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第十七讲介词姓名______学校______年级_______【学习目标】掌握7年级的介词用法及其固定搭配【知识要点】介词讲解介词的作用介词表地点、位置、方向的介词above,around,at,behind,between,by,down,from,in,up,infrontof,into,onto,near,off,out,over,through,under,towards,表时间的介词by,in,on,over,with其他介词like,with,without,from,next,to一.介词的概念:介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,不能单独使用。二.一些常用的介词的区别:①in,to,on在方位名词前的区别1.in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.2.to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:JapanliestotheeastofChina.3.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:NorthKoreaisontheeastofChina.②.at,in,on,by在表示时间上的区别1.at指时间表示:(1)时间的一点、时刻等。如:Theycamehomeatnoon(atsunrise,atmidnight,atteno’clock,atdaybreak).(2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如:HewenthomeatNewYear(atChristmas,attheSpringFestival).2.in指时间表示:(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:in2004,inMarch,inspring,inthemorning,intheevening(2)在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时,谓语动词为非延续性动词,意为“在……以后”。10\n如:Hewillarriveintwohours.谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。如:Theseproductswillbemadeinamonth.注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如:Hewillarriveafter6o’clock.3.on指时间表示:(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、节日、星期几等,如:OnChristmasDaytherewillbeaparty.(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如:Hearrivedat8o’clockonthenightofFriday.(3)准时,按时。如:Ifthetraincanbeontime,Ishouldgethomebeforedark.4.by指时间表示:(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。如:Hewillcomebysixo’clock.(2)在……间,在……的时候。如:Heworkedbydayandstudiedbynight.③.near,by,beside,at表示“在……附近”时的区别1.near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:SuzhouisnearShanghai.2.by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。如:Hewassittingbesideher.3.at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如:Thestudentsaresittingatthetablelisteningtotheteacher.Severalstudentsaresittingby/besidethedoortalkingaboutamusic.④.at,in和on表示地点时的区别1.at表示地点:(1)用于指较小的地方。如:arriveat,接小地方Iwillwaitforyouatthestation.(2)用于门牌号码前。如:Helivesat11ZhongshanRoad.2.in表示地点:arrivein接较大地方如:HelivesinShanghai.3.on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:Thepicturewashangingonthewall.⑤.besides,except,but表示“除……外”之间的区别1.besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质。如:Besidesxiaoming,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)注意:besides用于否定句中时,与except,but同义,可互换。如:Wehavenootherbooksbesides/exceptthese.2.except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质。如:Weallwenttoseethefilmexceptxiaoming.(王先生没去)3.but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:Nobodyknewitbutme.10\nThisisnothingbutapieceofcake.⑥.above,over,on,up表示“在……上”之间的区别1.above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below。如:We’reflyingabovetheclouds.2.over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under。如:Thebridgeisovertheriver.3.on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。如:Thereisamaponthewall.Theearthfeltsoftbeneathourfeet.4.up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down。如:Pleasestandup⑦with,from,for,at表示原因的区别1.with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”。如:Thelittlegirlwasshiveringwithcold.2.from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。如:Shediditfromasenseofduty.3.for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。如:Idoapologizeforkeepingyouwaiting.4.at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等。如:Atthenewstheyfeltveryglad.⑧.for和of的用法区别试比较:It'simpossibleformetowatchTVaftereleveno'clock.It'skindofyoutohelpme.两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等。⑨.by,with,in的用法区别by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段"和"乘某种交通工具";with指"借助于具体的手段或工具";in表示"以......方式,用语言,文字等媒介"。⑩after和in的用法区别这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是:after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。如:Iwenthomeafter10o'clockyesterday.Thetrainwillarriveintenminutes.三、介词词组10\n1)askfor向……要……,请求2)askforleave请假3)sendfor派人去请(叫)4)payfor付……的款5)waitfor等候6)thankfor为……感谢7)lookfor寻找8)leave…for离开……去……9)catchupwith赶上10)agreewithsb.赞成,同意某人的意见11)filled……with把……装满12)talkabout谈论……13)thinkabout考虑……14)worryabout担忧……15)lookafter照料16)runafter追赶,跟在后面跑17)readafter跟……读18)smileat对……微笑19)knockat敲(门,窗)20)hearof听说21)thinkof认为,考虑22)insteadof代替……23)handin交上来24)hearfrom收到……来信25)atonce立刻26)atlast最后27)atfirst起先,首先28)attheageof…在……岁时29)attheendof…在……之末30)atthebeginningof…在……之初31)atthefootof…在……脚下32)atthesametime同时33)atnight/noon在夜里/中午34)withthehelpof…在……的帮助下35)withasmile面带笑容36)afterawhile过了一会儿37)fromnowon从现在起38)farawayfrom远离39)bytheway顺便说40)bytheendof…到……底为止41)inall总共42)infact事实上43)inahurry匆忙44)inthemiddleof在……中间45)intime及时46)infrontof在……前面47)intheend最后,终于48)inturn依次49)ofcourse当然50)abit(of)有一点儿51)alotof许多52)onone'swayto某人在去…的路上53)onfoot步行,走路54)ontheleft(right)在左(右)边【经典练习】1.介词填空(1)Wehaveshirts_________red,blueandyellow.Thegirl_________redismycousin.(2)Wehavenobread__________ourbreakfast.(3)Myfatherbuymeabeautifulbike.=Myfatherbuyabeautifulbike____________)me.(4)Pleaseshowmeyourphoto.=Pleaseshowyourphoto______________me.(5)Tomgivesmeanicebag.=Tomgivesanicebag____________me.(6)Iliketostay__________bedonSunday.(7)Therearesometoys___________thebed.10\n(8)Therearethreebirds__________-thetree.(9)Therearemanyapples____________theappletree.(10)Ioftenbuysomethings____________thatshopnearmyhouse.(11)Thereisawindow____________thewall.(12)Thereisamap___________thewall.(13)Thatyoungmantriedtosellthatwatch__________me.(14)SheoftengoestoseeBeijingOpera_________herfather.(15)Ihavenomoney___________me.(16)Sheoftenhelpsme___________myEnglish.(17)What’swrong_____________you?(18)Shewrites_________apen.(19)Theboy___________shorthairismybrother.(20)Whatisthis__________English?(21)I'msorry.Iamnot____________.=I’msorry.Iamathomenow.(22).I’mClassThree.Areyou_________ClassThree,too?(23)Sounds___________fun.(24)Youcanjoinus___________thefootballgame.(25)Youaregood___________English.=Youdowell__________English.(26)_________thebackofthephoto,thereisaV.(27)Welcome__________ourschool!(28).Iaminterested___________Chineseverymuch.(29)Igot_____________BeijingonSunday.=Iarrived__________BeijingonSunday.(30)Don’tbelate__________school.(31)Youcandescribethemap_____________-yourownwords(32)Helikeswriting_____________ink(墨水)(33)Wehaveblackandbluehats_____$15.=Wesellblackandbluehats______thepriceof$15.(34)comeandbuysomeclothes__________you__________thegreatsale.(35)Thishouseis____________sale!10\n(36)Isthatbook___________saleinyoustore?=Doyousellthatbook?(37)Hollywoodisfamous__________themoviesandthemoviestars.(38)Thegirlisplaying__________ayo-yo.(39)Hegoestowork__________car=Hegoestowork__________thecar=Hedrivesacar__________work.(40)Hegoestoschool__________bus=Hegoestoschool__________thebus=Hetakesabus__________work.(41)Hegoestoschool__________foot=Hewalks__________school.(42)It’stime__________metohavebreakfast.=It’stime______mybreakfast.(43)MichaelJordanisfamous__________abasketballplayer.(44)She__________herfatheroftengoestoseeBeijingOpera__________weekends.(45)Hedoesn’tlikemath,becauseit’stoodifficult__________him.(46)HedoesChinesekungfu__________anhoureveryday.(47)Iwantapairofsportsshoes.=Iwantapairofshoes__________sports.(48)Youcanbe__________ourswimmingclub.(49)Hecomes__________Canada.=Heis__________Canada.(50)Heonlywatchessports__________TV.(51)Canyouhelpmefill__________mycalendar?(52)Areyougood_______kids?(53)Jimisgood__________English?(54)Eatingvegetablesisgood__________health(健康).(55)Wewanttwogoodmusicians__________ourrockband.(56)PleasecallBill__________790-4230.(57)Weneedhelp__________ourBeidaiheSchoolTrip.(58)Thatlittlegirlneedssomebread__________breakfast.(59)Thenyoucanbe__________ourschoolmusicfestival.(60)Whattimeisit__________yourwatch?(61)LastnightIarrived__________Hangzhourailwaystation.10\n(62)Heeatsbreakfast__________noon=Heeatsbreakfast__________themiddleoftheday(63)Mikealwaystakesthenumber3bus__________thepark.(64)Helikesbrushinghisteeth__________dinner.(65)Heisbusy____thehouseworkeverySaturday.=HeisbusydoingthehouseworkeverySaturday(66)Hismotherisstrict__________him__________hisEnglishstudies.(67)Themovieisboringandheistired__________it.(68)YoucanaskyourEnglishteacher__________thatquestion.(69)__________Children’sDay,allthechildrenareveryhappy.(70)Comeandsee__________yourself__________HuaxingClothesStore.2.单项选择(1)______________thephoto_______yourfamily.AThankof,forBThanksfor,ofCThankyou,ofDThanksoffor(2)It’sanactionmovie,andJetLiis_______themovie.AatBinCwithDfor(3)Heiskind____me.A.onB.toC.fromD.with(4)Ihavebreakfast_____6:30everymorning.A.ataround B.aroundat C.inaroundD.aroundin【课后作业】一.用介词填空。 1.___thetheatre 2.__Beijing 3.__thecinema4._________thefarm 5._________school 6.________home 7.__________thepark 8._______thelibrary9.________thestadium 10._________1994 11._________November 12.______15:00 13._________Sundaymorning 14._______6:30 15.________Monday 10\n16._______January 17.________May,1 18._________mybirthday 19.________weekend 20._________May,1,2006 21._________theplayground 22._________mybirthdayparty二.选择最佳答案。 1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairport______Wednesday. A.on B.at C.in D.for 2.Whatdoyouusuallydo________Christmas? A.on B.at C.in D.for 3.Thefirstclassbegins_______8o’clock______themorning. A.at/on B.at/in C.on/in D.on/on 4.WewillbeinNanjing_____Tuesday______Thursday. A.on/through B.on/to C.from/to D.on./till 5.Wewillhaveafootballmatch_____thisSaturdayafternoon.. A.on B./ C.in D.for 6.Hecametoseeyou_____theeveningofMay10th. A.in B.at C.on D.for 7.Thesupermarketisstillopen______midnight. A.at B.on C.till D./ 8.Daysarelonger______summerthan___________winter. A.in/in B.in/on C.from/to D.to/in 9.Childrengetpresents________Christmasand______theirbirthday.Grannyiscoming forlunch________Christmasday. A.at/on/on B.on/on/on C.at/in/at D.in/on/in 10.________NewYear’sEvepeopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight. A.At B.On C.For D.In 11.TomandPaulusuallywatchTV______weekends. A.at B.in C.for D./ 12. Hesaidthathewouldmeetus____thecinema. A.in B.at C.on D.of 13.Therearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree. A.on B.at C.in D.besides10\n 14.Lucyiswaiting_____No.3busstop________herfather. A.for/for B.for/at C.at/for D.at/at 15.Doyouoftenlisten________theprogram________theradio. A.to/of B.to/in C.to/on D.on/to 16.Canyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZoo? A.to B.at C.for D.towards 17.Thankyou_______yourcoming. A.to B.of C.by D.for 18.MrLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon. A.with B.on C.by D.at 19.Letmeintroduceher_______you. A.with B.on C.to D.for 20.Tomhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents. A.with B.to C.by D.among 21.Canyoufindouttheanswer__________thesequestions? A.of B.for C.to D.with 22.Don’tforgettobringyourtextbook______you. A.in Bafter C.with D.to 23.Canyousingthissong_____English? A.with B.in C.by D.for 24.Whoistheboy_____bluetrousers? A.in B.on C.with D.at 25.Don’tread_____thesun.It’sbad_________youreyes. A.under/of B.in/towards C.in/for D.under/for 26. Howmanystudentsgotoschool_____foot? A.by B.in C.on D.with 27.Iwillmakeatrip_____Europethissummer. A.for Bto Cwith D.of 28.Mymothersendapostcard____meeveryyear. A.to B.for C.by D.with 29.Let’smakeacake_______Daming;helikescakes. A.to B.for C.by D.with 30.Therearelotsofanimals________thegrassland. A.at B.on C.in D.by10\n10