高中英语复合句课件（公开课） 40页

主从复合句\n名词性从句定语从句状语从句复合句的种类主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句\n构成从句的三大核心要素连接词语序时态陈述性一致性（兼顾主句时态）唯一性（重点）\n名词性从句的连接词名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有①连词that,if,whether；②连接代词what,who,which…等和③连接副词when,where,why,how等。从句连接词主语从句宾语从句介词后宾语从句形容词后宾语从句表语从句同位语从句thatwhetherifWh-词（含how)带后缀－ever的词\n名词性从句类型判断V（谓语动词）主语从句V（谓语动词）宾语从句L.V（联系动词）表语从句N（名词）同位语从句定语语从句\n为保持句子平衡，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语从句后置。主要有以下几种情况：①Itis+n.(apity/ashame/afact/nowonder,etc)+that-clauseItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.②Itis+adj.(certain/likely/probable/true,etc.)+that-clauseItisprobablethathetoldhereverything.Itistruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek.\n③Itis+p.p.(said/reported/believed,etc.)+that-clauseItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madesatelliteintoorbit.④It+v.(seems/happened,etc.)+that-clauseItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.⑤其他情况:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewherewehadthemeeting.Itsuddenlyoccurredtomethatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.\n1.YouknowthatIamateacherofEnglish.2.ThatIamateacherofEnglishisknowntoyouall.3.ItisknowntoyouallthatIamateacherofEnglish.4.ThefactthatIamateacherofEnglishisknowntoyouall.5.Iamworriedaboutwhetheryoucandowellintheexam.6.WhatIamworriedaboutiswhetheryoucandowellintheexam.thatIamateacherofEnglishThatIamateacherofEnglishthatIamateacherofEnglishwhetheryoucandowellintheexam.ObjectClauseSubjectClauseSubjectClausePredicativeClauseAppositiveClausethatIamateacherofEnglishwhetheryoucandowellintheexam.ObjectClause判断下列从句的类型SubjectClauseWhatIamworriedabout\n1.[1989]Thesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.[1992]WordhascomesomeAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourschoolnextweek.whatB.thatC.whetherD.when3.[2004全国卷I]Ilike____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one名词性从句高考题赏析\n4.[1995]isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageA.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It5.[1996]wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.6.[1999]—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where7.[04湖南卷]IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.howWhat,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what\n8.[2001]Acomputercanonlydo_____youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when9.[2004全国卷I]Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis______Idisagree.10.[2005浙江卷]Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which11.[04天津卷]Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where12.[04上海卷]AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.howwhyB.whereC.whatD.how\n定语从句的引导词关系代词引导词先行词功能可否省略Who人主、宾**在限定性定从中，做从句动词宾语可省略Whom人宾Which物主、宾That人、物主、宾Whose人、物定语asthesame…as,such…as关系副词When时间状语Where地点状语Why修饰reason状语（forwhich）Prep+which或whom\n定语从句只用that不用which的几种情况that指物时一般可以和which换用，但在下列几种情况下只用that不用which：①先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,something等；如:Wearereadytodosomethingthatisofsomehelptoothers.②先行词被all,only,no,some,any,every,each,few,little等修饰时；如：Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时；如：Thefirstlesson(that)MrGreengaveuswillneverbeforgotten.\n④如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时；如：Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandhospitals(that)youaretalkingabout.⑤当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时;如Whoisthatboythatwasherejustnow?⑥当引导词在从句中作表语时。如；Chinaisn’tthecountrythatitusedtobe.\n定语从句不能使用that的情况１定语从句中介词置于关系代词之前时，指人用whom，指物用which。如：Doyouknowthemantowhomheisspeaking?ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedlastyear.２引导非限制性定语从句不能用that。如：MrSmithhastwosons,bothofwhomworkedabroad.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofourcountry,haschangedalot.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsataboyofseventeen.\n注意：如何判断介词Thegirl_____whichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.Heistheman_____whomIthinkyoucandepend.1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配foron\n2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Dolphinsmightbetrainedtocooperatewithfishermenandhelpthembyfindingorevencatchingfish,______allofwhichactivitiesdolphinsareexpert.within\n3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配Therate______whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.Thisisourclassroom,_______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.atinthefrontof\nThecommitteeconsistsof20members,5of_______arewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,mostof________werewrittenin1930s.Therearetwoleft,oneof_______isalmostfinished,andtheotherof_______isnotquite.Ihaveasentence,themeaningof_______Idon’tunderstand.whomwhichwhichwhichwhich名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom\n一.定语从句与同位语从句1.When,where,why在定从和同从中的应用1)wehaven’tyetsettledthequestion___wearegoingtospendoursummervacationon1stOct.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which2)I’llneverforgettheday___IjoinedtheLeague.A.whenB.thatC.inwhichD.which\n3)Thereason___hemovedtotheUSAisnotcleartome.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.which4)Wehaven’tfoundouttheproblem__thecomputerwasoutoforder.A.whyB.thatC.whichD.whether5)Isthisthereason__atthemeetingforhisbeingabsentfromhiswork?A.whyheexplainedB.heexplainedC.whenheexpainedD.howheexplained\n小结:相同点:when,where,why在定从中和同从中均充当状语成分不同点：when,where,why在定从中有相应的先行词，可表示为介词＋关系代词；而在同从中无相应先行词，不可表示为介＋关系代\n２．That在定从与同从中的区别用A:thatB:which填空1)weallhaveheardthenews__ourteamwon.2)wedon’tbelievethenews__hetoldusyesterday.AB/A\n3)thepoliceruledout(排除)thepossibility__Justintoldthem.4)Thepoliceruledoutthepossibility__Jutinwastakenawaybythealiens.5)Thenews__youtoldmeyesterdaywastrue.6)Thenews__thepresidentwillvisitourschoolspreadquickly.B/AAB/AA用A:thatB:which填空\n小结:定语从句与先行词是修饰关系,关系代词that\which在从句中做主,宾，表等成分,从句成分不完整;同位语从句与被解释词是解释说明关系,连接词that在句中不作成分,从句成分完整.\n二.定从与主从,宾从和表从1.定从与主从翻译:不论谁在公共场所随意吐痰都该被罚翻译:无论他做什么都不会对我有什么影响.a.Whoeverspitsinpublicshouldbepunished.b.Anyonewhospitsinpublicshould…a.Whateverhedoesmakesnodifferencetome.b.Anythingthathedoesmakesno…\n小结:whoever=anyonewho;whatever=anythingthat判断正误:a.Whobreaksthelawwillbepunishedb.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.(c.Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.d.Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.小结:时态与意义判断..(误)正)(正)(误)\n翻译（用定、主、表、宾四种从句）众所周知，纸首先在中国制造。1）Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(定从)2)ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.（主从）3)WhatisknowntousallisthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.（表从）4)WeallknowthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.（宾从）小结:定语从句与主宾表从句在特定情况下可以表示相同的意思。\n填空：1)Hetoldusall__hadhappened10yearsago.A.thatB.whatC.which2)Hehastoldusall___heexperiencedabroad.A.whichB.whatC.howD.when小结:what=somethingthatallthat=what练习：Ourhometownisnolonger__shewas20yearsago.AThatB.whichC.whereD.what\n2)Itseemstousthatnoreason__hegaveusforhisabsenseisbelievable.thatB.whatC.whyD.which3)Theartcenteris__usedtobeafactory,__millionsoftractorsweremade.what,whereB.where,whereC.what,whichD.where,which\n4)Theplace___thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe__thecrossrivertrafficistheheavest.which,whereB.atwhich,whichC.atwhich,whereD.which,inwhich5)Noonebelievedhisreasonforbeinglate___hewascaughtinatrafficjam,___makehimembrassed.Athat,whichB.why,whichC.why,whatD.that,what6)___isknowntoallisthattheoldscientist,for__lifewashardinthepast,stillworksveryhardinhiseighties.A.As,whomB.What,whomC.It,whoseD.As,whose\n总结：用什么样的关系词或连接词，均要在从句中分析查找。关系词和连接词存在某种转化关系：What=allthat/somethingthatWhatever=anythingthatWhoever=anyonewho2.高考考查的趋势是多种复合句的融合，而非单一句法的考查。\n3.定语从句与名词性从句的本质区别：定从多存在被修饰的先行词，且先行词（或关系词）在从句中作成分；名从没有先行词，名从中的连接词除了that、whether外，均在从句中作成分。\n状语从句状语从句按意义和作用可分为：时间状从、地点状从、原因状从目的状从、结果状从、方式状从、让步状从、条件状从、比较状从等九种。状语从句放在主句之前常用逗号隔开；放在主句之后不用逗号。\n状语从句的引导词1.时间状从：2.地点状从：3.原因状从：8.让步状从when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until，theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theinstant,immediately,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…whenwhere，wherever,anywhere,everywherebecause,since,as,nowthat\n4.目的状从：5.结果状从：6.方式状从：状语从句的引导词sothat,inorderthat（forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat）so…that,such…that,as,asif,how\n状语从句的引导词7.条件状从：8.比较状从：9.让步状语从句：though,although,evenif,eventhough，as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，nomatter+疑问词，疑问词+everas…as,than，themore…themore…;if,unless,as/solongas(只要),onlyif,incase,onconditionthat（条件是…）\n状语从句中的省略①若主从句中的主语一致，且从句为系表结构，可省略从句主语及be动词；②若主从句中的主语一致，可省略从句主语，并将从句谓语转化为相应分词；③若从句为itbe结构，则可直接省略itbe。Whenshewasveryyoung,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.Whenyouarrivethere,youcangetmanyfriends.Wheneveritispossible,youshouldcomeandhelp.Whenarriving\n注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说Aswalking,shefoundaniceshiningthingontheground.Therearefewpeoplenowadays,ifthereareany,whorememberhim.Youshouldstaywhereyouare,unlessyouareaskedtoleave.EvenifIaminvitedto,Iwon’tgotosuchabadlecture.Shehasfinishedtheworkearlierthanithasbeenexpected.Heopenedthedesk,asifhewasinsearchofsomethingimportant.\nThankyouBye!!!