初中英语同义句归纳 21页

初中英语同义句归纳1．Nicetomeetyou!Nicetoseeyou!Gladtomeetyou!Gladtoseeyou!2．Howoldareyou?What’syourage?3．CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?MayIhelpyou?回答:[Yes,please.][No,thanks.\No,thankyou.]4．That'sallright.You'rewelcome.It'smypleasure.Mypleasure.Don'tmentionit.Notatall.That'sOK.5．Bye.Seeyou.Good-bye.Bye-bye.6．I'mfine.I'mOK.I'mallright.7．MynameisGreen.I'mGreen.Green.8．Heismyuncle.Heismyfather'sbrother.9．LiLongandLiuWenarehisparents.LiLongandLiuWenarehisfatherandmother.10．Ihaveacomputeronmytable.Thereisacomputeronmytable.11．Myparentsareathome.Myfatherandmotherareathome.12．JimsitsonMary'sleft.JimsitsnexttoMary.13．Aweekhassevendays.Therearesevendaysinaweek.14．I'msorrythatIamlateforclassI'msorrytobelateforclass.15．Ourschoolhastwentyclasses.Therearetwentyclassesinourschool.16．Icangivehermypencil.Icangivemypenciltoher.17．Whattimeisit?What'sthetime?18．Isitacatorahat?Whatisit,acatorahat?19．Pleasegivetheappletome.\nPleasegivemetheapple.20．Myshoesareblack.Theblackshoesaremine.21．Thosewhiteclothesarehers.Thoseareherwhiteclothes.22．LiLeiisoneofmyfriends.LiLeiisafriendofmine.23．Arethesepearsyellow?Aretheseyellowpears?24．LinTaoandLiLeiarenine.LinTaoisnine.LiLeiisnine,too.25．Iseveryoneheretoday?Areweallheretoday?26．Yourclassroomlookslikeourclassroom.Yourclassroomandourclassroomlookthesame.27．What'sthecat'sname?What'sthenameofthecat?28．TheseareJim'spicture.ThesepicturesareJim's.29．Theyareindifferentschools.Theyaren'tinthesameschool.30．LinTaoisinRowOne.JimisinRowThree.LinTaoandJimaren’tinthesamerow.31．LiLeiisinClass1.JimisinClass1,too.LiLeiandJimareinthesameclass.32．Thesebananasareyellow.Theseareyellowbananas.33．Billismyfriend.Billisafriendofmine.34．It'stimeforschool.It'stimetogotoschool.35．Aliceisagirl,andsheisEnglish.AliceisanEnglishgirl.36．Givemethebottleoforange.Givethebottleoforangetome.37．ThereisaneraserinBill'shand.Billhasaneraserinhishand.38．Herbedroomisn'tbig.Shehasasmallbedroom.39．What'stheEnglishforthis?What'sthisinEnglish?40．Whatcoloristhecar?What'sthecolorofthecar?41.Theseareourredsweaters.\nTheseredsweatersareours.42.What'syourname?MayIknowyourname?初中英语同义句转换精析1.同义句转换题是近几年来中考英语试题的常见题型之一。该题型能够全面考查学生灵活运用英语的能力，要求学生反应敏捷，联想丰富，能用不同的句子或短语来表达同一意义。本文就同义句转换题的特点及转换形式进行分析，希望从中帮助同学们找出规律，提高其应试能力。2.Eg:Peoplewereinahurrytotakethesickmantohospital.（写出同义句)People______________takethesickmantohospital.Peoplehurriestotakethesickmantohospital.同义句转换的实质就是替代、合并和改写句子。具体分析如下：一：替代1、用一个新的词、短语替代原句中有关部分。如：①IreceivedaletterfromLucy.=IheardfromLucy.(receivealetterfrom→hearfrom)②Ioftenwalktoschooleveryday.=Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.(walk→goonfoot)③ShedecidedtostoplearningEnglish.=ShedecidedtogiveupEnglish.(stopdoingsth.→giveupdoingsth.)2、用反义词来替代。如：3、④Weareindifferentrows.=Wearen’tinthesamerow.(different→same)4、⑤Mybikeischeaperthanyours.=Yourbikeismoreexpensivethanmine.(cheap→expensive)用反义词或反义短语来替换时，一般会有一个否定意义的词，如not,less,no,never,hardly等。二：合并句子合并句子一般是通过并列连词将两个简单句合并为一句。常见的并列连词有：notonly…butalso,both…and,neither…nor,either…or等。例如：⑥Marydidn’tgotothepark.Ididn’t,either.=NeitherMarynorIwenttothepark.⑦WeiHuamaygotothecinema,orAnnmaybecausethereisonlyoneticket.=EitherWeiHuaorAnnmaygotothecinemabecausethereisonlyoneticket.⑧Johnhasgotapenfriend.Mikehasgotapenfriend,too.=NotonlyJohnbutalsoMikehasgotapenfriend.=BothJohnandMikehavegotpenfriends.三：改写句子通过能够表达同一意义的不同句型、句式、语态的转换，来达到改写句子的目的。具体可分为：\n1、复合句改为简单句。含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，可用不定式改写，将宾语从句中的谓语动词变为不定式。如：⑨Weallagreethatweshouldleaveatonce.=Weallagreetoleaveatonce.⑩Couldyoutellmewhenwewillstart?=Couldyoutellmewhentostart?含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，还可用复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补助语来改写。如：1.Isawhewentintotheroomjustnow.=Isawhimgointotheroomjustnow.2.Edison’smotherfoundthathewasacleverboy.=Edison’smotherfoundhimclever.WeheardthatshewassinginginEnglish.=WeheardhersinginginEnglish.2、含状语从句的复合句变简单句时，常用以下方法：以so…that　引导的结果状语从句常转换为　too…to或enoughto　结构。如：Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.另外还可通过结构和语态的转换来改写。如：Ican’tfinishtheworkifyoudon’thelpme.=Ican’tfinishtheworkwithoutyourhelp.=Ican’tfinishtheworkunlessyouhelpme.Weusecomputersinmanyways.=Computersareusedinmanyways.3、句型间的转换，要求对能够表达同一意义的常用句型结构了解甚透。如：　Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomework.=Ispenttwohoursinfinishingmyhomework.Ifyoudon’thurry,youwillbelate.=Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.4、还可利用词性转换来改写。如：Therewasaheavysnowherelastnight.=Itsnowedheavilyherelastnight.UncleWanginventedthemachine.=UncleWangwastheinventorofthemachine.同义句转换是句型转换题型中一种非常重要的形式。所谓同义句转换，是指用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示相同或相近的意思。它是中考命题的一大热点。现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳，以期对同学们的中考复习有所帮助。一、用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写。1.Thechildrenarewearingbeautifulclothes.Thechildrenare_________beautifulclothes.2.Everyday,YaoMingreceivesE-mailsfromthousandsofbasketballfans.Everyday,YaoMing_________thousandsofbasketballfans.3.Mr.Smithisworking.Mr.Smithis____________________.\n答案：1.in2.hearsfrom3.atwork简析：英语中有不少同义、近义词(组)，在平时学习中要注意总结归纳。如：enjoyoneself/haveagoodtime,lookafter/takecareof,difficult/hard,can/beableto,over/morethan,receive(get)aletterfrom/hearfrom等等。二、用反义词(组)改写。4.ChineseismorepopularthanJapanese.Japaneseis__________popular__________Chinese.5.Therunnercouldn'tcatchupwiththeothersintherace.Therunner___________________theothersintherace.6.AcomputerismoreusefulthanaVCD.AVCDisnot_________useful_________acomputer.答案：4.less,than5.fellbehind6.as，as简析：此类转换应注意有时主语位置会改变，并要特别总结归纳反义词(组)。如：new-old,big-small,long-short,morethan-lessthan等。三、用同义句型改写。7.Annspenttwoweeksgettingreadyfortheexams.It________Anntwoweeksto__________readyfortheexams.8.Shespent30dollarsontheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionary_____________________30dollars.答案：7.took,get8.costher简析：此类转换必须弄清每个句型的构成特点，而且还要注意句中每个句型的固定搭配。如：givesb.sth.与givesth.tosb.的转换，spendsometime(in)doingsth.／onsth.与Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.的转换等等。四、二句并一句转换为简单句。9.Jimdoesn'tlikenoodles，andJackdoesn't,either._________Jim_________Jacklikesnoodles.10.Mrs.Smithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.Mrs.Smithis__________________myteacher__________________mygoodfriend.答案：9.Neither,nor10.notonly,butalso简析：英语中常用notonly...butalso，either...or,neither...nor,both...and等连词把两个意义相关的简单句合并成一个简单句。解题过程中要注意连词的选用和主谓一致原则。除此之外，还可用too...to,enoughto等把两个简单句合并成另一简单句。如：Tomisyoung.Hecan'tgotoschool.→Tomistooyoungtogotoschool.五、用派生词或多义词改写。11.Thesnowwasheavylastnight.It__________________lastnight.答案：snowedheavily简析：句中名词snow和形容词heavy转换成了动词snowed和副词heavily。六、并列句与复合句的互换。12.Ifyouplaybasketballhere，youmaybreakthewindows._________playbasketballhere,_________youmaybreakthewindows.13.Goonplantingtreesfortwomoreyearsandthehillwillbecoveredwith\ngreentrees.Ifwegoonplantingtrees，thehillwill__________________intwo__________________.答案：12.Don't,or13.turngreen,years'time简析：含有祈使句的并列句，可转换为含if条件句的复合句。七、简单句与复合句的互换。14.Doyouknowhowyoucangetthekitedownfromthetree?Doyouknow__________________getthekitedownfromthetree?答案:howto简析：复合句转换为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有：(1)用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词短语替换；(2)将宾语从句简化为"疑问词＋不定式"；(3)将so...that...(such...that...)引导的状语从句简化为含有too...to...(或enoughto)的简单句；(4)将if引导的状语从句简化为"祈使句，and(or)＋句子"。八、综合转换。15.Somethingiswrongwiththatmachine.Thatmachine__________________.答案：doesn'twork简析：综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。至于一些特殊形式的变化，同学们在解题过程中要不断归纳总结，彻底掌握它们。下面就请你做几道练习题一试身手吧！1.Bikeisshortforbicycle.Bikeis___________________________sayingbicycle.2.IttookMaryanhourtodoherhomeworklastnight.Mary_________anhour_________herhomeworklastnight.3.Theymadehimwork12hoursaday.He____________________________________12hoursaday.4.IamaLeaguemember.HeisaLeaguemember,too._________he_________I_________Leaguemembers.5.Heissoyoungthathecan'tjointhearmy.Heis_________young_________thearmy.6.Theplayersmiledandjumpedintotheriver.Theplayerjumpedintotheriver___________________________.7.Mr.BrownleftLondonsixyearsago.Mr.Brown____________________________________Londonforsixyears.8.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Themoonis____________________________________theearth.9.Heisoneofmyfriends.Heisafriend__________________.10.Theteachertoldusthatweshouldnotmeetattheschoolgate.Theteachertoldus___________________________attheschoolgate.11.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.It'sinteresting.Ihave__________________totellyou.\n12.Isawthemplayingbasketballthere.Isaw_________they__________________basketballthere.13.Listencarefully,andyou'llbecomemoreinterested.__________________listencarefully,you'llbecomemoreinterested.14.Shehasbeenanurseforfiveyears.It____________________________________shebecameanurse.15.Allarehere,butourEnglishteacherisn't._________ishere_________ourEnglishteacher.16.Itwassointerestingafilmthatallofussawittwice.Itwas__________________interesting_________thatallofussawittwice.17.MotherwasbusywithsomehouseworkwhenIgothome.Motherwas__________________somehouse-workwhenIgothome.参考答案：1.anotherwayof2.spent;on/doing3.wasmadetowork4.Both;and;are5.too;tojoin6.withasmile7.hasbeenawayfrom8.notas／sobigas9.ofmine10.nottomeet11.somethinginteresting12.that;wereplaying13.Ifyou14.isfiveyearssince15.Everyone／Everybody,except／but16.suchan;film17.busydoing初中英语重点同义句句型精选501.Doremembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave._____________youlockthedoorwhenyouleave.2.ThelittlegirlwantedtoknowwhenherfathercouldtakehertoParis.Thelittlegirlwantedtoknow____________betakentoParis.3.Frenchisnotthefirstlanguageinanyofthesecountries.Frenchisthefirstlanguagein_____________thesecountries.4.Myunclelefttheroom.hesaidnothingtous.Myunclelefttheroom_____________anythingtous.5.Hewasn＇tgoodatEnglish.Ithought.I_______________hewasgoodatenglish.6.BothMikeandMaryhavebeentoBeijing.(否定句)______Mike______Mary______beentoBeijing.7.Ittookhimanhourtowritetheletter.He_______anhour_______theletter.8.Weshouldknockalongstickintotheearth.Alongstick______________________intotheearth.9.Shepaid400yuanforthenewbike.Thenewbike_____________400yuan.10.Howaboutplayingbasketballwithus?__________playfootballwithus?11."WillWangFengcomehereinaminute?"sheasked.Sheasked______WangFeng______comehereinaminute?12.Jimdidn＇tvisitthemuseumyesterday.Hestayedathome.Jimstayedathomeyesterday_____________visitingthemuseum.13.TherearemorepeopleinChinathaninIndia.The________ofChinais________thanthatofIndia.\n14.Thetalkisveryimportant.Thetalkis_____great______.15.Hecan＇tcatchthebusifhedoesn＇trunfast.Hecan＇tcatchthebus______he______fast.16.YoushouldletsomeonerepairtheTVset.Youshould______theTVset__________.17Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.Jimwantstogoboatingand_______________hisparents.18.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn＇tskateonit.Theiceonthelakewasnot______enough______peopleto_________.19.HowmanypeoplearethereinFrance.___________thepopulationofFrance?20.WeholdtheInternationalKiteFestivalinWeifangeveryyear.TheInternationalKiteFestival___________inWeifangeveryyear.21.TheysaythatMrliucanspeakGerman.____________thatMrLiucanspeakGerman.22.Mysisterprefersreadingtogoingshopping.Mysisterlikes_____________thangoingshopping.Mysisterprefers_________ratherthan______shopping.23.IfeellikegoingtothezoowithmyfriendsthisSaturday.I_______liketo____tothezoowithmyfriendsthisSaturday.24.Hedoesn＇tdoanyotherthings.Heisonlyoninternet.Heisalwaysoninternet___________doingotherthings.25.Thepicturewasusuallyputupintheparkneartheplayground.Thepicturewasputupinthepark____totheplaygroundas_______.26.Itseemsthathehashadacold.Heseems___________hadacold.27.Thetreeissotallthatwecan＇treachit.Thetreeis______tall______us___________.28.I＇minterestedintheoldmuseuminthiscity.Theoldmuseuminthiscity_________________me.29.Theykneweverythingonlyafteryoutoldhim.Theyknew_____________youtoldhim.30.Therearemanytreesaroundthehouse.It＇smyhouse.Thehouse______manytreesaroundis_______.31.Iwon＇tpasstheexamifyoudon＇thelp.Iwon＇tpasstheexam______your_______.32.FatherChristmascomesfromarealpersoninhistory.FatherChristmasis____________arealpersoninhistory.33.Hedoesn＇tknowmuchJapanese.He______onlya______Japanese.34.Ifyouaskhim,hewillyoutellyouthetruth._______him,______hewilltellyouthetruth.35.Shelikestomakeherownclothes.Shedoesn＇tliketobuytheminshops.\nSheprefersmakingherownclothes__________buyingtheminshops.36.NeitherTomnorJackreadyesterday＇snewspaper.Tomdidn＇treadyesterday＇snewspaper,_______________Jack.37.Iheardhewassinginginthenextroom.Iheard_____________inthenextroom.38.Peteris150centimeterstall,soisMike.Mikeisthesame_____________Peter.39.Thedoctortoldhimtostopsmoking.Thedoctortoldhimto____________smoking.40.Pleasedon＇tmakeourroomdirty.Please_____ourclassroom____.41.Theheavyrainstoppedthemfromleavinghome.Theheavyrain_______them_______athome.42.Thisbookisn＇tasinterestingasthatone.Thisbookis_______interestingthanthatone.43.Therearemorepeopleinthiscitythaninthatcity.The_____ofthiscityis_______than_____ofthatone.44.ThisbookhasnothingtodowithEnglish.Thisbookis____________English.45.Bobhadnoteacher,buthelearnedEnglishwellathisyoungage.Bob______________Englishwhenhewasyoung.46.There＇snobodybutapassengerinthebus.There＇s______onepassengerinthebus.47.Bob＇slonelybecauseit＇sdifficultforhimtomakefriends.Bob＇slonelybecausehe______________atmakingfriends.48.Plantmoretreeseveryyearandthedesertwillbecomegreeninafewyears＇time.Ifyouplantmoretreeseveryyear,thedesertwill____________withgreentreesinafewyears＇time.49.Thejacketcostsolittlethatheboughtit.Thejacket_________________forhimtobuy.50.Hisfatherisworking.Hisfatheris_____________答案：1.Makesure2.whento3.noneof4.withoutsaying5.didn＇tthinkthat6.Neithernorhas7.spentwriting(on)8.shouldbeknocked9.costher10.Whynot11.if/whetherwould12.insteadof13.populationlarger14.ofimportance15.unlessruns16.haverepaired17.sodo18.thickforskateon19.Whatis20.isheld21.It＇ssaid22.readingbetter23.wouldgo24.insteadof25.nextusual26.tohave27.toofortoreach28.isinterestingto29.nothingbefore/until30withmine31.withouthelp32.basedon33.knowslittle34.Askand35.insteadof36.neither/nordid37.himsinging38.heithtas39.giveup40.keepclean41.keptstaying42.less43.populationlargerthat44.notabout45.taughthimself46.only47.isbad48.becovered49.wascheapenough50.atwork\n同义句转换题解题技巧同义句转换是各类考试中常见的一种题型。该题型要求较高，难度较大，考生容易失分。它主要是考查对句型的活用，同一个内容多种形式表达的能力。下面谈谈同义转换的解题技巧。①应弄清楚所给句子的内容和句式结构，试题填空部分与原句的对应关系，表达形式。②根据所给空位，确定同义的句式和恰当的词语。③对特殊结构的句型和习惯表达要仔细斟酌。【经典范例引路】例1Theoldmanstoodthereanddidn’tknowwhatheshoulddonext.Theoldmanstoodthereanddidn’tknowdonext.简析：下一句要填的两个空与上句的Whatheshould对应。即用两个词表示上句三个词的意思。上句know后是宾语从句，下句两个空应填whatto，是疑问句+动词不定式结构。例2Hurryup,oryou'llmisstheearlybus.we,you’llmisstheearlybus.简析：原句是祈使句，要完成的句子有三个空，且多了一个主语，要用三个空表示“Hurryup,or”的意思。而原句中的or是表示条件的，下一句理应改为条件状语从句：“Ifwedon'thurry”。例3Theirfootballteamismuchstrongerthantheothertwo.Theirfootballteamisofthe.简析：本题原句是个比较级句型，而转换后的句型根据“of”的标志应是最高级句型。因为从句意上看是有三个足球队，空格处填thestrongest;three,意思与原句相同。同义句转换典型例题分析例1（江西省，2002）在改写后的句子空白处填入一个适当的词，使该句与原句的意思相同或相近。(1)A:RemembertoringmeupassoonasyougettoLondon.B:Make________togivemearingassoonasyou________London.(2)A:Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.B:Librarybooksshould________________ontime.(3)A:Thefactoryisnotfarfromhere.Itonlytakesyoutenminutesbybike.B:Thefactoryis________here.It'sonlytenminutes'_________.(4)A:Tomhadnotimeforbreakfast.Hewenttoschoolinahurry.B:Tom________toschool________breakfast.(5)A:AllthestudentsinourclassareChineseexceptPeter.B:________Peterisa________inourclass.【分析】（1）makesure表示“务必”，getto=reach=arrivein/at.根据句意及要求，应填sure，reach；（2）表示“归还”用giveback或return,且应用被动语态，be\nreturned；（3）notfar即是near，ride表示“骑自行车等交通工具”，作名词用，填near，ride；（4）inahurry“匆忙地”，填hurried，without；（5）except“除……之外，只有”。填only，foreigner；【答案】(1)sure,reach(2)be,retuned(3)near,ride(4)hurried/ran,without(5)Only,foreigner【说明】多角度地思考问题能达到“曲径通幽”之效果。应从同义词组，语态，时态，句意，句式等各个方面加以分析。在每一小题的空白处填入一个词使之与原句意思相同。例2　（广州市，2001）(1)Twoyearsagoweusedthatmachinetomakeshoesforchildren.Twoyearsagothatmachine________________________________shoesforchildren.(2)MybrotherwenttoBeijinglastweek,andshehasn'tcomebackyet.Mymother________________________Beijing.(3)Idon'tlistentotheradiowhenI'mspading.Mycousindoesn'tlistentotheradiowhenhe'sspading,either.Idon'tlistentotheradiowhenI'mspading._________________mycousin.(4)Theteachertoldusthatwewouldnotmeetattheschoolgate.Theteachertoldus________________________attheschoolgate.(5)Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.Thehole________________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.【分析】（1）要变成过去时态的被动语态；（2）从原句意义分析我妈妈还没回，是“到北京去了”用完成时态；（3）涉及到neither的用法问题，要倒装，用助动词does；（4）将宾语从句转换成不定式tellsb.nottodosth；（5）涉及到so…that与not…enoughfor或too…to的运用。【答案】(1)wasusedtomake(2)hasgoneto(3)Neitherdoes(4)nottomeet(5)istoosmallfor或isn'tbig/largeenoughfor【说明】特定的词组往往有特定的用法，如此题中的neither，too...to。1.Doremembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave._____________youlockthedoorwhenyouleave.\n2.ThelittlegirlwantedtoknowwhenherfathercouldtakehertoParis.Thelittlegirlwantedtoknow____________betakentoParis.3.Frenchisnotthefirstlanguageinanyofthesecountries.Frenchisthefirstlanguagein_____________thesecountries.4.Myunclelefttheroom.hesaidnothingtous.Myunclelefttheroom_____________anythingtous.5.Hewasn'tgoodatEnglish.Ithought.I_______________hewasgoodatenglish.6.BothMikeandMaryhavebeentoBeijing.(否定句)______Mike______Mary______beentoBeijing.7.Ittookhimanhourtowritetheletter.He_______anhour_______theletter.8.Weshouldknockalongstickintotheearth.Alongstick______________________intotheearth.9.Shepaid400yuanforthenewbike.Thenewbike_____________400yuan.10.Howaboutplayingbasketballwithus?__________playfootballwithus?11."WillWangFengcomehereinaminute?"sheasked.Sheasked______WangFeng______comehereinaminute?12.Jimdidn'tvisitthemuseumyesterday.Hestayedathome.Jimstayedathomeyesterday_____________visitingthemuseum.13.TherearemorepeopleinChinathaninIndia.The________ofChinais________thanthatofIndia.14.Thetalkisveryimportant.Thetalkis_____great______.15.Hecan'tcatchthebusifhedoesn'trunfast.Hecan'tcatchthebus______he______fast.16.YoushouldletsomeonerepairtheTVset.Youshould______theTVset__________.17Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.Jimwantstogoboatingand_______________hisparents.18.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.Theiceonthelakewasnot______enough______peopleto_________.19.HowmanypeoplearethereinFrance.___________thepopulationofFrance?20.WeholdtheInternationalKiteFestivalinWeifangeveryyear.TheInternationalKiteFestival___________inWeifangeveryyear.21.TheysaythatMrliucanspeakGerman.____________thatMrLiucanspeakGerman.22.Mysisterprefersreadingtogoingshopping.Mysisterlikes_____________thangoingshopping.Mysisterprefers_________ratherthan______shopping.23.IfeellikegoingtothezoowithmyfriendsthisSaturday.\nI_______liketo____tothezoowithmyfriendsthisSaturday.24.Hedoesn'tdoanyotherthings.Heisonlyoninternet.Heisalwaysoninternet___________doingotherthings.25.Thepicturewasusuallyputupintheparkneartheplayground.Thepicturewasputupinthepark____totheplaygroundas_______.26.Itseemsthathehashadacold.Heseems___________hadacold.27.Thetreeissotallthatwecan'treachit.Thetreeis______tall______us___________.28.I'minterestedintheoldmuseuminthiscity.Theoldmuseuminthiscity_________________me.29.Theykneweverythingonlyafteryoutoldhim.Theyknew_____________youtoldhim.30.Therearemanytreesaroundthehouse.It'smyhouse.Thehouse______manytreesaroundis_______.31.Iwon'tpasstheexamifyoudon'thelp.Iwon'tpasstheexam______your_______.32.FatherChristmascomesfromarealpersoninhistory.FatherChristmasis____________arealpersoninhistory.33.Hedoesn'tknowmuchJapanese.He______onlya______Japanese.34.Ifyouaskhim,hewillyoutellyouthetruth._______him,______hewilltellyouthetruth.35.Shelikestomakeherownclothes.Shedoesn'tliketobuytheminshops.Sheprefersmakingherownclothes__________buyingtheminshops.36.NeitherTomnorJackreadyesterday'snewspaper.Tomdidn'treadyesterday'snewspaper,_______________Jack.37.Iheardhewassinginginthenextroom.Iheard_____________inthenextroom.38.Peteris150centimeterstall,soisMike.Mikeisthesame_____________Peter.39.Thedoctortoldhimtostopsmoking.Thedoctortoldhimto____________smoking.40.Pleasedon'tmakeourroomdirty.Please_____ourclassroom____.41.Theheavyrainstoppedthemfromleavinghome.Theheavyrain_______them_______athome.42.Thisbookisn'tasinterestingasthatone.Thisbookis_______interestingthanthatone.43.Therearemorepeopleinthiscitythaninthatcity.The_____ofthiscityis_______than_____ofthatone.44.ThisbookhasnothingtodowithEnglish.Thisbookis____________English.45.Bobhadnoteacher,buthelearnedEnglishwellathisyoungage.\nBob______________Englishwhenhewasyoung.46.There'snobodybutapassengerinthebus.There's______onepassengerinthebus.47.Bob'slonelybecauseit'sdifficultforhimtomakefriends.Bob'slonelybecausehe______________atmakingfriends.48.Plantmoretreeseveryyearandthedesertwillbecomegreeninafewyears'time.Ifyouplantmoretreeseveryyear,thedesertwill____________withgreentreesinafewyears'time.49.Thejacketcostsolittlethatheboughtit.Thejacket_________________forhimtobuy.50.Hisfatherisworking.Hisfatheris_____________中考英语分类复习答案：1.Makesure2.whento3.noneof4.withoutsaying5.didn'tthinkthat6.Neithernorhas7.spentwriting(on)8.shouldbeknocked9.costher10.Whynot11.if/whetherwould12.insteadof13.populationlarger14.ofimportance15.unlessruns16.haverepaired17.sodo18.thickforskateon19.Whatis20.isheld21.It'ssaid22.readingbetter23.wouldgo24.insteadof25.nextusual26.tohave27.toofortoreach28.isinterestingto29.nothingbefore/until30withmine31.withouthelp32.basedon33.knowslittle34.Askand35.insteadof36.neither/nordid37.himsinging38.heithtas39.giveup40.keepclean41.keptstaying42.less43.populationlargerthat44.notabout45.taughthimself46.only47.isbad48.becovered49.wascheapenough50.atwork聚焦中考同义句转换“十二类型”同义句转换题近几年被全国各地中考英语试题广泛采用，为必考题型之一。它属于句型转换题，但要求不能改变句子意思，即依据给出的句子，通过以词、词组、句式、语法的改变及换句来改写句子，且转换前后的句意应保持一致。从某种意义上讲，同义句也就是一句多译。日常学习过程中，必须加强一句多译的总结训练，注重转换的思路和方法，提高同义句转换的能力。下面就总结归纳一下同义句转换的十二种类型：【类型一】运用同义词或同义词组替换原句的有关部分。【解题要领】将原句中的某些词或词组，用其同义词或同义词组进行替换改变，这是同义句转换使用最多的类型。在英语新教材中，同义词或词组的运用非常广泛，学习过程中要尽可能多地去归纳总结，以达到熟能生巧，举一反三的程度。【精典例句】1、他擅长绘画。Heisgoodatdrawing．／Hedoeswellindrawing．2、今天风很大。Thereisastrongwindtoday．／It'sverywindytoday．3、明天我们将乘飞机去东京。TomorrowwewillgotoTokyobyair．／TomorrowwewillflytoTokyo．4、王先生在六点钟到达了火车站。MrWangreached／gotto／arrivedattherailwaystationatsix．\n5、这本书花了我10元钱。Ispenttenyuanonthebook．／Ipaidtenyuanforthebook．／Thebookcostmetenyuan．【直击中考】1．Shegotaletterfromherpenfriendlastweek．（2002甘肃省）She_________________herpenfriendlastweek．2．Lindalikesmusicbetterthanart．（2002呼和浩特市）Linda________music________art．3．Theyenjoyedthemselvesatthegardenparty．（2002广州市）They________________________________atthegardenparty．4．TheSmithsteachthemselvesChineseafterwork．（2002聊城市）TheSmiths________Chinese________themselvesafterwork．【类型二】运用反义词或词组改写原句有关部分。【解题要领】此类转换主要是通过改换主语和运用其相关词或词组的反义，进行同义转换。【精典例句】1、我向他借了一台电脑。Iborrowedacomputerfromhim．／Helentacomputertome．2、我认为数学比英语难。IthinkmathsisharderthanEnglish．IthinkEnglishiseasierthanmaths．【直击中考】5．ChineseismorepopularthanJapanese．（2001宁夏）Japaneseis________popularthanChinese．6．Therunnerfellbehindtheothersthoughhedidwhathecould．（2001济南市）Therunner________to________withtheothersthoughhe________his________．【类型三】运用相同涵义的不同句式来表达。【解题要领】不同的句式表达同一涵义是英语表达的显著特点。在英语新教材中，这样的句式应用得也比较广泛。如：CanIhelpyou？／MayIhelpyou？／WhatcanIdoforyou？（我能帮你吗？）应要求学生充分掌握。【精典例句】1、这位画家画一匹马花费了两个钟头。Theartistspenttwohoursdrawingahorse．／Ittooktheartisttwohourstodrawahorse．2、让我们去动物园好吗？Shallwegotothezoo？／Let'sgotothezoo，shallwe？3、今天天气怎么样？What'stheweatherliketoday？／How'stheweathertoday？【直击中考】7．Don'topenthedoor，willyou？（2002盐城市）Willyouplease________thedoor________？8．HowmanypeopleliveinFrance？（2002厦门市）________________thepopulationofFrance？9．Wespenttwentyminutescleaningtheroomyesterday．（2002哈尔滨市）It________________twentyminutes________________theroomyesterday．【类型四】运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换。【解题要领】感叹句的两种句式可进行相互转换，但必须把握其句型。\n1）How＋adj．／adv．＋主语＋谓语！2）What＋a（an）＋adj．＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！What＋adj．＋复数名词／不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！【精典例句】1．这个男孩多么善良啊！Howkindtheboyis！／Whatakindboyheis！2．这首乐曲多么优美啊！Howbeautifulthemusicis！／Whatbeautifulmusicitis！【直击中考】10．Howbeautifultheparkis！（2000广州市）_________________________parkitis！【类型五】运用两种时态进行改写。【解题要领】这两种时态是针对一般过去时与现在完成时而言的。一般过去时应表述发生在过去某一时间的动作，惟此，才可能转为现在完成时，并后跟一段时间，但应特别注意动词是否属于延续性动词，如果为非延续性动词，则需将其改为延续性动词或延续性状态。这样的动词主要有：begin／start—beon；come—behere；leave—beaway（from）；buy—have；borrow—keep；die—bedead；return—beback；marry—bemarried；fallasleep／gotosleep—beasleep；open—beopen（adj．）；close—beclosed（adj．）；catchacold—haveacold；fallill—beill；jointheLeague／Party—beintheLeague／Party（beaLeague／Partymember；jointhearmy—beinthearmy／beasoldier；arrivein／at—bein／at；getup—beup，等等。【精典例句】1．他上周买了一辆新自行车。Heboughtanewbikelastweek．Hehashadanewbikesincelastweek．2．王涛六年前参军。WangTaojoinedthearmysixyearsago．WangTaohasbeenasoldierforsixyears．WangTaohasbeeninthearmyforsixyears．【直击中考】11．Thefilmbegan20minutesago．（2002盐城市）Thefilmhasbeen______________20minutes．12．Sam'sgrandfatherdied10yearsago．（2002上海市）Sam'sgrandfatherhasbeen______________10years．13．MygrandpajoinedthePartythirtyyearsago．（2002福州市）MygrandpathePartyforthirtyyears．14．Igotuphalfanhourago．（2002哈尔滨市）I______________upforhalfanhour．【类型六】运用复合句和不定式进行相互改写。【解题要领】此类复合句主要是宾语从句和结果状语从句，宾语从句改为不定式的句式有：1）hope／wish，besure，tell等后跟that引导的从句，可转换为不定式；2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，也可转换为“特殊疑问词＋todo”结构，构成不定式短语。so．．．that．．．引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enoughto”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too．．．to”结构互换，也可以改为“not＋adj．／adv．＋enoughto”。（注：此时的形容词或副词应为上句的反义词。）注意：“so．．．that．．．”结构前后主语不一致时，应在enough或too＋adj．后面加forsb．\n【精典例句】1．我希望将来某一天参观月球。IhopethatIwillvisitthemoonsomeday．Ihopetovisitthemoonsomeday．2．他向我显示如何使用电脑。Heshowedmehowheusedacomputer．Heshowedmehowtouseacomputer．3．这屋子这么大，能容纳1000人。Theroomissolargethatitcanhold1，000people．Theroomislargeenoughtohold1，000people．4．他年纪太小，不能上学。Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool．Heistooyoungtogotoschool．Heisn'toldenoughtogotoschool．【直击中考】15．Theycanhardlydecidewhattheywilldonext．（2000济南市）______________forthemtodecidewhat______________next．16．TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChineseKongfuwell．（2002济南市）Theforeignerswanttoknow______________learnChineseKongfuwell．17．Heistooyoungtogotoschool．（2002上海徐汇区）Heisn't______________togotoschool．18．Shewassoweakthatshecouldn'ttakecareofherbaby．（2002辽宁省）Shewas_______weak_______takecareofherbaby．［类型七］运用介词短语改写。［解题要领］英语中的介词短语，诸如attheageof，without，insteadof，withthehelpof，thanksto，bein，besatisfiedwith等，可与一些复合结构进行转换，这类结构主要是并列句或两个句子，由连词and、but、when等连接。［精典例句］1？彼？八岁时就学习英语了。ShebegantolearnEnglishwhenshewaseight．Attheageofeight，shebegantolearnEnglish．2．明天我们将去野餐。我们不去看电影。Wewillgoforapicnictomorrow．Wewon'tseeafilm．Wewillgoforapicnicinsteadofseeingafilmtomorrow．［直击中考］19．Hebegantolearnhowtouseacomputerwhenhewasfiveyearsold．（2000广州市）Hebegantolearnhowtouseacomputer________________________________________．20．Theheavytrafficstoppedthemfromgettingtoschoolintime．（2000成都市）________________theheavytrafficthey________________forschool．［类型八］运用被动语态进行改写。\n［解题要领］通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，在转换过程中，掌握被动语态的构成是最为关键的。学习被动语态应与时间紧密结合，根据时态，来确定被动语态的谓语部分。另外，还需充分把握含有情态动词的被动语态的结构，即“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”。［精典例句］1？毙矶嗳私灿⒂铩？ManypeoplespeakEnglish．／Englishisspokenbymanypeople．2．我们应该经常给花浇水。Weshouldregularlywaterflowers．Flowersshouldbewateredregularly．［直击中考］21．Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday．（2002辽宁省）Computers________widely________intheworldtoday．22．Wemustkeepthenoiselevelunder50dbs（分贝）．（2002上海市）Thenoiselevelmust________________under50dbs．［类型九］运用并列连词（组）改写。［解题要领］运用并列连词（组）both．．．and，neither．．．nor，either．．．or，notonly．．．butalso，aswellas等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，而且要把握neither．．．nor，either．．．or，notonly．．．butalso采取就近原则。［精典例句］1？蹦慊峤卜ㄓ铩Ｎ乙不峤卜ㄓ铩？YoucanspeakFrench．IcanspeakFrench，too．BothyouandIcanspeakFrench．2．她没有去过日本。我也没有去过日本。Shehasn'tbeentoJapan．Ihaven'tbeentoJapan，either．NeithershenorIhavebeentoJapan．［直击中考］23．WeiHuamaybeontheteam，orAnnmay．（2000辽宁省）________WeiHua________Annmaybeontheteam．24．Aliceisafilmstar．Sarahisafilmstar，too．（2001新疆）________Alice________Saraharefilmstars．25．Lucycan'tsingtheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore．AndLilycan'tsingit，either．（2002北京东城区）LucyLilycansingtheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore．［类型十］运用“so＋动词＋主语”和“neither／nor＋动词＋主语”结构进行改写。［解题要领］“so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人（物）也如此”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况，同样也适合另一个人或物。显然，上下句主语不同。转换时应注意四点：1）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2）动词在时态上与前句呼应；3）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4）表示否定时，neither／nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。［精典例句］1？奔？姆准时完成了这项工作。约翰也准时完成了这项工作。Jimfinishedtheworkontime．Johnfinisheditontime，too．Jimfinishedtheworkontime，sodidJohn．2．今天早上她没吃东西。我也没吃东西。Shedidn'teatanythingthismorning．Ididn'teatanything，either．Shedidn'teatanythingthismorning，neither／nordidI．［直击中考］26．Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating，too．（2002广州市）\nJimwantstogoboating，and________________hisparents．27．Ilikeplayingtennis．Helikesplayingtennis，too．（2002厦门市）Ilikeplayingtennis，________________he．【类型十一】变为含有宾语从句的复合句【解题要领】两个句子合并为宾语从句时，一是找引导词。宾语从句的引导词有三种情况：1？钡北鲇锎泳浔硎境率鲆庖宓氖焙颍？即为陈述句结构），引导词为that；2．当宾语从句表示一般疑问意义的时候（即为一般疑问结构），引导词为if／whether；3．当宾语从句表示特殊疑问意义的时候（即为特殊疑问结构），引导词为原来的特殊疑问词；二是变陈述句。无论是由哪一种引导词引导的宾语从句，宾语从句都应使用陈述语序；三是主从一致。它是针对主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应用相应的某种过去时态而言的，即一般现在时与一般过去时；现在进行时与过去进行时；一般将来时与过去将来时；现在完成时与过去成时一一对应。但是如果从句表示客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态的影响，用一般现在时即可。【精典例句】1？蔽蚁胫？道明天是否下雨。Iwanttoknow．Willitraintomorrow？Iwanttoknowif／whetheritwillraintomorrow．2．他说他感冒已三天了。Hesaid．Hehashadacoldforthreedays．Hesaidthathehadhadacoldforthreedays．【直击中考】28．Wheredoeshelive？Idon'tknow．（2002哈尔滨市）I　don'tknow_________________________．29．Doestheshopcloseatsixeveryday？Doyouknow？（2002厦门市）Doyouknow________theshop________atsixeveryday？30．Istheearthround？Thelittleboyasked．（2002福州市）Thelittleboyasked________theearth________round．【类型十二】变为含有状语从句的复合句【解题要领】一些并列句或两个句子或简单句，根据其内涵，可运用某些连词变为含有状语从句的复合句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、目的、结果和让步等类，与此相对应的连词有：1）引导时间状语从句的有：after，assoonas，before，since，not．．．until，when，whenever，while等；2）引导原因状语从句的有：because，as，since等；3）引导条件状语从句的有：if，unless等；4）引导比较状语从句的有：as．．．as，notas（so）．．．as等；5）引导目的状语从句的有：sothat，inorderthat等；6）引导结果状语从句的有：so．．．that等；7）引导让步状语从句的有：though，although等。学生在转换过程中，应运用恰当的引导词来表达。【精典例句】1．杰克病了，因此他不能上学。Jackdidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill．2．天虽然黑了，他仍在继续做家务。Althoughitwasdark，hestillwentondoingthehousework．3．努力学习，你就会赶上其他的同学。Studyhard，andyou'llcatchupwiththeotherstudents．Ifyoustudyhard，you'llcatchupwiththeotherstudents．【直击中考】31．ThebasketistooheavyforMissGreentoliftontothe\ntruck．（2001荆州市）Thebasketis________________________MissGreen________liftontothetruck．32．Comeon，orwe'llmisstheearlybus．（2002辽宁省）________we________hurry，we'llmisstheearlybus．33．WhenIgetthere，I'llgotoseeheratonce．（2002福州市）I'llgotoseeher________________________Igetthere．34．I'llwaterthelittleplantstostopthesoil（土壤）gettingtoodry．（2002内江市）I'llwaterthelittleplants________________I________stopthesoil________gettingtoodry．35．AfterBessfin-ishedhermathshomework，shewenttobed．（2002福州市）Bess________gotobed________shefinishedhermathshomework．【参考答案】1．heardfrom2．prefers，to3．hadagood／nice／great／wonderfultime4．learn，by5．less6．failed，catchup，did，best7．keep，closed8．what，is9．tookus，toclean10．Whatabeautiful11．on，for12．dead，for13．hasbeenin14．havebeen15．It's，hard／difficult，todo16．howto17．oldenough18．too，to19．attheageoffive20．Thanksto，were，late21．are，used22．be，kept23．Either，or14．Both，and25．Neither，nor26．sodo27．sodoes28．wherehelives29．if／whether，closes30．if／whether，is31．soheavythat，can't32．If，don't33．assoonas34．sothat，can，from35．didn't，until例1（江西省，2002）在改写后的句子空白处填入一个适当的词，使该句与原句的意思相同或相近。(1)A:RemembertoringmeupassoonasyougettoLondon.B:Make________togivemearingassoonasyou________London.(2)A:Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.B:Librarybooksshould________________ontime.(3)A:Thefactoryisnotfarfromhere.Itonlytakesyoutenminutesbybike.B:Thefactoryis________here.It'sonlytenminutes'_________.(4)A:Tomhadnotimeforbreakfast.Hewenttoschoolinahurry.B:Tom________toschool________breakfast.(5)A:AllthestudentsinourclassareChineseexceptPeter.B:________Peterisa________inourclass.【分析】（1）makesure表示“务必”，getto=reach=arrivein/at.根据句意及要求，应填sure，reach.（2）表示“归还”用giveback或return,且应用被动语态，bereturned.（3）notfar即是near，ride表示（“骑自行车等交通工具”，作名词用，填near，ride），（4）inahurry“匆忙地”，填hurried，without，（5）except“除……之外，只有”。填only，foreigner.【答案】(1)sure,reach,(2)be,retuned(3)near,ride(4)hurried/ran,without(5)Only,foreigner\n【说明】多角度地思考问题能达到“曲径通幽”之效果。应从同义词组，语态，时态，句意，句式等各个方面加以分析。在每一小题的空白处填入一个词使之与原句意思相同.例2（广州市，2001）(1)Twoyearsagoweusedthatmachinetomakeshoesforchildren.Twoyearsagothatmachine________________________________shoesforchildren.(2)MybrotherwenttoBeijinglastweek,andshehasn'tcomebackyet.Mymother________________________Beijing.(3)Idon'tlistentotheradiowhenI'mspading.Mycousindoesn'tlistentotheradiowhenhe'sspading,either.Idon'tlistentotheradiowhenI'mspading._________________mycousin.(4)Theteachertoldusthatwewouldnotmeetattheschoolgate.Theteachertoldus________________________attheschoolgate.(5)Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.Thehole________________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.【分析】（1）要成过去时态的被动语态；（2）从原句意义分析我妈妈还没回，是“到北京去了”用完成时态；（3）涉及到neither的用法问题，要倒装，用助动词does；（4）将宾语从句转换成不定式tellsb.nottodosth;（5）涉及到so…that与not…enoughfor或too…to的运用。【答案】(1)wasusedtomake　(2)hasgoneto　(3)Neitherdoes　(4)nottomeet　(5)istoosmallfor或isn'tbig/largeenoughfor【说明】特定的词组往往有特定的用法，如此题中的neither,too...to.