我们老师昨天头疼。”“他的确如此。”【活学活用】(1)Yousayheisdiligent;_______.你说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋。(2)—Doyouknowwhathappenedtohim?\n—Idon’tknow，and___________________.“你知道他发生什么事了吗？”“不知道，也不想知道。”(3)Peterlikesswimming;_________________.彼得喜欢游泳，他哥哥也喜欢。Ⅱ.选词填空inone’sopinion，inotherwords，introducemeto，lookback，drawattentionto1．Ateacherofbotanicalscience_______________mypassionforflowersandplants.2．Meanwhile，Ifindmyself___________atmysenioryear，andthinkingaboutallthewonderfulthingsthathavehappened.3．Aheadlineonthefrontpage________________thefullerstoryinside.4._____________andintheopinionofmostpeople,itisaverysoundinvestment.5._____________,noneofuscangotothemovie.Ⅲ.单项填空1．[2010·江苏卷]Thousandsofforeignerswere______totheShanghaiWorldExpothedayitopened.A．attendedB．attainedC．attractedD．attached【解析】C　本题考查动词辨析。beattractedto表示“被吸引到……”，attend(参加)，attain(获得、到达)，attach(粘贴、附属)，均不符合语境，故排除。2．—Puttingonahappyfacenotonlyhelpsusmakefriendsbutalsomakesusfeelbetter.—_______.A．I'dlovetoB．I'mwithyouonthatC．It'suptoyouD．It'smypleasure【解析】B　本题考查交际用语。I'mwithyouonthat表示“在这一点上我赞同你的观点”。3．Wouldyouplease________thepaperformeandseeifthereareanyobviousmistakes?A．lookaroundB．lookintoC．lookupD．lookthrough【解析】D　本题考查动词短语辨析。该句意思是“请你为我检查一下论文看是否有明显的错误”。lookthrough可表示“检查，浏览”之意。lookaround环顾；lookinto调查；lookup抬头看，查阅。4．Blue________you.Youshouldwearitmoreoften.A．suitsB．fitsC．comparesD．matches【解析】A　本题考查动词辨析。suit(颜色、样式等)适合；fit(大小等)适合；compare比较；match相匹配，相称。5．Mymorning________includesjoggingintheparkandreadingnewspapersoverbreakfast.\nA．drillB．actionC．regulationD．routine【解析】D　本题考查名词辨析。routine惯例；惯常的程序。句意为：我早上的惯例是去公园慢跑以及边吃早餐边看报纸。6．IfJoe'swifewon'tgototheparty,________.A．hewilleitherB．neitherwillheC．heneitherwillD．eitherhewill【解析】B　本题考查neither引导的倒装句。表示“后者也不……”用“neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”。7.________asthe“firstladyofspeech”，DrLillianGlassisrecognizedasoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsoncommunicationskills.A．KnowingB．HavingknownC．KnownD．Tobeknown【解析】C　本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意及句子结构可知，句子的主语DrLillianGlass实际上就是选项动词的主语，相当于“Assheisknownas…”引导的原因状语从句，为被动结构，故选过去分词known。8．Oneofthebestwaysforpeopletokeepfitisto________healthyeatinghabits.A．growB．developC．increaseD．raise【解析】B　本题考查动词搭配。develop…habits养成……习惯。9．—Iwillpickyouupatfiveo'clock.—________A．That'sallright.B．It'ssettled.C．Noproblem.D．Iwill.【解析】B　本题考查交际用语。B表示“就这么定了”。A表示“不用谢或没关系”。C表示“没问题”。D则可用于对祈使句的肯定回答。第三段：进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。写作时应遵循以下几个步骤：1．仔细审题，明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事理的主要特征。2．选择合理的说明顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序)分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。3．选择恰当的说明方法，比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，注意不要遗漏主要内容。4．根据说明顺序及内容确定过渡词和恰当的句型结构。文字应客观、简洁、明了，不要追求华丽和加入太多个人观点。(5)Alongtheroadarelinesoftrees,fromwhichstudentscanfindshadefromthehotsun.(6)Awalkaround…isafeastforthemindaswellastheeye.\n(7)Onyourleftliesa…，withallkindsof…init.(8)Nexttothedooragainstthewallthereisa…，inwhichwesittowatchTVeveryevening.2．说明事物的特点或优势常用语：(1)…isanewkindof…producedby…，whichis…(2)Madeof…，itislight,small,andeasytocarry.(3)…containingmuchtopandnewtechnique…isfamousforitsexcellentqualityandreasonableprice.(4)Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistoryandmuchpopulation.(5)Itisrichinnaturalresourcessuchascoalandgoldandhasmildweather.(6)Builtinthe16thcentury,thecastlehaswitnessedtoomuchcomingandgoinginhistory.3．说明做某事的具体方法常用语：(1)Nowadaysitiscommontouse…，butnotknowinghowtouse…(2)Asisknowntoall,itisimportantto…(3)Withthedevelopmentof…，thereisanincreasingneedforpeopletoknowhowto…(4)Thereareseveralstepstofollow./Herearesometips.(5)Thefirstthingtodoisto…(6)Although…isimportant,butwithout…，alltheeffortsyouhavemadewillbeinvain.(7)Toensuresuccess,thereisonemorethingthatyoumustbearinmind,thatis…(8)Withthehelpoftheabovemethods,youwillachieveyourgoalsoon.4．说明文格式模板：模板(1)　　模板(2)　　【活学活用】上海至南京的城际高铁(theintercityhigh－speedtrain)于2010年7月1日开通。请您简要描述以下两张图片的内容。列举人们对高铁开通的不同看法(至少两点)，并谈一谈您的个人观点。要求：1．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。2．词数：150词左右。短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。3．文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。OnJuly1st,Chinaopenedtheintercityhigh－speedtrainbetweenShanghaiandNanjing.______________________________________________________【参考范文】OnJuly1st,Chinaopenedtheintercityhigh－speedtrainbetweenShanghaiandNanjing.Ittakesaboutseventy－fiveminutesfromNanjingtoShanghaionthehigh－speedtrain.Passengersenjoysafeandcomfortableserviceduringthewholejourney.Comparedwithotherformsoftransportation,thehigh－speedtrainhasmanyadvantages.It\nprovideshigherspeedoftravelforitsusers.Inaddition,ithelpssharetheburdenofothertransportsystems.Lastbutnotleast,thehigh－speedtrainservicecontributestohelpingboosteconomy,tourismandtheexchangebetweentheprosperouscitiesalongtheline.Howevernoteveryonethinkshighlyofthehigh－speedtrain.Firstly,theticketpricewillbeabout50percenthigherthanthefareforthe“D”trainsalongthesameroute,whichistooexpensiveforordinarywage－earners.Secondly,mostofthemaredesignedtomakestopsateverystation,socoveringthewholedistancewilltakenearlytwohours.Inmyopinion,thehigh－speedtraincanbedescribedasafast,safe,comfortableandenvironmentally－friendlymeansoftransportation.Itwillbemorebeneficialtothedevelopmentofourcity.【精彩美文】SeniorHighSchoolStudents'ExtracurricularReadingArecentsurveysuggeststhatseniorhighschoolstudents'extracurricularreadingvariesfromgradetograde.Onaverage,Grade1studentsspendsevenhoursperweekreading,Grade2fourhoursandGrade3twohours.Itoccurstomethatthedistinctionamongstudentsindifferentgradesmusthavesomethingtodowiththeincreasinghomeworkandpressure.Asaresult,studentshavetospendmuchmoretimepreparingfortests,whichleadsthemtothelossoftheirawarenessoftheimportanceofreading,aswellasstealstheirpassion.Inmyopinion,bothparentsandschoolsshouldcreateabetterenvironmenttoincreasestudents'readingtime.Forexample,parentscanreadtogetherwithchildrenonweekendsandschoolsencouragestudents'readingbyreducingschoolwork.【全品点睛】①行文逻辑：描述现状→分析原因→简短评论。较好地使用了连接词语，如：asaresult，aswellas，inmyopinion等。②词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：varyfrom…to…，onaverage，awareness，encourage等。③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：宾语从句：…thatseniorhighschoolstudents'extracurricularreadingvariesfromgradetograde；it作形式主语的主语从句：Itoccurstomethatthedistinctionamongstudentsindifferentgrades…；非限制性定语从句：…whichleadsthemtothelossoftheirawarenessoftheimportanceofreading…6._________v．分发，分配，分送→distributionn．分发；分配7._____n．烟雾→smoken．烟v．吸烟；冒烟→fogn．雾8.__________n．挨饿，饿死→starvev．饿死；使挨饿9.___________v．积累→accumulationn．积累10.___________v．完成(任务等)，取得(成功)→accomplishedadj.完成了的；竣工的→accomplishmentn．完成11.________adj.铤而走险的；绝望的；极度渴望的→__________adv.拼命地，绝望地→desperationn．拼命，不顾一切Ⅱ.短语检测\n1．因……而发狂　　　　　　　2．盯着……看，凝视3．精心挑选；认出来；辨认出来4．紧紧抓住5．以……声音(说)6．张贴告示7．刚一……就8．突然抱住某人9．使人伤心10．犯了罪11．感到自在12．没有利害关系的；不重要的13．仅仅因为这个原因Ⅲ.佳句再现1．Eachboywas_______onebowlofsoupandnomore,____________________________hewasgivenanother60gramsofbread.每个孩子只可分得一碗粥，绝不多给，除非是特别的节日，他们才可以另外再分到60克的面包。2.Thebowlsnever_______________,astheboyscleanedthemwiththeirspoons,___________everybitofsoup.粥碗从来用不着洗，孩子们非用汤匙把碗刮得重又明光铮亮了才住手，试图吃掉每一点粥。3．Whenthey___________theirbowlsinthisway，they_________________thepotwitheagereyes，asiftheywantedtoeatit.他们这样把碗刮干净以后，就会坐在那里，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚里。4.________atleastthirtysecondshadpassed,_______________________.至少过了三十秒钟，这个男人才说出话来。5._____________theboyspokenthesewordsthanthewardenhithimontheheadwiththesoupspoon.孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。【活学活用】(1)Breakfast________until9am.早点供应到九点。(2)Therewasonlyonegirl_________________.只有一个女孩在接待顾客。(3)Thesofahadto_______abed.那个沙发不得不当床用。　2　seizevt.抓住，捉住；夺取(＋on/upon)；没收,查封,扣押seizeachance/anopportunity　抓住机遇seizesth.fromsb.从某人手中抢去某物seizesb.bythearm/collar抓住某人的手臂/衣领\nseizepower夺取政权【易混辨析】catch，grasp和seize(1)catch(togetholdofandstopanobjectsuchasaballthatismovingthroughtheair；tosuddenlytakeholdofsomeoneorsomethingwithyourhand)普通用语，意为“设法抓住，捉住”。(2)grasp(totakeandholdsth.firmly)意为“牢牢地抓住”。(3)seize(totakeholdofsth.suddenlyandviolently)意为“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”。【活学活用】根据语境选用catch,grasp或seize的适当形式填空(1)She______theletterfrommeandbegantoread.(2)I________hisarmfirmlyandledhimaway.(3)—Passmethatpen，wouldyou?—Hereyouare._______　3　intend　vt.想要，打算；计划(1)intentionn．　　　意图intentionaladj.故意的；有意的(2)intendthat/doing/todosth.　打算做某事beintendedfor＝bemeantfor专为……而设计；专供……使用hadintended(that)/todo＝intendedtohavedone本来打算做(但没能做)intendnoharm＝meannoharm不是有意要伤害havenointentionofdoingsth.无意/不打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事2．单项填空Thebook________foradultsisnotsuitableforteenagerstoread.A．providedB．intendedC．providingD．intending【解析】B　本句中的结构“…foradults”作名词book的后置定语，因此用过去分词。句意为：为成人设计的图书不适合青少年阅读。intendedfor意思为“为……而设计的”。　【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)I___________________theearlytrain，butIgotuplate.我本来打算赶早班的火车，但是我起晚了。(2)Heintends___________.(＝Hedoesnotplantoharmyou.)他对你并无恶意。4　reward　n．报酬；酬金；(theofferofmoneyforhelpingtofindacriminalorforreturninglostproperty)奖赏(for)vt.报答，报偿；酬谢；奖励give/offerarewardtosb.forsth.为某事而给某人报酬inrewardof为酬谢...作为奖励asarewardfor作为（以某事的）报酬/奖赏\n【易混辨析】award和reward这两个词都可以用作名词和动词，作名词时，意义相近，但不是同义词。(1)作名词时，award的意思是“奖品、奖金”，其义与prize近似，两者都指因为做出杰出成就而受奖。而reward作名词时，其意为“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬。如：TheOlympicwinnerreceivedagoldmedalasanaward.奥林匹克获胜者获得一枚金牌作为奖品。Wewillofferarewardoftenthousanddollarsforinformationaboutthecase.如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万美元赏金。(2)用作动词时，award的意思是“授予、颁发、判给”，常用搭配：awardsb.sth./awardsth.tosb.；reward则表示“报答、酬谢”之意，常用搭配：rewardsb.(withsth.)forsth.。如：HewasawardedthefirstprizeforOutstandingIndustrialDesign.他获得了“杰出工业设计”一等奖。Youshouldrewardthemaccordingtotheirdeserts.你应该对他们论功行赏。【活学活用】根据语境用reward或award的适当形式填空(1)Isthathowyou______meformyhelp?(2)Shewas________amedalforbravery.(3)Asa_______forpassingherexams，shegotanewbikefromherfather.　5　hang　v．悬挂，悬垂(hang—hung—hung);(tobekilledbyhanging)吊死，绞死(hang—hanged—hanged)hang_________________　　闲逛，闲荡hangon(＝holdon)等等；坚持下去hangon(tosth.)＝holdon(tosth.)紧紧抓住，不放弃hangup(onsb.)挂断某人的电话hangone’shead因羞愧等垂下头【活学活用】(1)Aclock______onthewall.墙上挂着一个钟。(2)Thisisnotmyjacket.Mine__________behindthedoor.这不是我的夹克，我的在门后面挂着呢。(3)Idon’tliketoseeyou_______________________withhim.我不喜欢看着你和他出去闲逛。(4)He______________Icouldfinish.我没说完他就挂了电话。　\n6　rough　adj.粗糙的；粗暴的；粗略的；(日子)难过的；犯罪率高的(1)roughlyadv.　　　粗略地，大致地；粗暴地roughlyspeaking大概说来(2)havearoughtime过得艰难【活学活用】(1)Icanonlygiveyoua______estimateofthecost.我只能给你粗略地估计一下费用。(2)Soundslikeyouhad___________.听起来你今天好像很不顺。(3)_________________________,weneedabout$500.大概说来，我们需要大约500美元。【易错警示】以上短语中的to是介词，后面要加名词或动名词，不要误用为不定式。短语fixone’sattentionon中，如果attention作主语或逻辑主语，fix要用被动语态或过去分词形式。如：Allhisattentionwasfixedonthepaintingonthewall.【活学活用】(1)Itisatoughjobto__________asmallchild’sattention.要保持小孩子的注意力不是件易事。(2)Wemustpayattentionto_________________________________________________.我们必须要注意环境保护。(3)Thearticleisintendedto____________________therisingunemployment.这篇文章是要引起人们对日益增长的失业率的关注。(4)Withallhisattention_______thepainting,hedidn’tnoticemecomein.他所有的注意力都集中在了画上，没有注意到我进来。句型公式部分倒装(1)Notuntil…＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语＋句子其他部分“直到……才……”(2)Nosoonerhad＋主语＋done…＋than＋句子(用一般过去时)[＝Hardlyhad＋主语＋done…＋when＋句子(用一般过去时)]“刚刚……就……”【活学活用】(1)Notuntiltwodayslater___________Ihaddonewrongtohim.直到两天以后我才意识到冤枉了他。(2)________________________thanheregretted.他刚说完就后悔了。\nⅡ.选词填空holdonto,disagreewith,makemoney,inastonishment,bedesperatefor1．Theyheardhimgivealoudshout_______________.2．Themanlostinthedesert_______________waterafterfourdays.3．He__________thetabletosupporthimselfwhenheheardthenews.4．Ido____________Philonmanythings.5．Iamgoingtoteachuntilmysoncan___________.Ⅲ.单项填空1．—Sorry，Ihaveto　　　　now.It'stimeforclass.—OK，I'llcallbacklater.A．hangupB．breakupC．giveupD．holdup【解析】A　本题考查动词短语辨析。由答语的“callbacklater”可以看出：本题创设的语境是打电话。所以只有hangup“挂断(电话)”符合语境。2．ItwassodarkinthecinemathatIcouldhardly________myfriend.A．turnoutB．bringoutC．calloutD．pickout【解析】D　本题考查动词短语辨析。pickout辨认出；turnout结果是；bringout出版，推出，使显出；callout出动，召集，大声叫喊。3．Seeingthedrowningboy，hetookoffhiscoatand________himselfintothewater.A．jumped　B．threw　C．pushed　D．struggled【解析】B　throw意为“使身体或身体的某一部位突然做出某一动作”，在此句中表示“迅速跳入水中”。jump是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语。4．Mum________tous，“Bequiet!Yourlittlesister'ssleeping.”A．whisperedB．shoutedC．explainedD．replied【解析】A　本题考查动词辨析。whisper悄悄地说，低语。5．Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerhisquestions.Youmaybe________intogivingawayvitalinformation.A．caughtB．capturedC．seizedD．trapped【解析】D　句意为：回答他的问题前要三思，你也许会上当从而泄露重要信息。trapsb.intodoingsth.意为“使某人陷入圈套；使陷于困境”。catch意为“捉住，捕获，逮住”；capture意为“俘虏；捕获”；seize意为“抓住”。catch和capture辨析：catch指需要积极追寻，或采取一定的方法来抓住。capture指需要采取一定的计谋、技巧甚至武力，克服抵抗才能抓到或夺到。6．Itiswidelyacceptedthatbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto________.A．rewards　B．prizes　C．awards　D．results\n【解析】A　本题考查名词辨析。句意为：人们普遍认为，婴儿之所以学会做事是因为某些行为会得到奖赏。7．Notonlytheprofessionalsbutalsotheamateurswill________fromthenewtrainingfacilities.A．derive　B．acquire　C．benefit　D．reward【解析】C　benefitfrom…从……中受益。句意为：不仅专业人士，而且业余者也能从这套新的训练设施中受益。8．Thepicture________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A．havinghungB．hangingC．hangsD．beinghung【解析】B　考查非谓语动词。该题中hang为不及物动词，此处意为“悬挂”，表示悬挂的状态。而D项更强调动作，所以不合适。句意为：挂在墙上的这幅画是我侄子画的。9．________gotonthetrainwhenitbegantomove.A．NosoonerhadIB．IhadnosoonerC．HardlyhadID．Ihardlyhad【解析】C　本题考查倒装句型。注意句型“hardly…when…”和“nosooner…than…(一……就……)”的用法。10．Themediacanoftenhelpsolveproblemsand________attentiontosituations________helpisneeded.A．take;whichB．draw;whereC．pay;thatD．draw；/【解析】B　句意为：媒体能够经常帮助解决问题，并且把注意力吸引到需要帮助的地方。drawattentionto是“吸引注意力到……”，helpisneeded是作名词situations的定语从句，因此用关系副词where引导。4．consultantn．顾问→_______v．商量，商议；查看；顾及→consultationn．商量，会议，会诊5．devotev．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等→________n．献身；忠诚；热爱；专心→_______adj.挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的6._________adj.令人耳目一新的→refreshv．使清新；使恢复活力7._________adj.幽默的→humorn．幽默Ⅱ.短语检测1．编(歌曲、故事等)　　　2．厌烦了3．利用4．而不是5．尝试6．有幸\n7．完全不8．出版9．专注，对……专一10．给某人留下印象11．遵守；坚持，不偏离12．在最后期限之前完成13．即便如此Ⅲ.佳句再现1．I____________________________________bydishonestmeans.我宁可安于贫穷，也不愿用不当手段赚钱。2.____________Iheardit,Iknewitwasacompletelynewkindofmusic.我一听，就知道这是一种全新的音乐。3．He_________________tohisjob.他把全部时间都用在了工作上。4．Shutthewindow._________,it’llgettoocoldintheroom.把窗户关好，否则，屋子里太冷了。Ⅳ.单元语法Adverbialclausesoftimeandellipses【活学活用】(Thenumberofrobberiesintheareais______________________.这一地区的抢劫案在减少。(2)Iinvitedhertojoinus,_______________.我邀请她加入我们，可是她婉言谢绝了。词语辨析：decline=refusepolitely主语只能是人refuse语气比decline重，主语可以是人也可以是物。一般指否决、不予接受（建议、提议、想法和要求等。）reject比语气更重，指坚决、果断、坦率地拒绝，意为“抛弃；拒收；不采纳”　2　devote　vt.为……付出时间(努力、金钱)等；献(身)；贡献(1)devotedadj.忠诚的；全心全意的(2)devotionn.奉献；忠诚；专心(3)devoteoneself(one’slife/time/energy/money)to/bedevotedto…致力于，献身于，(把某人的生命/时间/精力)献给；对……热爱/挚爱【易错警示】devote后的to为介词，后面要加名词或动名词；当devote后没有宾语时，要考虑用其被动语态或过去分词形式。【活学活用】\n1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Hedevotedallhislife___________disabledchildren.他一生都致力于教育残疾儿童。(2)__________hisresearch，healmostforgoteverythingabouthimself.他一心扑在研究上，几乎忘记了自己的一切。(3)Hewasstill_________thestudyofchemistry.他仍专心致力于化学研究。2．单项填空Thedevelopedcountriesdecidedto________somemoneytosupportingworldeconomicgrowth.A．collectB．spendC．devoteD．pay【解析】C　本题考查动词辨析。句意为：发达国家决定花费一些金钱支持世界经济的发展。collect收集；spend花费，用于spend…(in)doing/onsth.结构；pay常用于paymoneyforsth.结构；devote…to意思为“为……付出”。　3　quit　v．离开；辞去；戒掉；(toputanendtoastateoranactivity)停止quitdoingsth.放弃/停止做某事【活学活用】(1)I’ve___________________.我戒烟了。(2)Weonlyjuststarted.____________________now.我们才刚开始，现在不会放弃。　　4　pace　n．速度；步法；步调；(thedistancecoveredbyastep)一步____pacewith　　　与……步调一致，跟上thepaceoflife生活节奏atone’sownpace以适合自己的速度【活学活用】(1)Iprefertherelaxed__________inthecountry.我喜欢乡村轻松的生活节奏。(2)Childrenlearnbestbystudying_______________.孩子们以自己的节奏学习能学得最好。(Thesupplyofmaterialscannot_____________demand.材料的供应赶不上需求。　5　otherwise　adv.用别的方法;其它方面；除此之外conj.否则；不然（1）otherwise作连词，常放在祈使句后面，相当于or或orelse。（2）otherwise常用于含蓄条件句，与虚拟语气连用。（3）orotherwise或相反　6　ratherthan而不是\nprefertodosth.ratherthandosth.(1)woulddosth.ratherthandosth.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.(2)orrather更确切在说(3)otherthan除了（常用于否定句中）(4)morethan超过；多于【活学活用】(1)Yououghtto______thatradiobeforeyoubuyit.那部收音机你应该试了再买。(2)Hisbrother’sexampleinspiredhimto_________thefootballteam.他哥哥的榜样作用激励他去接受足球队的选拔测试。(3)Willyou______thecoat?你试穿一下这外套好吗？　2　keepto　遵守，信守；坚持，不偏离keeptothepoint/one’spromise/one’spost　　　不偏离主题/遵守诺言/坚守岗位keep(on)doingsth.继续做某事；反复做某事keepout不进入(某处)；不卷入keepupwithsb./sth.跟上；与……同步前进keepup　　　　保持，维持，继续keepawayfrom(使)不靠近，(使)远离keepsth.back(fromsb.)阻挡；控制；隐瞒某事物；扣留【活学活用】根据语境选用上面短语的适当形式填空(1)_______thepathoryou’llloseyourway.(2)Wemust_______ourpost.(3)Thehighcostofrawmaterialsis________prices___.(4)You__________this(＝donotgetinvolved)，Mother.It'snoneofyourconcern.(5)Igotthefeelingthathewas________something____.(2)eventhough(tobeusedtoemphasizethatalthoughsomethinghappensoristrue，somethingelsealsohappensoristrue)虽然，尽管(3)evenif即便，纵然(更强调一种假设)【易错警示】evenso是副词短语，不能当连词使用。eventhough/evenif是短语连词，引导让步状语从句。eventhough强调“事实”，而evenif更强调“假设”。【活学活用】根据语境选用evenif,eventhough或evenso填空\n(1)Imyselfdon’tbelieveinghosts._______,Iwouldn’tliketobealoneinthatroomatnight.(2)____________hewastired，hehelpedmewithmywork.(3)_______Ifailthistime，Iwilltryagain.Ⅱ.选词填空indecline，makeabadimpressionon，farfrom，takeadvantageof，begfor1．Hisworkis_______satisfactory.2．She________________thechildren’sabsencetotidytheirrooms.3．I_______________________thebossbyleavingtooearly.4．Hisinterestincomputergamesisnow_________.5．Theblindman__________alivinginthepast.Ⅲ.单项填空1．[2011·浙江卷]—Idon’tthinkI’llbeabletogomountainclimbingtomorrow.—________？A．AndhowB．HowcomeC．How’sitgoingD．Howaboutit【解析】B　本题考查交际用语。从句意：“我看我明天不能去爬山了。”“为什么呢？”，可知此处用Howcome表示“为什么”。Andhow表示“的确，当然”；How’sitgoing表示“情况如何”；Howaboutit表示“怎么样”。2．[2011·四川卷]Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsasknivesoutofchildren’s________.A．touchB．sightC．reachD．distance【解析】C　本题考查名词搭配。outofone’sreach意为“够不着，拿不到”。句子意思是：总是要记得将小刀这类危险的东西放到小孩拿不到的地方。故选C。3．[2011·江苏卷]—Areyoustillmadather?—Notreally,butIcan’t________thatherremarkshurtme.A.denyB.refuseC.rejectD.decline【解析】A　本题考查动词辨析。A项意为“否认”；B项意为“拒绝”；C项意为“拒绝，抵制”；D项意为“下降，谢绝”。根据句意“你仍然生她的气吗？”“不完全是，但是我无法否认她的评论伤了我。”可知选A项。4．Howcanyouexpecttolearnanything　　　　youneverlisten?A．incaseB．evenifC．unlessD．when【解析】D　本题考查连词用法。此处when＝consideringthat，“既然”，又如：Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyou'vegotsuchagoodonealready?5．Thedictionaryisbeingprintedanditwillsoon_____________________.A．turnoutB．comeout\nC．startoutD．goout【解析】B　本题考查动词短语辨析。comeout出版；turnout结果是，后来是；startout出发；goout外出，(灯，火)熄灭。6．Youruncleseemstobeagooddriver;________，Iwouldn'tdaretotravelinhiscar.A．evensoB．eventhoughC．thereforeD．so【解析】A　句意为：你叔叔看起来是个驾车好手。即使如此，我还是不敢乘坐他的车去旅行。evenso是副词短语，使用时后面有逗号和句子分开。eventhough是连词，表示“即使，尽管”，连接两个句子，且后面不需要有逗号。7．Herson，towhomshewasso________，wentabroadtenyearsago.A．lovedB．caredC．devoted　D．affected【解析】C　bedevotedtosb./sth.致力于，献身于；对……热爱/挚爱。8．________thevegetablestogobad，hepreferredtosellthemathalfprice.A．RatherthanallowingB．RatherthantoallowC．MorethanallowD．Ratherthanallow【解析】D　prefertodo…ratherthando…宁愿……而不愿……9.Please________itupandyou'llsucceed________.A．hold;intimeB．hold;ontimeC．keep;intimeD．keep;ontime【解析】C　keepitup再接再厉；intime相当于soonerorlater，意思是：迟早，早晚。句意为：再接再厉，你迟早能成功。对于绝大部分开放性议论文，基本上适宜用“三段式”的写法，具体来讲就是：第一段：开头——引论。用以引出一个令人关注的问题(topic)，阐明观点或看法。第二段：主体——本论。全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论(supportingsentences)，运用材料对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。第三段：结尾——结论。对主体部分内容作出概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。议论文的写作较之于其他题材的文章相对有规律可循。而且文章的开头具有一定的共性，行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也极具相似之处。因此使用规律性的语句不但可以显得条理清楚，而且可以提高文章档次。2．段首常用语：\n(1)Wehavehadadiscussionaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks.(2)Wehavehadasurveyonwhetherstudentsshouldbeallowedtocarrymobilephonestoschool.(3)Differentpeopleholddifferentopinions/views.(4)Peoplehavetaken/adopteddifferentattitudestowards/to…(5)Peopletakedifferentviewsonthisquestion.(6)Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem.3．段落过渡常用语：(1)Othershavedifferentopinions.(2)Sixtypercentofthestudentsarefortheidea,whilefortypercentofthemthinkotherwise.(3)Sixtypercentofthestudentsthinkitnecessaryto…，butfortypercentofthemdon'tthinkso.(4)However，…ofthemholdadifferentview./…ofthemholdtheoppositeopinion.(5)Peoplewhoareagainstitdon'tthinkso.(6)However,everycoinhastwosides.4．段尾常用语：(1)AsfarasIamconcerned，Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.Ithinkthat…(2)Inaword，thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemof…(3)Onlyinthiswaycan…inthefuture.5．议论文格式模板：模板(1)：观点对比型　　模板(2)：说明利弊型　　模板(3)：观点陈述型　　【活学活用】假设你班最近举行了一次班会，讨论怎样使英语学习变成一件快乐的事。请你根据下表所提示的信息，为某英语网站写一篇短文，谈谈你们的讨论情况并提出你的建议。注意：1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。4．参考词汇：interactiveadj.互动的RecentlywehadadiscussiononhowtomakeEnglishlearningrelaxingandfun.______________________________________________________【参考范文】Recently,wehadadiscussiononhowtomakeEnglishlearningrelaxingandfun.Moststudentsbelievethattherearemanywaystodoso.Firstofall,wecanhavemoreinteractiveactivitiesinclass,suchasdiscussions,interviews,story－tellingandrole－play.Inthisway,wecanhave\nmorefunlearningEnglish.Secondly,wecantakepartinmoreout－of－classactivitieslikeEnglishspeechcontestsandEnglishevenings.ThroughtheseactivitieswecanimproveourEnglishskillsinaneasyandrelaxingway.Thirdly,weneedtofindmoreopportunitiestocommunicateinEnglishwithpeople,whethertheyareEnglishteachersorclassmates,foreignersorChinese,becauseusingEnglishisthebestwaytolearn.Theseideassoundreasonableandpractical.Frommyexperience,therearemanyotherinterestingandrelaxingways.Forexample,wecanlistentoEnglishsongsandwatchEnglishmovies.WecanalsowatchEnglishprogramsonTVorjoinEnglishclubsormakeEnglishpen－friendsontheInternet.Allinall,whatweneedismorefreetimeandmorespace.注意：1.词数不少于100；2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：海河theHaiheRiverDearMr.Smith，IamLiHua,chairmanoftheStudentUnion,fromChenguangHighSchool._____________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua【精彩美文】DearMr.Smith，IamLiHua,chairmanoftheStudentUnion,fromChenguangHighSchool.YourgroupwillpayavisittoourschoolonJune26andIwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.Myplanabouttheseactivitiesisasfollows.Onthemorningofyourarrival,wewillshowyouaroundourschoolandintroduceourmostadvancedsciencelabtoyou.Thenadiscussionwillbeheld,whichmaycoversuchtopicsasschoollife,culturaldifferencesandsoon,aimingtoimprovemutualunderstanding.Atnoon,wewillhaveagettogetherinourschool'sdininghall.Toletyouknowmoreaboutourtraditionalcustomsandculture,wewillpreparedumplingsandnoodlesasmainfood.Intheafternoon,yourgrouptogetherwithsomeofourstudentrepresentativesaregoingtovisittheHaiheRiverandenjoythebeautifulscenerythere.That'stheplanforyourvisit.Whatdoyouthinkoftheplan?Canyougivemesomeadviceonhowtomakeyourvisittoourschoolmoreinterestingandimpressive?Ilookforwardtoyourreply.Bestwishestoyou.Yourssincerely，LiHua【全品点睛】\n①行文逻辑：简述事件→详细计划及理由→征求建议。②词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：payavisitto，takechargeof，asfollows，showyouaround，lookforwardto等。③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：非限制性定语从句：…whichmaycoversuchtopicsasschoollife…；不定式作目的状语：Toletyouknow…4.______v．继承→inheritancen．继承→inheritorn．继承者5．firmn．商行，公司adj.结实的，坚固的，坚定的→_____adv.坚固地，稳固地6._________adv.看起来；显然→apparentadj.表面上的；貌似(真实)的；明显的；显而易见的7.________n．珠宝，首饰→jeweln．珠宝(个体名词)8．furnishv．为(房屋或房间)配备家具→_________n．家具9．bareadj.赤裸的→_______adv.仅够；几乎没有；赤裸裸→barenessn．赤裸裸10．gatherern．采集者→_______v．收集；采集Ⅱ.短语检测1．写日记　　　　　　　2．在使用3．拼凑，凑成4．(偶然)碰见5．喜欢上，迷恋6．仔细考虑7．有……人口8．在远处9．出发，动身10．调整；使适合11．房间里摆放着，被提供12．迷路13．安排某人住宿14．嫉妒Ⅲ.佳句再现1．Theysitinsmallcirclesinthesquare，withtheirbabiesontheirback,_________________________________!她们围成小圈坐在广场上，身背孩子，对游客丝毫不感兴趣！2._______________________,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.父子相传，那种音乐经过8个世纪都没有发生变化。3．Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainand__________the5,500metreYulongXueshanMountain，itspeakcoveredwithsnow.古城依山而建，对面是海拔5,500米的玉龙雪山，山顶覆盖着皑皑白雪。4._______________,theoldtownislikeamaze…thattouristsgetlostin.从上面俯瞰，古城就像一座迷宫……游人极易迷失其中。5.________________wemayappeartobeatfirst，weareallthesame,allequal.无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上都是一样的，每个人都是平等的。Ⅳ.单元语法\nV．edformasadverbialandphrasalverbs【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Ittookherawhileto__________________afterthedivorce.离婚以后，她过了一段时间才适应了一个人生活。(2)Thiskindofdesk_________________theheightyouneed.这种书桌的高低可以按照你的需要调节。(3)Thecompanymade_____________tomysalary.公司对我的薪金作了调整。2．单项填空Thepresentsituationforcedusto_______thispolicythoughitwasnotcompletelyreasonable.A．adaptB．admitC．adoptD．adjust【解析】C　句意为：目前的形势迫使我们采取这项政策，尽管它不是完全地合理。对比四个选项“改编、(使)适应”、“承认”、“采取、采纳”与“调整”可知答案C正确。　2　run　n．跑；短暂旅行；路程v．跑；管理，经营；提供；开设；操作；持续；流动(1)inthelong/shortrun　从长远来看，终究(2)runacross偶然发现；偶遇runaway逃走，逃跑runafter追赶；追求(异性)runinto偶然碰见；巧遇；陷入；经历runout(of)用完runashop经营一家商店runover(车)撞倒并碾过runtheriskof冒...的危险【活学活用】(1)Inearly_______abuswhenitstoppedsuddenlyinfrontofme.前面一辆公共汽车突然停住，我险些撞上。(2)Ourbeer_____________.Canyoubuysome?我们的啤酒快喝完了，你能买点吗？(3)Thecatcamecloseto_____________byatruck.那只猫差点被卡车碾过。(4)Wholeftthetap_______?谁没关水龙头？minority　n．少数民族；少数(aminorityof少数的(beinthe/aminority占少数(beinthe/amajority占多数\n(themajorityof大多数的当minority/majority作主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；而theminority/majorityof+n.后的谓语由其后的名词决定。【活学活用】(1)Seriouslydamaged，thebridgeisnolonger______.因受到严重损坏，这座桥不再使用了。(2)_________pretendingyoudidn’tknowit.你装糊涂是无济于事的。(3)Ourtimeshould________________.我们的时间要充分利用。(4)I’ll___myexperience___________inthenewjob.我会把以往的经验好好用到新工作中。　2　putup　建造，建设；张贴；提高(价格)；举起；让(某人)留宿putupwith　　　容忍，忍受putaside把……搁一边；存钱putoff推迟putforward提出(建议等)putout扑灭；熄灭put____放好；处理掉；储存……备用puton穿上；增加；演出【活学活用】根据语境用put短语的适当形式填空(1)Mylandlord’sthreateningto___therent___by100yuanaweek.(2)Wecan___allofyou___forthenight.(3)She’sgotafewthousandpounds______________forherretirement.(4)Iwillnot____________yourbadbehaviouranylonger.(5)Shekeeps___________goingtothedentist.(6)ItseemsIam___________weight.(7)They___________anumberofsuggestionsatthemeeting.【活学活用】(1)_________________________severaltalltrees，underwhichpeopleliketocoolthemselvesinsummer.在大楼的前面有几棵大树，夏天人们喜欢在下面乘凉。(2)Southofthecity________________________.城南有一家钢厂。Ⅱ.选词填空inpain，makeup，wishfor，befurnishedwith，runacross\n1．He_________anoldfriendinthestreet.2．Payincreaseswillnotalways________forpoorworkingconditions.3．Theshop_______________everythingthatisneededforcamping.4．Shecried(out)_______whenhertoothwaspulledout.5．Thecityhaseverythingonecould_______,exceptgoodweather.Ⅲ.单项填空1．[2011·全国卷Ⅰ]Ican________thehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.A．comeupwithB．putupwithC．turntoD．stickto【解析】B　本题考查动词短语辨析。说话人表达的是“我可以忍受房子不整洁，但是……”。putupwith在这里的意思是“忍受”。其他选项中，comeupwith想出；turnto转向，求助于，翻到；stickto坚持。2．[2011·安徽卷]—Youcanhaveapetdog,butsupposeyougetboredwithitinafewdays？________？—Wewon’t,wepromise!A.ThenwhatB.AllrightC.HowcomeD.Sowhat【解析】A　本题考查交际用语。句意为：“你可以养一只宠物狗，但假定几天后你就厌倦了，然后会发生什么？”“我们不会的，我们保证。”Thenwhat？相当于Thenwhatwillhappen?3．Itisno________arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A．use　B．help　C．time　D．way【解析】A　本题考查名词搭配。Itisnousedoingsth.做某事是没有用的。4．Atthefootofthemountain________.A．avillageliesB．liesavillageC．doesavillagelieD．lyingavillage【解析】B　本题考查倒装。表示方位的介词短语放于句首，且谓语动词是stand，come，lie等词，主语是名词时，用全部倒装。5．—TomfailedintheGRE,andheisinlowspirits.—________?Hehadbeenstudyinghard.A．WhynotB．HowcomeC．WhatforD．Sowhat【解析】B　本题考查交际用语。“howcome？”意为：怎么回事？6．Mycameracanbe________totakepicturesincloudyandsunnyconditions.A．adaptedB．adjustedC．adoptedD．admitted【解析】B　本题考查动词辨析。adapt适应；adjust调整，调节；adopt采纳，收养；admit\n承认。这里指“照相机可以被调节”，因此选B。7．Don'tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth.A．runB．runningC．beingrunD．torun【解析】B　本题考查非谓语动词。“leavesb./sth.doing”结构，表示“使……处于……状态”。run在此处意为“流淌，流动”。8．Consideringyoursalary，youshould________atleast100dollarsaweek.A．putupB．putforwardC．putasideD．putout【解析】C　本题考查动词短语辨析。putaside储蓄，储存。句意为：考虑到你的薪水，你每周至少可以攒100美元。9．Allthecarsmustbetestedbeforecomingintouse，whichwould________causedanger.A．somehowB．meanwhileC．otherwiseD．furthermore【解析】C　本题考查副词辨析。句意为：所有的汽车在使用前都必须检测，要不然就会有危险。“causedanger”是不检测引起的结果，也就是说和上文所说的情况相反，所以要用otherwise，意思是：否则的话，要不然。somehow不知怎的；meanwhile期间，同时；furthermore此外，而且。6.___________v．建议→recommendationn．推荐；介绍；推荐信；劝告7．proposev．建议；提议→_________n．建议8._________n．帮助；援助→assistv．帮助；协助→________n．助手；副手；助理；图书管理员9．guidancen．指导，引导，咨询→______v．为……领路；带领n．向导；导游；指南；手册10．ignorev．忽视；不理；不管→_________n．忽略Ⅱ.短语检测1．在……方面达成一致　2．用……来做……3．除……之外4．对……作贡献5．至关重要6．参与7．通过，达成；履行某程序8．使某人想起……9．作为回报10．不是……而是11．受……支配\n12．因……而受到尊敬Ⅲ.佳句再现1．Theyhaverecommendedthat_________________________.该组织提议关闭这个遗址并进行维修。2．Wemust___________________ofenvironmentalprotection.我们必须提高公众的环保意识。3．Thesiteis____________________________anditwillcostbetweenthreeandfivemillionyuantorepairit.这座遗址保护起来是极其昂贵的，要花三百万到五百万元来修缮。4．Someareasarealmostcompletelycoveredinweeds,_____________________.有些地方杂草丛生，破败不堪，造成严重的损害。5．If______________torepairit，itcouldberemovedfromthelist.如果不采取措施维修，它可能会被除名。Ⅳ.单元语法Subjunctiveandadverbialclausesofplace,conditionandconcession【活学活用】1．根据汉语意思完成句子Inthesummer，largecropsoffruit__________________freezingorbottling.夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或瓶装加以保存。2．单项填空Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto________healthy.A．preserveB．stayC．maintainD．reserve【解析】B　本题考查动词辨析。根据句意“专家说步行是一个人保持健康的最好的方式。”由于healthy是形容词，前面的动词必须是系动词，只有stay合适，表示“保持，维持”。　2　recommend　v．推荐；介绍；建议(1)recommendationn．介绍，推荐；推荐信，求职介绍信；建议，提议(2)recommenddoingsth.建议做某事recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事(recommendsth.tosb.为某人推荐某物(recommendsb.sb./sth.(=recommendsb./sth.tosb.)向某人推荐/介绍某人/某物（5）recommendsb.as...推荐某人当...（6）recommendsb.forajob/post给某人推荐一份工作【经典句式】(strongly)recommendthat/Itis(strongly)recommendedthat…（should）＋动词原形(强烈)建议【活学活用】\n(1)Iwouldn’t___________________therealone.我劝你不要孤身一人到那里去。(2)Canyou________________________________?你能为我推荐一本好词典吗？(3)Doctorsstronglyrecommendthatfathers__________________attheirbaby’sbirth.医生强烈建议孩子出生时父亲应该在场。　3　contribute　vi.捐献，捐赠(常与to连用)；增加；促进；作出贡献；投稿(1)contribute(…)to/towards(将……)捐献给，(为……)作出贡献contributeto　　对某事起促进作用，是原因之一(2)contributionn.捐款，捐助，投资；贡献makeacontribution/contributionsto捐赠；作出贡献【注意事项】contributeto和makeacontributionto中to为介词，后面加名词或动名词。【易混辨析】donate和contribute(1)donate一般表示捐钱或献血。(2)contribute捐献的范围更广，指贡献财力、物力、智力等各个方面。【活学活用】(1)He_______________________________thesuccessoftheproject.他对工程的成功做出了积极的贡献。(2)Carelessness_____________hisfailure.粗心造成了他的失败。(3)Thegovernmentcallsontheyouthto_________________voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。　4　exposure　n．暴露；揭露；揭发exposev．　　　使暴露；陈列；揭穿exposesb.tosth./beexposedto使面临；使遭受(危险或不快)；使接触；使体验【活学活用】(1)Theyconsideritalmostacrimeto_________________violenceandsexonTV.他们认为让儿童接触暴力和色情电视节目几乎是一种犯罪行为。(2)Potatoesturngreenwhen___________light.当暴露在光下时，土豆变成绿色。(3)____________thebodytostrongsunlightcanbeharmful.身体受烈日暴晒会造成伤害。remains　n．遗迹；遗体；剩余物Theremains(of)剩下的东西或部分；遗迹（作主语时，谓语动词常用复数）\nsth.remaistobedone某事有待于被做remainingmoney/time剩下的钱/时间特别提示：remain可用作不及物动词或系动词，意为“剩下；逗留，保持；仍然”。用作系动词时，后接名词、形容词、介词短语、v-ing形式、v-ed形式等作表语。6.Ignorev.忽视，不理，不管（1）ignoresb./sth.不理睬…,对…置之不理(2)beignorantof/aboutsth.对…不知道(3)(be)inignoranceof/aboutsth.对…不知道词语辨析：ignore指故意地不理睬某人或某物overlook常指由于匆忙或没注意而忽视neglect强调是因为关注太少而疏忽，忽略Hegoesrunningeverydayexceptonrainydays/exceptwhenitrains.除了下雨外，他每天都跑步。IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromAmerica.除了知道他是美国人外，我对他一无所知。(3)exceptfor也意为“除……以外(不包括)”，但except排除的是同类的事物，而exceptfor强调整体排除局部。如：Theroomisemptyexceptforabed.这个房间只有一张床。(4)but表示“除了”，意义相当于except，常用于nothing，nobody，who，all等词后面。当前面有动词do时，but/except后面的不定式不带to。如：Ihavenothingtodobutwait.我所能做的只有等待。(5)inadditionto相当于besides，意为“除……以外(还包括)、加之”。如：Inadditiontothenamesonthelisttherearesixotherapplicants.除了名单上的这些人，还有另外六个应征者。(6)apartfrom既可以表示besides的含义，也可以表示except和exceptfor的含义。如：Apartfrommymothertongue，Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。Hehasnootherinterests，apartfromhiswork.他除了工作之外，没有其他的兴趣爱好。Apartfromhisnosehe’squitegoodlooking.撇开鼻子不说，他还是非常好看的。(7)otherthan常用于否定句，其意义类似于except。如：There’snobodyhereotherthanme.除了我这里没别人。【活学活用】(1)________________________________________，thecompositionisfairlygood.除了一些拼写错误，这篇文章写得很不错。(2)Hehasalwaysbeeningoodhealth__________hehashadaslightheadacheinthepastfewdays.\n除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外，他身体一直很好。(3)Ihadnochoicebut_________.除了放弃我别无选择。2　inreturn(for)　作为回报；反过来【易混辨析】inreturn和inturn(1)inreturn意为“作为回报；作为回应；回答”。(2)inturn意为“依次，轮流；反之，反过来”。如：Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.理论基于实践，反过来，理论也为实践服务。【活学活用】(1)Whentheeconomydevelops，workers’incomeshouldincrease，which______promoteseconomicdevelopment.发展经济工人要增加收入，这样反过来促进了经济发展。(2)Hegavehersomeroses______________________.他送了她一些玫瑰花以答谢她的好意。　3　remindsb.of/sth.　(toputsth.inthemindofsomeone)使某人想起；提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做……【活学活用】(1)Thestory_____________anexperienceIoncehad.这个故事使我想起我的一次亲身经历。(2)Please__________________herthisnote.请提醒我留给她这张纸条。4　gothrough　经历（困难、痛苦等）；仔细检查；顺利完成，（法律、议案）被正式通过或接受（1）goover复习；仔细检查，核对（2）goby(指时间)过去，消逝（3）goround/around到处走动；走变路；（传言、故事等）流传，传播（4）goahead走到前面；继续前进；进展；干吧，说吧【要点解读】在表示“建议、要求、命令”等的动词(suggest,recommend，advise，propose，insist,order，request，demand，desire等)后的宾语从句，以及它们对应的名词(suggestion,recommendation,advice,proposal,insistence,order,request,requirement,demand,desire等)后的主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。如：Isuggestthatwe(should)startthemeetingatonce.我建议我们立刻开始会议。Heinsistedthatallofus(should)bethereontime.\n他坚持我们所有人都准时到那儿。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他命令学生们每周都自己洗衣服。【活学活用】(1)Imakeaproposalthatwe__________________________nextweek.我提议下周开会。(2)It’srequiredthatwe_____________________ofthepatient.需要我们照顾好病人。Ⅱ.选词填空remindmeof，bidfor，actas，atthemercyof，contributeto1．Theywerelostatthesea,______________thewindandweather.2．Honestyandhardwork____________successandhappiness.3．Severalcompaniesare__________thecontracttobuildthebridge.4．Thisstory_____________mychildhood.5．Theforestwill______adefenseagainstdesertdust.Ⅲ.单项填空1．[2011·福建卷]________goodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.A.FarfromB.ApartfromC.InsteadofD.Regardlessof【解析】B　本题考查介词短语辨析。farfrom远非；apartfrom除了……之外；insteadof代替；regardlessof尽管。句意为：除了好的服务外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的福建传统菜。2．[2010·江西卷]Wegivedogstime，spaceandlovewecanspare，and________，dogsgiveustheirall.A．inallB．infactC．inshortD．inreturn【解析】D　本题考查介词短语辨析。句意为：我们给狗匀出时间、空间以及我们的爱，狗把它们的一切给我们作为回报。inreturn作为(对……的)回报，符合题意。inall总共；infact事实上，实际上；inshort简而言之。3．Atminus130℃，alivingcellcanbe_______forathousandyears.A．sparedB．protectedC．preservedD．developed【解析】C　本题考查动词辨析。句意为：在零下130度，一个活细胞可以保存一千年。preserve保存。4．Teachersrecommendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A．notallowB．donotallowC．mustn’tallowD．couldn’tallow【解析】A　本题考查虚拟语气。句意为：教师们建议：为了孩子的安全，父母不应让12\n岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。这里是recommend引起的宾语从句，且从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”形式的虚拟语气，should可以省略。故选A项。5．Inourchildhood，wewereoften________byGrandmatopayattentiontoourtablemanners.A．demandedB.remindedC．allowedD.hoped【解析】B　本题考查动词辨析。remindsb.todo变为被动语态是sb.beremindedtodo，故选B项。6．Takecareduringtheholidays!Drinkingtoomuchcan________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A．contributetoB．relatetoC．attendtoD．devoteto【解析】A　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意为：假期注意点。喝酒过多会引起心脏病和高血压。根据句意可知所选的词词义相当于“cause”，故选A。contributeto引起，导致，贡献于……，向……投稿；relateto关于……，涉及……；attendto照料；devoteto献身于……，致力于……7．Asocietywassetupto________theendangeredanimalandplantlifefromdyingoutinthisarea.A．reserveB．preserveC．observeD．deserve【解析】B　本题考查动词辨析。preserve保护，保存；reserve预定，预留；observe观察，遵守；deserve值得。8．AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics，which________willpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.A．innatureB．incaseC．inturnD．infact【解析】C　本题考查介词短语辨析。句意为：清洁的环境有助于该城市申办奥运会，而奥运会又转而促进该城市的经济发展。innature意为“在本质上”；incase意为“万一”；infact意为“事实上”。由句意知选C。9．________beingfunandgoodexercise，swimmingisaveryusefulskill.A．ExceptforB．ApartfromC．OrratherD．Inspiteof【解析】B　本句意为：除了有趣和是一项很好的锻炼外，游泳还是很有用的一项技能。apartfrom除了……还有，兼有besides，except和exceptfor的含义。exceptfor是排除非同类的事物；orrather更确切地说；inspiteof尽管，不管。10．Iwas________lostintheplaylastnight.Therewasnothinglikeit.A．thoroughlyB．partlyC．apparentlyD．hardly\n【解析】A　既然没有比得上这部戏剧的，自然“我”就完全(thoroughly)沉浸在里面了。准确理解nothinglike(没有什么能比得上)的意思是解决此题的关键。partly部分地；apparently明显地；hardly几乎不。一、词义猜测主要的设题方式有：1．Theunderlinedwords“tookoff”inparagraph2mean“　　　　”．2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphreferto?3．Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat　　　　.4．Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”inthethirdparagraph?5．Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”(paragraph6)mostprobablymeans　　　　.6．Bysaying“Weneedthemyesterday”(paragraph7)，Stovermeansthatsnakelikerobots　　　　.二、词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。语境即上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇和短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略：策略1：依据标点符号猜测词义标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的解答方法。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。例1　Morning,noon,andnight,hertonguewasendlesslygoing,sothathewasforcedtoescapetotheoutsideofthehouse—theonlysidewhich,intruth,belongstoahenpeckedhusband.Theunderlinedwords“henpeckedhusband”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansamanwho　　　　.A．likeshuntingB．isafraidofhensC．loveshiswifeD．isafraidofhiswife【点睛】D　破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息“他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择D项。策略2：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless;while/whereas;otherwise/orelse;unlike/instead/ratherthan;bycontrast/comparedto;onthecontrary/ontheotherhand等。例2　Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”inthepassage?A．Messyanduntidy.　　　B．Richandexpensive.\nC．Comfortableandcalming.D．Foreignandunusual.【点睛】D　由but引导的前后句可知，exotic与quitenormal(相当平常)在意义上是互为反义的，因此选择D项foreignandunusual(异乎寻常)。策略3：依据下定义，作解释猜测词义在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的方式。常用的定义信号词有：bedefinedas/betermed(被定义为)，becalled(被称为)，mean/referto/be(意指，是)。例3　[2011·安徽卷](节选)GeorgeProchnikwouldliketheworldtoputasockinit.Hemakeshiscaseinanewbook，ListeningforMeaninginaWorldofNoise.Hereheexplainshimself(usinghisindoorvoice)：“We'vebecomesoaccustomedtonoise，there'salmostadeepprejudiceagainsttheideathatsilencemightbebeneficial.Ifyoutellsomeonetobequiet，yousoundlikeanoldman.Butit'sneverbeenmoreimportanttofindcontinuingquiet.Silencefocusesus，improvesourhealth，andisakeytolastingpeaceandsatisfaction.”Whatdoesthephrase“toputasockinit”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Tobequiet.　　　　B．Tobecolorful.C．Tobefulloflove.D．Tobeattentivetosomeone.【点睛】A　词义猜测题。本题是根据结构上的“总—分”关系猜测词义。文章首句先表明观点，然后进一步清楚地分述自己的观点——没有噪音，我们会专注生活中各种美好的声音。再结合上下文可以看出GeorgeProchnik是反对噪音的，所以他应该是喜欢安静的，故答案选A。策略4：依据逻辑推理猜测词义运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也是最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系，转折关系等。例4　[2011·四川卷](节选)Sowhatdrivesmetorolloutofbedat5：00a．m.？Whatgivesmethereasontojustsaynotoicecream?Commitment.Acommitmenttochangemylifewithawaythatreducesdailyanxiety，increasesself－confidenceandenergy，extendslifeandaboveallimprovesmybodyshape.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“commitment”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Goodhealth.B．Firmbelief.C．Astrongpower.D．Aregularhabit.【点睛】B　词义猜测题。本题是根据解说关系猜测词义。从文中“Acommitmenttochangemylifewithawaythatreducesdailyanxiety，…aboveallimprovesmybodyshape.”可知，“减少焦虑、增强信心…改变体型”即不定式部分是修饰commitment的，结合文意可推断出commitment意为“坚强的信念”，故选择B项。本题容易受字面意思的影响而误选C项。策略5：依据替代词猜测词义\n使用替代词it,they,them,one(s),these,that或theother(two…)等指代上下文中词汇或句义是猜测词义的另一种形式。策略6：依据例证猜测词义采用事实说理(即例证)以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有：like/forexample/forinstance/suchas;include/consistof等。此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的的有效捷径。这种猜词的策略主要表现在：(1)依据词性变化猜测词义英语语言的词性变化是非常活跃的，如名词动化、动词名化、形容词动化等，阅读时要充分抓住这一特点，从而准确地猜测词义。(2)依据词义变化(词义引申)猜测词义英语语言除了词性活跃的特点外，其词义的变化也是非常活跃的。同一个词在不同的语境中其词义也会发生相应的变化，即所谓的词义引申。(3)依据词的派生和合成猜测词义派生法是英语构词法中最主要的构词方法，它由词根、前缀或后缀组成。如：前缀dis－，im－，ir－，un－可以构成反义词；后缀－less也以构成反义词。遇到合成词时在正确理解两词的基础上结合原文来把握两词之间的关系，从而准确地猜测词义。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　【活学活用】1．Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionshewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenateopposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever.A．killedbystoningB．sentawayC．imprisonedD．punishedbywhipping[答案]B2．Theprisonerseemedtorelaxbutactuallyhewasthinkinghard,whilehishandmovedsoslowlythatthemovementwasimperceptible.Itwasonlywhenthekeysaccidentallyfellfromthetablethattheguardsuddenlyrealizedthattheprisoner'shandhadalmostreachedthem.A．hardlynoticeableB．heavy－handedC．notcapableoffastorimmediateactionD．amatterofhabit[答案]A3．Mrs.Morgan'ssonwasintelligentandcharming,buthiscontinualextravagancemadeherwonderifshecouldcontinuetosupporthim.Eachmonthshewasgoingdeepintodebt,\nattemptingtopayforhisexpensivepurchases.A．superiormannerB．wastefulnessorcarelessnessinspendingmoneyC．showingtoogreatconcernforcurrentfashionsD．insultstofamilyorclosefriends[答案]B4．Twelve－year－oldSallywasanactivegirl,whilehersisterwasquitesedate.A．prettyB．calmC．protectiveD．Energetic[答案]B5．IwantedtostayinNewYork,butmyfriendtriedtodissuademe.A．deceiveB．frightenC．talkoutofitD．accompany[答案]C6．Albert'ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovethevalueofpersistence.A．timeB．competitionC．perseveranceD．beginningagain[答案]C7．Hefeltverylonely;hehadlivedinBaltimoreCityforamonthandhadmetnooneintheinhospitablecity.A．unfriendlyB．uncomfortableC．unhealthyD．enormous[答案]A8．Ifoundasecludedareawherenomanoranimalcouldbeseenformilesaround.A．coolB．isolatedC．quietD．noisy[答案]B9．ThearchaeologistspentyearsstudyingandsearchingforremainsoftheChinesecivilization.A．onewhostudiesthemindB．onewhostudiesculturesC．onewhostudiesthebodyD．onewhostudiesanimals\n[答案]B10．CARDIFF,Wales(De,15)—Poets,singersandmusiciansfromacrosstheglobegatheredinWalestocelebratethetraditionofstorytelling.“Itcameoutofagroupofpeoplewhowantedtoreconnectwithtraditions,andasalltheWelsharestorytellers,itwasingoodhandshere.”Ambrosesaid.A．controlledbyrichpeopleB．graspedbygoodstorytellersC．takengoodcareofD．protectedbykindpeople[答案]C