高中英语语法—形容词、副词课件 54页

形容词、副词高中英语语法\n形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。例如：long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容词?形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．形容词\n形容词的用法\n1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.形容词作定语1)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序：直接放名词或代词前面\n2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：如果两个或者两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果没法区分密切程度，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后，如：aninterestingEnglishfilm一部有趣的英国电影asmallbutbeautifulroom（音节多的在后）一间小而漂亮的房间\n多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：在不确定的时候，可参照如下口诀：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房注释：美——描述性质；小——大小、长短、高矮胖瘦旧——新旧、年龄圆——形状；黄——颜色；法国——产地、国籍；木——材料；书房——用途anewredsilkcap一顶红色新丝帽ashortyoungJapanesebusinessman\n例题1)Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwoother　B.twolittleotherC.twootherlittle　D.littleothertwo2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestone　B.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChinese　D.Chinesestoneold答案点拨：C由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。答案点拨:A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。\n当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修饰不定代词时常后置“不+形”\n1.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.A.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.something3.Thereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing4.--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.ElsenobodyCCCC\nThetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词。你能说出几个？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容词作表语\n某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．有的已构成固定词组。形容词作宾语补足语1.Hemadeushappy.2.Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean．你应保持教室清洁。\n形容词的构成\n形容词的构成forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、＋edexcite—excitedworry—worriedsurprise—surprisedclose—closedinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened\n3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—excitingsurprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y所有表示天气状况的的形容词\nwool-woolenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northernfriendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely7.由“名词+ly”构成\n8.复合形容词aneight-year-oldboy一个八岁的男孩一段10分钟的步行路程aten-minutewalkatenminutes’walk放七天假haveaseven-dayholidayhaveasevendays’holidayhavesevendaysoff\n形容词的比较级和最高级构成和用法\n形容词的比较等级构成，有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。\n形容词原级的常用句型TomisastallasMike.1、as+形容词原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及／不如…TomisnotastallasMike.\n2、so+形容词原级+that丛句such+名词＋that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby thedoor.3,表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词+as”的结构。如：Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone这间房是那间房的三倍大\n形容词的比较级和最高级构成规则变化\ntallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est\nbetterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不规则变化\n1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词thanTomistallerthanJohn2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短语：much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.形容词比较级的常用句型注意：very不能修饰比较级。More可构成比较级，但不能修饰比较级\n4、…isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…数量+比较级than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级…，the+比较级…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖\n注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.\n1.…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数形容词最高级的常用句型2.…最高级+of(in)…(三者及以上范围的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.\n5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意：用the+形容词最高级形式+in接单数名词用the+形容词最高级形式+of接复数名词或表示复数的代词。Whoisthetallestintheclass?Whoisthetallestofthestudents。\n使用形容词比较级时1、可用“比较级形式+thananyother+单数名词来表达最高级的意思Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheschool。注意2.形容词比较级前一般不加the。但可用the+比较级形式+ofthetwo…来表达两者之间的比较。Heisthebetterofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs，hechosetheharder.Marywasthemorebeautifulofthetwo.OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone.\n注意区别下列两个句子：加拿大和澳大利亚，哪个国家更大?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?注意\n使用形容词最高级时1.可用“oneof+the最高级形式+名词复数”表示“是最……之一者。oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesisshanghai上海是最美的城市之一。注意：2.最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？3.如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。\n用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。什么叫副词?very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等.副词\n1.副词的作用:用来修饰动词.形容词.其它副词.全句或名词词组及句子副词的用法\n副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种：1、时间和频度副词：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地点副词：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副词：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,等.4、程度副词：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5、疑问副词：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑问句前）副词的种类6、关系副词：when,where,why（通常引导宾语从句）7、连接副词：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引导定语从句）\n1.有许多副词是对应的形容词加ly构成,realreally如:strongstrongly2.词尾是y的要把y变为i再加ly,如:busybusilyhappyhappily副词的构成\n4.有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y,如:true–trulyterrible--terribly3.以e结尾的,大部分直接加-ly,如:widewidelybravebravely\n形容词变副词1、一般加-lycareful--slow--2、辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i再加-lyhappily注意：名词+ly，构成形容词，不是副词！weekly,monthly,friendly,livelycarefullyslowlyhappy--heavily3、以e结尾的形容词：true-trulyterrible-terriblypossibe--possibly,comfortabe-comfortablywide–widelypolite-politelyshy-shylyheavy--\n注意：下列词既是形容词也是副词early–earlylate-latehigh–highhard-hardwell–wellfar–farfast–fastdeep–deephardly，几乎不lately最近，近来（现在完成时态标志）highly高度地,赞许地speakhighlyof高度评价deep与deeply区别：deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"\n副词的比较等级构成和用法1、副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。\n2、不规则变化\n副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.注意：MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly\n练习巩固\n1.Whata_____cough!Youseem___ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning____.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven____now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran___ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quicklyADCA\n7.Heistallerthan_______inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboyC\n9.--Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?--Itwasverybad.Itrained___.Peoplecould____goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly，hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard，hardly10.Englishisas______asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportantDA\n11.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It's_____usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks______.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly15.Wouldyoupleasespeak___?Istillcan'tfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowlyBBABD\n16.--Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphyscis?--No,chemistryisn’tas___asPhyscis.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult17.Inthispartofthecountry,wateris___oil.A.sodearasB.asdearasC.dearasD.sodear18.Thebreadis____thanthesecakes.A.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCBB19.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven___inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD\n20.--Didyouloveyourdaytrip?(10’南京)--Yes,weenjoyedtherollercoaster___ofall.A.mostB.littleC.needD.less22.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone____animportantjob___thepatientsareallgratefultothem.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.as,asABC\n24.Asthesportsmeeting,Simonjumpedas____asDaniel.(10’淮安)A.highB.higherC.slowD.slowerBAD\n3.Whichis___________(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?thebiggest用所给词的适当形式填空.4.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis___________(tall)ofthethree.thetallest5.MountQomolangmais__________(high)intheworld.thehighest6.Jimjumped_________(high)oftheall.highest\n7.Lookatthechildrenontheplayground.Theyareflyingkites________(愉快地).Let’sjointhem.(10’南京)8.Itis________(harm)foryoutoreadnewspapersinthesun.(10’淮安)9.Theh_____youclimb,themorebeautifulviewyouwillsee.(10’盐城)10.The________(pollute)watercausedthedeathofmanyfish.(10’徐州)11.Don’tbe_________(patient)!Youshouldlistentowhathewassayingfirst.(10’常州)igherhappilyharmfulpollutedimpatient\n12.Whichfilmis______________thisoneorthatone?(interesting)13.IthinkEnglishisoneof_______________subjectsinmiddleschool(important).14.LiLeidoesn'tstudyso____________ashissister.(care)15.Annisalittle__________thanJoan,butsheismuch________.(young,tall)16.TheChangjiangRiverisvery________.It'sthethird_______riverintheworld.(long)moreinterestingthemostimportantcarefullyyoungertallerlonglongest\n请在下面的横线上填入正确的词1.篮子里的苹果比箱子里的苹果更好吃.Theapplesinthebasketaremoredeliciousthan________inthebox.2.李先生讲的故事比王先生讲的更有趣ThestoryMrLitoldusismoreinterestingthan________MrWangtoldus.3.瓶子里的水比杯子里的水干净。Thewaterinthebottleiscleanerthan_____Intheglass.thosetheonethat\n4.魏华跑得比李雷慢许多。Weihuaruns_______________thanLilei5.上海比美国的任何城市都更大.Shanghaiisbiggerthan____________intheUSA.6.杭州比中国的任何城市都更美.Hangzhouismorebeautifulthan_____________inChina.anycityanyothercitymuchmoreslowly