初中英语定语从句讲解 6页

初中定语从句讲解Matchthetwosentences：1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates.I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.Idon’tlikethemanwho/thatissmoking.4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek.Whereisthepicture(which/that)youboughtlastweek?定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。例：Ilikemusicwhich/thatisquiet.关系代词关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。关系代词which,that引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物体的名词或代词，关系代词应用which,that(作主语或宾语)定语从句先行词关系代词作为主语时不能省略，作为宾语是可以省略。例：作为主语不能省略：Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.Thebookismine.Thebookislyingonthefloor.Thebookwhich/thatislyingonthefloorismine.作为宾语能省略：Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecard(which/that)I’vejustreceived.\nThisisthemistake.Ialwaysmakethemistake.Thisisthemistake(which/that)Ialwaysmake.Istillkeeptheletters.Shewroteletterstome.Istillkeeptheletters(which/that)shewrotetome.Ilostthepen.myfatherboughtmethepen.Ilostthepen(which/that)myfatherboughtme.关系代词who,that,whom,whose引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)whose(作定语)例：作主语不能省略：Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.Thisisthefilmstarwho/thatisverypopularinChina.TheboyiscalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspokeatthemeetingyesterday.Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingyesterday?Thegirlismycousin.Thegirliswateringtheflowers.Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowersismycousin.例：做宾语能省略：Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语)Theboyismyfriend.I'mlookingfortheboy.Theboy(who/that/whom)I'mlookingforismyfriend.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.whose作定语,表示所属关系。Theboyismyfriend.Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.\nTheboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyfriend.Theyarehelpingtheman.Theman’scarisbroken.Theyarehelpingthemanwhosecarisbroken.Pleasepassmethebook.Thecoverofthebookisred.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisred.例：(B)Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤儿).A.whoB.whoseC.who’sD.which只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被这些词所修饰时。That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。ThatisthemostboringbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistodomyhomework.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.4.当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.6.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.　　　  ThereisabookthatbelongstoTomonthedesk.关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：1.先行词为that,those时What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？2.关系代词前面有介词时Thisistheroominwhichhelives.3.引导非限制性定语从句Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.关系词只能用whom，而不用that/who的情况：关系代词前面有介词时Heistheboywithwhommymotheristalking.\nwho/which/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。1)Iprefershoesthatarecool.2)Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.3)Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.4)Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.Exercise1:用关系代词填空which/that1.Theboy_who/that_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.who/that2.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.which/that3.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.5.Theman_whose__hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent__whose__fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehouseinwhichwehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthat_youtalkedaboutjustnow.9.Sayall__that___youknow.10.Isthereanything_that_Icandoforyou?11.Thisisthefirstplaythat_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.12.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.13.Whoisthegirl__that__isstandingunderthetree?14.Whichisthemachine_that_weusedlastSunday.定语从句关系副词的用法:1、Where指地点，在从句中充当地点状语。Thisistheplacewherewelivedtenyearsago.=inwhich2、When指时间，在从句中充当时间状语。HetoldmethedatewhenhejoinedtheParty.=onwhich3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。Iknowthereasonwhyshewassoangry.=forwhich关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区别:同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where,有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when,有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：1、先行词在从句中所作成分；2、定语从句中的谓语动词是否一个及物动词。1.Thisisthepark(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.=inwhich2.Shewon’tforgetthedays(which/that)shespentontheisland.Shewon’tforgetthedaywhentheystayedtogether.\n=onwhich分析例题：1)Thisisthefactory_B_Ivisitedlastyear.2)Thisisthefactory_A_Iworkedlastyear.3)ThisisthefactoryBproducesallkindsofTVsets.A.whereB.whichC.whomD.whose以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分；1）还原为:Ivisitedthefactory.是动宾关系，因此选which2）还原为:Iworkedinthefactory，factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，因此选where3）还原为:thefactoryproducesallkinds…是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which4）Canyoulendmethenovel_D_theotherday?　　A.thatyoutalked　　B.youtalkedaboutit　　C.whichyoutalkedwith　　D.youtalkedabout还原后为：Youtalkedaboutthenoveltheotherday.故it要删掉，先行词在句中作宾语，关系代词可以用which/that或者不填。例题（一）：1.TheplaceBintereststhechildrenmostisthechildren'spalace.A.whatB.thatC.whereD.inwhich2.ThemountainD__wevisitedlastsummeristhehighestmountaininEurope.A.whereB.onwhichC.whatD.which3.ThisistheparkAIvisitedlastweek.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.Where（二）：DA.whoB.whichC.thatD.whoseE.whomA/C1.Thisisthescientist____nameisknownalloverthecountry.A2.Ihavefoundaman____canhelpyou.C3.He____playswithfiregetshurt.C4.Whichstatement____ismadeaccordingtothepassageisright?5.Isthereanythingmoreinthisarticle____youthinkiswrong?（三）：A.WhoB.whichC.thatD.whoseE.WhomB/C6.Sheheardaterriblenoise,Bbroughtherheartintomouth.A/C7.Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldringhehadlostonthetrain.A/C/E8.Themanisshakinghandswiththeheadmasterisapoliceman.9.Thefamousbasketballstaryouwishtoseehascome.10.ShespentthewholeeveningtalkingabouthethingsandpersonsCnoneofushaseverheardof.\n（四）：A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whoseE.Whom11.ThisthebestfilmCIhaveeverseen.12.ThoseAbreakthelawmustbepunish.13.ThisistheonlyanswerCwethinkisright.14.IknowthestudentfromEyouborrowedthedictionary.15.ThatisthefactoryinBtheyonceworked.句子翻译：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.