初中英语-非谓语动词 7页

非谓语动词总结一．动名词1）作主语。例如：　　FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语　有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider认为delay耽误deny否认detest讨厌endure忍受enjoy喜欢escape逃脱fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推迟practice训练recall回忆resent讨厌resume继续resist抵抗risk冒险suggest建议face面对include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive宽恕keep继续例如：Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗　     Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。　　　　3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：Sheiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台aswimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸点awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉机二．不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：　　1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。　　2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。1）动词不定式作主语1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to(安徽省)［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)Itis形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis名词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis形容词(forsb)todo第7页\nsth.句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。2）动词不定式作宾语1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)［简析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。3）动词不定式作宾语补足语1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。4）动词不定式作状语1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)［简析］go，come，try，do/tryone'sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)［简析］＂be形容词todosth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(广东省)7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)Theiceonthelakewasn't______enough______people__________________.(广东省)［简析］在上述＂too形容词/副词(forsb)todo…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough(forsb)todo…＂(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。5）动词不定式作定语1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks第7页\n(湖北省)2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。6）不带to的动词不定式1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)4.Iwasmade______myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)［简析］1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在＂hadbetter＂后面接不带to的不定式。7）、动词不定式的否定形式1.MrBlackaskedtheman________thequeue.A.nottojumpB.tonotjump　C.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)2.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)3.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.A.have，nottobeB.have，notbeC.be，nottobeD.be，notbe(内蒙古自治区)［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.8）动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mglad　C.Yes,I'dlovetoD.I'dlike(大连市)［简析］在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于＂begladto＂，＂wouldlike(love)to＂，＂haveto＂等结构中。9）动词不定式的被动式和其他形式Thenewhospital______isnearthefactory.A.buildB.buildsC.tobuildD.tobebuilt(青海省)第7页\n［简析］当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：tobe过去分词；如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：tohave过去分词；如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：tobe现在分词三、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北省)3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)［简析］一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：＂stoptodosth＂意为＂停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事＂，＂stopdoingsth＂意为＂停止正在做的事＂：＂remembertodosth＂意为＂记住去做某事＂(事还未做)，＂rememberdoingsth＂意为＂记得做过某事＂(事已做)：＂goontodosth＂意为＂接着做某事＂(做完一事，接着做另一事)，＂goondoingsth＂意为＂继续做某事＂(一事未做完接着往下做)：＂forgettodosth＂意为＂忘了做某事＂(事还未做)，＂forgetdoingsth＂意为＂忘了曾做过某事＂(事已做)。5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)6.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen(黑龙江省)［简析］在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。四、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词有些动词接doing和todo意义相近像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：如：liketodo表示想要做某一具体的动作likedong表示一般或抽象的多次动作它们在实际使用中区别很小。2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：remembertodo(记住去做)rememberdoing(记得做过)forgettodo(忘记去做)forgetdoing(忘记做过)trytodo(设法做)trydoing(试着做)goontodo(接着做另一事)goondoing(继续做同一事)stoptodo(停下来去做)stopdoing(停止做)can’thelptodo(不能帮助做)can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)五、后跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况。1．在感官动词和使役动词后feel，hear，listento，watch，lookat，see，notice，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。第7页\n2.助动词或情态动词后：do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。3.某些固定句型中1）Will（Would）youplease（not）．．．？请（不要）做某事好吗？2）hadbetter最好做某事3）Whynot．．．？为何不做某事4)wouldrather(not)...宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：wouldrather...than...=would...ratherthan...。5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。六、既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。see/watchsb.dosth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事see/watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事hearsb.dosth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事hearsb.doingsth.听到某人正在做某事巩固练习：1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to(安徽省)练习：1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating2.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had3.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played4.----DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?----Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing5.Whynot____?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome6.Theyweremade____fourteenhoursaday.A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork7.Isitalwayseasier____friendsthantokeepthem?A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made8.It____Jacktwentyminutes____themathproblemyesterday.A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedoutC.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout第7页\n9.Whenyouleave,don’tforget____offthelight.A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned10.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike____?A.tomakefriendsB.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith11.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetries____ittoooften.A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat12.----Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?----ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone13.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith14.JohnaskedDavidhow____Christmas.A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate15.WeallconsideredMrZhao____teacher.A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest16.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry17.Haveyoudecided____?A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo18.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin19.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds20.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelonC.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith21.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave22.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive23.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect24.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.A.work;thanworkB.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork25.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing26.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven27.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean第7页\n28.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew29.Tomis____tomakealivingbyhimself.A.veryoldB.tooyoungC.toobigD.toostrong30.Ifind____himallaboutit.A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell31.Theoldmanseems____inagreathurry.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing32.I____thesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtoliveinC.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtolive33.It’stimeforsuppernow.Let’s______it.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving34.Youarenotexpected____suchlonghours.A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work35.Hisfatheragreed____$4,000forthecar.A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying36.Themanpretended____whenwesawhim.A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating37.Hedoesn’tknow_____.A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo38.Todayweusemachines_____usdomostofourwork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped39.Shepreferredme_____there.A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stay40.We’regoingtohelp_____thetrees.A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water第7页