高中英语语法-省略句ppt课件 58页

Ellipsis省略\n在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：:Begyoupardon.:Soundslikeagoodidea.:（I）Begyoupardon.:(It)Soundslikeagoodidea..定义\n一简单句中的省略1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略:Doesn’tmatter.:(It)doesn’tmatter.:(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.\n2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：（省略主语和谓语）:What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?:Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?\n3、省略表语。:–Areyouthirsty?–Yes,Iam.:Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(lazy).4、同时省略几个成分:Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.(wemet)同时省略主、谓语\n:–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.\n1.Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.省略相同的谓语动词在由and连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.二并列句中的省略\n2.Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.3.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.4.Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.5.Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.6.Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.省略共同的主语或宾语。省略后面的助动词或情态动词省略后面的主谓成分省略主要动词及后续部分省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分\n1、主句中有一些成分被省略，省略多用于句首,如：:Sorrytohearyouareill.:Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)三复合句中的省略\n:－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.:－Tommustbefreetoday.－Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.从句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替\n:－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.Note:so常用于替代肯定形式的从句，而not常用来替代否定形式的从句。常见的动词有：think、imagine、guess、say、hope、fear等。这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?等等。\n:Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.(that)2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。:Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.(that)由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).(hewillcomeback)\n3.定语从句中的省略A:在定语从句中，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时可省略。:Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.(that/which):Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)B:定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。Thegoods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.(whichwere)\n4.状语从句中的省略在以when,while,once引导的时间状语从句及以if,unless引导的条件状语从句中和though,although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。\n:Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.:Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.he:Ifheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewas:Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.heis\n:Unlessinvited,hewon’tcome.:Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.he:Whileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heis:Whiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heishe\n动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have,havebeen时，要保留这些词。:–Areyougoingthere?–Yes,I’dliketo.:Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.:–Areyouanengineer?–No,butIwantto.:–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.–Well,heoughtto.(gothere).(givemethechance).behave四不定式中的省略\nAttention!使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。:InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.:Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.toX这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee\n在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were,had,should时，常可以省略if而将were,had,should置于句首。:WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.Were:HadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Had:Shouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?Should虚拟条件句中的省略IfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.\n:Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：:Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should):Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should):It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)\n※介词的省略※（考点）1.一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing；havedifficult/trouble(in)doing；bebusy(in)doing；stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。eg.Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.\n2.表示行为方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组中，经常被省略。Hedidit(in)thisway.\n八、会话中的省略。省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。--Doyoulikethisshirt?--Yes,(Ilikeit)verymuch.(Come)Thisway,please.--WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--Losingherbicycle(madehersoupset).\nPracticeExercisesaboutEllipsis.\nDiscoveringusefulstructures3.Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.(_____)P37\n2.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.(___________________)(_____)(_____________)5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidn’tshepass?ornot.\n6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.notdownyourthroat.\nThesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?1) Thecottagesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.Thecottage(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.P374.\n2)ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.Thefirstbook(that)Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond(bookthatIreadthisterm).\n3)Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan(shewas)expected(todo).\n4)Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave(returnedfromthehospital).\n5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t.Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).\n6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).\nI.Choosethebestanswers.1)----Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-----IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to\n2)----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)----Aren’tyouthemanager?----No,andI______A. don’twanttoB.don’twanttobeC.don’twantbeD.don’twant\n4)---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbegladto5)----Won’tyouhaveanothertry?----________.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,Iwon’thaveC.Yes,Iwon’tD.Yes,Iwill\n7)----Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?----______?A.Idon’tthinkB.No,Idon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.No,Idon’tso8)----Haveyoufedthecat?----No,but______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingto\nII.单项选择1.---Iwon’tdoitanymore.----_______?A.Whydon’tB.Whydon’tdoitanymoreC.WhynotD.Whynotto2.Although____tostop,hekeptonworking.A.tellB.tellingC.havingtoldD.told3.---Willyouwastetimeandmoneyonthat?----Certainly_______.A.InotB.don’tC.notD.no√√√\n4.----Marydidn’tattendthelecture,didshe?----Yes,she_______.A.attendedB.didn’tattendC.didn’tD.did5.---What’sJohndoing?---_______newspapersintheroom.A.ShereadingB.ShereadsC.ToreadD.Reading6._______alwayssucceed.A.HonestandcleverstudentsB.StudentswhohonestandcleverC.HoneststudentsandcleverD.Studentsarehonestandclever√√√\n7.---Canyouclimbthattree,myboy?---_______?A.IB.MyselfC.MineD.Me8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut_______supportit.A.anymoreB.manymoreC.muchmoreD.nomore9.---I’llbeawayforabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.________.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dliketoD.I’dbehappyto√√√\n10.---Whynotgoandhaveadinnerinarestaurant?---________.It’stooexpensive.A.WhynotB.IagreeC.I’mafraidnotD.I’msure11.____Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When12.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---_____herbicycle.AsshelostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.Losing√√√\nII.下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Ourhometownisnolongerwhatitusedto.2.WhenIintrouble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.3.Tompickedupacoinintheroadandhandedonetoapoliceman.be第一个I后加am或去掉第一个Iit\n4.Noonecanbearbeinglaughedinpublic.5.Whencomparingwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn’tseembigatall.6.Thegoodswereorderedlastmonthhaven’tarrivedyet.atcomparedgoods后加that或去掉were\n▼语法应试I.改写句子（使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘）1.Someonehasusedmymobilephone,butIdon’tknowwhohasusedit.2.Johnworkedhardbuthisbrotherdidnotworkhard.3.Ihavelazystudentsandhardworkingstudentsinmyclass.4.---Hasheeverbeenabroad?---No,hehasneverbeenabroad.\n5.Ifitisnecessary,wewillfinishitaheadoftime.6.Youmustnotbelateandyoumustnotbeabsent.7.Givemeyournameandaddress,please.8.Itiswelldone.9.Mothercantakearest,MothershouldtakearestbutMotherwon’ttakearestafterlonghoursofwork.10.Hecouldanswerthequestionsverywellifhewouldanswerthequestionsbuthedidn’tanswerthequestions.\n【语法专项训练】【单项选择【1．“Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.”“Oh!I_______.”A.donothopetoB.donothopeC.hopenotsoD.hopenot2.“IsProfessorTateverysick?”“I’mafraid_______.”A.soB.thisC.toD.that3.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_______.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo\n5.“Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?”“_______.”A.Idon’tbelieveB.Idon’tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot6.“Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.”“_______.”A.Idon’tB.Iwon’tC.Ican’tD.Ihaven’t7.“I’llbeawayonbusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?”“Notatall._______.”A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto\n8.“Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?”“Didn’twejusthave_______?”A.itB.thatC.oneD.that9.“Therewillbeanewfilmonshow.”“I’mafraid_______.”A.soB.maybeC.notD.that10.“Weallhatepollution.”“_______.”A.Yes,everyonehatesB.Yes,everyonedoesC.No,IlikenotD.No,Idon’t\n高考真题1.—Wouldyoulikesomemoretea?—_______,please.（NMET2005，全国卷II，12）A.NomoreB.JustalittleC.I’vehadenoughD.Yes,Iwould2.—It’lltakeatleast2hourstodothis!—Oh,_______!Icoulddoitin30minutes.(NMET2005，上海39)A.comeonB.pardonmeC.yourarerightD.don’tmentionit\n高考真题3.—Howaboutputtingsomepicturesintothereport?—_______Apictureisworthathousandwords.（NMET2005，江苏，24）A.Noway.B.Whynot?C.Allright?D.Nomatter.4.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”(NMET2005，福建，33)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered\n高考真题5.—Whydidn’tyoubuythecamerayouhadlongedfor?—Iplanedto,butIwas￡50____.（NMET2005，福建，34）A.fewerB.lessC.cheapD.short6.—Wouldyoumindmycomingoverandhavingalookatyournewgarden?Mylittleson’scuriousaboutthoserosesyougrow.”—______.You’rewelcome.(NMET2005，湖北，25)A.Yes,IdoB.NevermindC.Yes,pleaseD.Notatall\n高考真题7.Tom:Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.I’msurewewillwin.Mike:_____!（NMET2005，广东，21）A.CongratulationsB.CheersC.BestwishesD.Goodluck8.Tara:ThisisTaraPatelfromcottonHouseinKidderminster.CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?Smith:______(NMET2005，广东，22）A.Hello!B.I’mMr.Smith.C.Whoareyou?D.Speaking\n高考真题9.—Myfamilyusuallygoesskatingforvacation.Ilikeskating,butIwanttotrysomethingdifferentthisyear.—_______（NMET2005，重庆，22）A.Let’sgo.B.Cheerup.C.Likewhat?D.Takecare.10.—HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?—No,I’dliketo,_____.(NMET2005，山东，21）A.tooB.thoughC.yetD.either\n高考真题11.—Couldyoudomeafavorandtakethesebookstomyoffice?—Yes,_______（NMET2005，山东，22）A.forpleasureB.IcouldC.mypleasureD.withpleasure12.—Let’sgotoamovieafterwork,OK?—_____(NMET2005，山东，33）A.Notatall.B.Whynot?C.Nevermind.D.Whatofit?\n跟踪练习1.—Couldyoupleasesparemesometime?I’vesomethingtotalkwithyou.—Notnow,_____time,perhaps.A.anyotherB.someC.otherD.someother2.Thestudentshaveallmadeuptheirmindstogainahighmark____difficulties.A.howeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.whicheverD.someotherB.whatever\n跟踪练习3.—Ifeeltired,Dad.—Tired?_____?A.ForwhatB.ForwhichC.FromwhichD.Ofwhat4.—Whynotjoinusinthegame?—_________.A.No,youdothesameB.Oh,that’sallrightC.Ok,comingD.Sure,pleasedoD.OfwhatC.Ok,coming\n跟踪练习5.Theboywantedhimtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.—Wouldyoulikesomewine?—Yes,_________.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebitA.nottoC.alittle\n跟踪练习7.—Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?—____1982.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since8.Youarestandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove______.A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefarD.SinceB.alittlefarther