高中英语语法过关辅导课件-名词 21页

附录语法过关落实(一)名　词一、名词的同义词辨析1.常作为考点的名词同义词approach；method；way；meansarea；region；field；districtargument；quarrel；debateaward；reward；prizebackground；environment；surroundingbehaviour；action；actbenefit；profitcase；example；instance；samplecause；reason；excuseclimate；weathercondition；situation\ncontest；competition；match；raceconsequence；resultcustom；habit；practicediet；fooddirection；instructionenergy；strength；force；power；abilityevent；affair；businessfault；mistake；errorglimpse；glance；look；sightlabour；work；job；taskmessage；news；information；wordopinion；idea；thought；mindpattern；design；style；modelpercent；percentage\npractice；training；exercisepurpose；aim；goal；targetscene；scenery；sight；viewshade；shadowskill；abilityspirit；couragesymbol；sign；markterm；condition；casetouch；contact；connectionvalue；price；costvariety；speciesview；sight；visionvoyage；trip；journeywage；salary；pay；income\n2.名词同义词辨析题解题技巧从三个方面考虑：①词义；②搭配(与介词或动词搭配)；③惯用法【例1】FindingoutabouttheseuniversitieshasbecomeeasyforanyonewithInternet________.A.entranceB.admissionC.accessD.entry[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。entrance“入口，门口，进入”；admission“允许进入，承认”；entry“进入，入口”。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等地的权利。如：Theywererefusedentrancetotheexhibition.“他们被拒于展览会门外。”Entrytothemuseumisfree.“这家博物馆免费进入参观。”Shefailedtogainadmissiontotheuniversityofherchoice.“她没有被自己选择的大学录取。”access“通道”，也可指接近或使用某东西的“权利，机会”。如：Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.“学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。”根据题意“对于可以使用互联网的人来说，要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。”可知答案为C。\n【例2】Exceptonformal________suchasofficialreception,Americansocietyhasacertainamountofinformality.A.conditionsB.casesC.occasionsD.situations[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单词都可作“情况”解。condition常与介词in或under搭配使用，多用复数形式：in/under...conditions“在……情况下，在……条件下，在……环境下”，但condition也可与介词on搭配，只能用单数形式：onconditionthat“只要，条件是”。case与介词in搭配：inthat/thiscase“在那(这)种情况下，如果那(这)样的话”，insuchcases“在这种情况下”，incaseof“如果，万一”。occasion与介词on搭配：onthat/thisoccasion“在那(这)种场合”，onspecialoccasions“在特殊场合”。situation与介词in搭配：inadifficultsituation“处境困难”，inunexpectedsituations“在意外情况下”。据此可知本题答案为C，题意是“除了在官方接待这样的正式场合，美国社会是较为随便的。”\n【例3】“Idon’tthinkit’smy________thattheTVblewup.Ijustturnediton,that’sall，”saidtheboy.A.errorB.mistakeC.faultD.duty[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。error,mistake和fault都可译为“错误”，但itisone’sfault是惯用法。如：It’snotmyfault./Whosefaultisitthatwe’relate？根据题意“我认为电视机爆炸不是我的错，我只是打开了电视，仅此而已。”可知答案为C。二、名词与动词的搭配playjokes/trickson开……的玩笑；捉弄takeadvantageof利用put...intopractice；turn...intoreality实行；实施\ntaketroubletodosth.不辞劳苦地做某事havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难makeanefforttodosth.努力去做某事takepainstodosth.尽力去做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事takenonoticeof；paynoattentionto不注意；忽视keep/getintouch/contactwith；haveconnectionwith与……保持/取得/有联系keep/bear...inmind；learn...byheart记住；熟记putone’sheartinto...；putone’smindto...全身心地去做……take...intoaccount/consideration将……考虑在内\ntakeaction；takemeasures采取措施take/followone’sadvice接受某人的建议makeanattempttodosth.试图做某事puzzleone’sbrainoversth.绞尽脑汁做某事takechargeof对……负责；掌管keepsb.company陪伴某人makeadifference起作用；与众不同makenodifference没有关系或影响；无关紧要haveanarrowescape九死一生comeintoexistence存在；成立findfaultwithsb.对某人吹毛求疵；找某人的岔子dosb.afavour帮助某人；帮某人的忙\nlend/givesb.ahand帮助某人have/form/developthehabitofdoingsth.有/养成……习惯make/leaveanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象haveaninfluence/impact/effecton/upon...对……有影响give/offersb.alift让某人搭便车；载某人一程takeamessageforsb.给某人捎个口信leavesb.amessage给某人留个口信bring/call...tomind使某人想起……satisfy/meet/coverone’sneeds/demands/requirements满足某人的需求/要求/条件cometopower执政；当权takepridein以……为豪；为……感到骄傲\ntakepossessionof拥有keeparecordof记录；记载takeresponsibilityfor对……负责takearisk冒险makeroomfor为……腾出地方makesense有道理；是明智的；有意义三、名词作定语1.名词作定语，通常表示中心词的用途、材料或特性。如：acoffeecup；telephonenumber；paperflowers；weatherforecast；seatbelt；incometax；identitycard；stonebridge；hearttrouble2.名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，但个别词除外。如：aclothesshop服装店；asportsmeet运动会；asportscar跑车；awomandoctor一个女医生；threewomendoctors三位女医生\n四、名词的数1.下列名词是不可数名词：information；luggage；furniture；equipment；baggage；jewellery；machinery；clothing；fruit；luck；fun；health；wealth；weather；confidence；access；respect等。Whatfunwehadontheseashore!Everybodyhasaccesstothepubliclibrary.2.下列名词通常作不可数名词用，但当指“具体的人、事”时是可数名词：surprise；pleasure；satisfaction；honour；failure；success；help；delight；shock；fright；comfort；concern；pride等。Heisstillinastateofshock.他还是很吃惊。Thenewsofhisdeathcameasashocktousall.他去世的消息令我们很震惊。\n3.下列不可数名词可与不定冠词连用，特别是其前有形容词修饰时：interest；knowledge等。Hehasawideknowledgeofpaintingandmusic.4.下列名词有时可用作可数名词：tea；coffee。Twoteasandthreecoffees,please.5.下列名词常用复数形式：congratulations；greetings；regards；wishes；tears；belongings；surroundings等。Congratulationsonyourexamresults!6.下列名词是复数名词：police；people；folk(s)；cattle等。Thepoliceareinsearchoftheattemptedmurderer.7.下列名词作可数名词和不可数名词时，意义不同：word(可数)“字；词；话语”：HaveawordwithPatandseewhatshethinks.(不可数)“消息；信息”：\nShesentwordthatshewouldbelate.exercise(可数)“练习；习题”：Ourteachergaveusmanyexercisesforustodoafterschool.(不可数)“锻炼；运动”：Swimmingisgoodexercise.room(可数)“房间”：Helivesinalargeroom,whichiswellfurnished.(不可数)“空间”：Thistabletakesuptoomuchroom.experience(可数)“经历”：LivinginAfricawasquiteanexperienceforher.(不可数)“经验”：Shehasmuchteachingexperience.work(可数)“作品；艺术品”：\nManyworksofartwerestolenfromthemuseumlastnight.(不可数)“工作”：It’sdifficulttofindworkinthepresenteconomicclimate.过关落实1.Heandhiswifeareofthesame________；theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.A.soulB.spiritC.heartD.mind解析：beofthesamemind想法一样。答案：D2.Onethousanddollarsamonthisnotafortunebutwouldhelpcovermyliving________.A.billsB.expensesC.pricesD.charges解析:livingexpenses生活费;bills指账单;charges意为收费。答案：B\n3.Thepracticeofhangingclothesacrossthestreetisacommon________inmanypartsofthecity.A.lookB.signC.sightD.appearance解析：sight景象，景观；look表情，面貌；sign标志，符号；appearance表象，外貌。答案：C4.—Youarealwaysfullof________.Canyoutellmethesecret?—Takingplentyofexerciseeveryday.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy解析：fullofenergy充满活力；power常指权力，电力；strength力气；force武力。答案：D\n5.Ofthesevendaysinaweek，Saturdayissaidtobethemostpopular________foraweddinginsomecountries.A.wayB.situationC.eventD.choice解析：“周六是婚礼的最佳选择”，用choice。答案：D6.Mymorning________includesjoggingintheparkandreadingnewspapersoverbreakfast.A.drillB.actionC.regulationD.routine解析：routine表示常规或惯例。答案：D\n7.AIDScontrolandpreventionisa______toChinaaswellasthewholeworld.A.surpriseB.challengeC.reactionD.threat解析：beachallengeto...，对……来说是个挑战。答案：B8.Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof________.A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balance解析：由句意可知outofshape指“变形”。答案：B\n9.—IfyoulikeIcandosomeshoppingforyou.—That’saverykind________.A.offerB.serviceC.pointD.suggestion解析：offer作名词时意为“提供、提议”。答案：A10.Findinginformationintoday’sworldiseasy.The________ishowyoucantelliftheinformationyougetisusefulornot.A.abilityB.competitionC.challengeD.knowledge解析：由句意“找出信息是容易的，但如何判断信息是否有用则是个挑战”可知。答案：C\n11.Mickeyboughtanoldcarcheaply，cleaneditupandsolditthenextweekata________.A.benefitB.bargainC.profitD.prize解析：ataprofit(of)意为“(以赚……)而获利”。答案：C12.Althoughitisnotournormal________togivecreditinourshop，thistimeIthinkweshouldconsiderthemattermoreclosely.A.habitB.intentionC.actionD.practice解析：由句意“尽管我们店里不常赊帐……”，可知此处practice指“惯例、习俗”。答案：D\n13.HecanspeakEnglish，German，FrenchandJapanese.Heisnearlyamanwitha________forlanguages.A.giftB.presentC.rewardD.wealth解析：gift此处意为“天赋、禀赋”。答案：A14.Hewas________asadesigner，whichwas________tousall.A.asuccess；asurpriseB.success；surpriseC.asuccess；surpriseD.success；asurprise解析：success，surprise均为抽象名词，但当其指“成功(令人惊讶)的人或事”时，则已具体化，为可数名词。答案：A\n15.Theywavedwiththeirhandsandhatsalast________totheirfriends.A.congratulationB.lookC.farewellD.leave解析：farewell同goodbye，表“辞别、告别”。答案：C