初中英语词组总结 24页

初中英语词组总结1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官动词)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2（比较级and比较级）表示越来越怎么样3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟（容易）4agreewithsb赞成某人5allkindsof各种各样akindof一样6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界7alongwith同……一道，伴随……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们一起种树8Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样9asyoucansee你是知道的10askfor……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么12asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在……岁时eg：IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof…………的起初；……的开始15attheendof+地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表：1现在进行时2将来时19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原）能够……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐惧，害怕……eg:I'mafraedtogooutatnightI'mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允许做什么eg:I'mallowedtowatchTV我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我应该被允许看电视23beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Don'tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气25beas…原级…as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高26beashamedto27beawayfrom远离28beawayfrom从……离开29bebadfor对什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好第24页共24页\n30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32becareful当心；小心33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一样34befamousfor以……著名35befriendlytosb对某人友好36befrom=comefrom来自eg：HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?37befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38beglad+to+do/从句39begoingto+v(原）将来时40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于……41begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高兴做某事43behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处44beingoodhealth身体健康45beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣47belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到48belike像……eg:I'mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的气50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52benotsure表不确定53beonavisitto参观54bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎55bequiet安静56beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:He'sstrictinobeyingnoles62bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves这些学生对自己不严格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么65besure表确定66besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureof第24页共24页\nlearningEnglishwell67besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:I'msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大脑（老师）68besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:I'msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通过考试69besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语70beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一样73beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他习惯上课睡觉74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句76because+句子becauseof+短语eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么开始什么eg:Let'sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…两者之间79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给……什么东西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打扰bothersbtodostheg:I'msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He'sbotheringmetolendhimmoney82bytheendof到……为止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84care关心eg:Don'tyoucareaboutthiscountry'sfuture?你为什么不关心国家的未来85catchupwithsb赶上某人86chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地87comein进88comeoverto过来89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗？90communicatewithsb和某人交流91consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州？第24页共24页\n92danceto随着……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93decidetodosth决定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的调查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好96dowrong做错97Don'tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don'tmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意……99each+名（单）每一个…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜欢102escapefrom从……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来105fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么106farfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样108findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing（名词）110fittosb=befitforsb适合某人111forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don'tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…从某某到某某eg:Frommeforher113get/havesthdown做完，被（别人）做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发(头发被剪了）Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处117getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble给某人麻119getsbtodosth120get…from…从某处得到某物121giveatalk做报告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物123gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上学（用于专业的）gototheschool去学校（不一定是上学）127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事129haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会130haveatalk听报告谈一谈131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento…(地方）……去过某过地方havegoneto…（地方）去了某地还没回来133havefun+doing玩得高兴134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作业要做Ihavenothingtodo第24页共24页\n我没什么事情做135havetodosth必须做某事136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦137have…time+doing138have…(时间)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我请一个月得假139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用处141helpsbwithsth\one'ssth帮助某人某事（某方面）helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法145if:是否＝wethereg:Idon'tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会Hedon'tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146if:如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句eg:I'llgotoLuZhouifitdoes'train假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的I'llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国147inone'sopinion=sbthink某人认为148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方（north北sowth南west西east东）151inthesun在太阳下152increase增加eg:They'veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他们把石油价增加了3%thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow153insteadof+（名）代替eg:I'dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要苹果，而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学第24页共24页\n154introducesbtosb介绍某人给某人introduceoneself自我介绍155invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook157It's+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事怎么样158It's+adj+todo做某事怎么样159It's+adjforsb对于某人来说怎么样It's+adjofsb对某人来说太怎么样160It's+adj(forsb)todo（对某人来说）做某事怎么样It's+adjofsbtodosth对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg:It'sniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish161It'sagoodideaforsbtodosth对……来说是个好主意162It'simportanttosb对某人来说很重要eg:It'simportanttome163It'stimetodosthIt'stimeforsth到了该去做某事的时间eg:It'stimetohaveclassIt'stimeforclass该去上课了164join=takepartin参加165justnow刚才166keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样？167keepout不让……进入168keepsbadj让……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康169keyto+名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170keyto…anserto…key可以是答题或钥匙171laughat…取笑……eg:Don'tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke172learnbyoneslfe自学173learnfromsb向某人学习eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng174learntodosth学做某事175letsbdosth让某人做某事176Letsbdown让某人失望eg：Weshouldn'tletourfarentsdown我们不应该让我们的父母失望177livefrom:离某地远178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan第24页共24页\n179lookafter=takecareof照顾照看180loseone'sway谁迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路181makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事182makefriendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou183makeitearly把时间定的早一点184makeonexhibitionofoneself让某人出洋相185makesb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife186makesb/sth+adj使某人（某物）怎么样eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么样188makesbdosth让某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前让他写189makeupbemadeupof(被动语态）由……组成190make…differenceto…191mindsbtodomindone'sdoing介意……做什么192most+名mostof+代193muchtoo+形容词194mustbe一定195need+名词196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(实义动词）needdo(情态动词）198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing199no+名词200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:Hedidn'tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not…(形、副）atalleg:He'snottallatallshedoesn'tjunpfaratall202not…atall一点都不203not…either表否定，也不eg:Idon'tjapanseeitherIdon'thavesister,either我也没有姐姐204not…until直到……才……eg:Ididn'tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn'tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar205offer/providesbwithsth给某人提供206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么东西给某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我给你提供水207onone'swayto…在谁去那的路上第24页共24页\n208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面209onthephone=overthephone用电话交谈210ontime准时intime及时211oneday＝someday＝someday一天，有一天212oneof+可数名词的复数形式213onetoanother一个到另一个214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin215part-timejob兼职工作fall-timejob全职工作216payfor…付……钱paythebill开钱，付钱217please+do218pleasehelpyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto221practice+doing练习做某事222prefersthtosth相对……更喜欢……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理preferdoingtosth更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿做…也不愿eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜欢她不来223pretendtodosth装着去做什么pretendthat从句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard这两个骗子装着努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他装着不知道答案224rather…than宁可……也不……eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫225regard…as把……当作……eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily请带我向你的家人我最好的问候Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你当作我的朋友第24页共24页\nHeshowslittleregardforothers他不爱关心别人226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做饭227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays这照片使我想起了我的学校thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother228returnsthtosb还什么东西给某人229saytooneself对自己说230saytosb对某人说231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少钱在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少时间陪谁233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少时间做某事234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are235seesbdo看见某人做过某事seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事236seemtodo/be+adj显得怎么样eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送给某人某物238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？239shock使……震惊eg:Oh,It'sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么东西给某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.243some…others…一些……另一些……244start…with…从……开始begin…with…从……开始245stayawayfrom远离……eg:We'retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo当我们参观zoo时，我们要远离动物Ifyouwanttoloseweightyou'dbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246stopdoing停下正在做的事247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事第24页共24页\n248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名这样，这种251suitsb适合某人252surprisesb使某人惊奇toone'ssurprise令某人惊奇253takeclasses上课254takesbto把某人带去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk＝goforawalk散步256①talkto对谁说eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和谁说eg:Italkwithhim③talkof谈到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout谈论关于……257talkwithsb和某人说话258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告诉某人做某事260tellsbsthtellsbthat丛句tellsbnottodosthtellastory261tellsbsth告诉某人某事262tellsbtodosth告诉某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要做什么263tell…from…264thankyoufor+doing265thesame+名词(doing)+as……266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同267thewaytodosth＝thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish268thewayto…（地点）到哪的269too…to…太怎样而不能……adj+enoughto足够…能…so…that+丛句eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschoolHeisoldenoughtogotoschool＝Heissooldthathecangotoschool270transalte……into……把什么翻译成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese271travelwithsb和某人去旅游272tryone'sbesttodosth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么，但没成功trydoingsth想干什么，已经做过了eg：Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去，但没成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去，已经做过了第24页共24页\n274try…试衣服haveatry试一下275turndown开小←→turnup开大276turnoff关上←→turnon打开open拆开277upsidedown倒着278visitto…参观某个地方279waitforsb等某人1.宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。Hesays(that)hewillhaveawalksoon.Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?（不是willyou）Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果),unless(除非)，when(当…的时候),assoonas(一…就…)，before,after,until,till,as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.IwillcallyouupifIleaveforShanghainextweek.Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。第24页共24页\nSheisagirlwho/thatisbeautilandkind-hearted.Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.(所属)Thegirlwhoistallismysister./Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.（指物）Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.（在这儿）Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接todosth./sbtodosth./that从句.IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.2hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihope(that)everythinggoeswell./Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.5.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。)Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn’tmakesuchmistakes.(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。)6.感官动词用法之一：see,hear,listento,watch,notice,feel等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形/动词ing,分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.(正进行)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(听的是全过程)Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.(频率词)若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式：Wesawhimgointotherestaurantwithhiswife.→Hewasseentogointotherestaurantwithhiswife.7.感官动词用法之二：look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词，后接形容词。Helooks.Itsoundsgood.Theflowerssmellbeautil.Thesweetstastesweet.Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.这些动词不用于被动语态。Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是错误的。第24页共24页\n注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.8.find和think部分用法:+宾语+宾语补足语。(代替宾从)宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.2.形容词短语，Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式，Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.9.wouldlike/want/feellike:1wouldlike，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：Iwouldlike/wantanotherthreedesks.◇都可接带to不定式：Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.2feellike:◇后也可接名词短语：Doyoufeellikesometea?◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon’tfeellikedrinkingtea.【feellike常用于疑问句或否定句中。】10.词序易错的短语：1形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousinthefridge?Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.Iwanttogosomewherewarm.2else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?3enough修饰形容词和副词，enough放在后面。Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：1Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?“你对…怎么看？”(How…?句中有like，是动词。)2What’stheweatherlikein…?=Howistheweatherin…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like，是介词“像”。)12.take,cost,pay,spend区别：1It+take+sb+sometime+todosth.Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.2物+cost+sb+钱:Thebagcostmethirtyyuan.(cost,cost,cost)若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是”：Thebagcosts30Yuan.第24页共24页\n3人+pay+sb+钱+forsth:Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.(pay,paid,paid).(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。)4人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.Thegirlspenttwohours(in)searchingtheInternet.Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.spend有时可指“度过”：spendholiday/weekends/winter13.双宾结构：pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/show/buy/ask/tell/build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb+sth.其中pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show等可接sth+tosb.buy,build等可接sth+forsb.另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Pleasepassittome.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）Keepcarelwhenyouarelisteningtotheteacher.（连词）Keepcarelwhenlisteningtotheteacher.（介词）类似的，while,than,before,after,as,since,until等。如：I’llwaituntilIhearfromher.（连词）I’llwaituntilnextFriday.（介词）15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一:1.动词ed作形容词：表示被动或已发生,常作定语。TheboynamedPeterismyfriend.那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用，下同。He’seatingfriedchicken.他在吃炸鸡。Thereisnotimeleft.IhavereadanovelwrittenbyLuXun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。Helivesinahousebuilttwentyyearsago.2.动词ing作形容词：表示正进行或功能，常作定语。theingboy,arunningbus,therisingsun,abusrunningontheroad,theboyinginthecorner(正进行)asittingroom,thesleepingcar,thebathingsuit(功能)16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二：和心理感受有关，但ed修饰人，ing常修饰物。Ifeltsurprisedathiswords.Howexcitingthefilmis!/Iwanttogotoaplacewhichisrelaxing.17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语：第24页共24页\nTobeateacherismydream.Workinghardbringsyousuccess.Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.Toplanttreesmakesmehappy.（谓语用单数）Readingbooksgivesyouknowledge.(谓语用单数)Listeningandwritingarebothdifficult.(谓语用复数)18.later/after/ago/before:1later“…时间后”结构：时间段+later常用于一般过去时。TheywenttoBeijingfivedayslater.(later单独在句尾，常用于将来时：I’llseeyoulater.)2after“…时间后”结构：after+时间段，常用于一般过去时，和1相同。TheywenttoBeijingafterfivedays.(after也可加句子：I’llsendyouane-mailafterIgethome.HefoundouttheinformationafterhehadsearchedtheInternetforthirtyminutes.)3ago“…时间前”结构：时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。TheGreensmovedtoShanghaifourweeksago.(since+时间段+ago，主句用现在完成时)4before单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前”IhavebeentoLondonbefore.Hehasseenthefilmbefore.(若是时间段+before,则常用过去完成时，译为“…时间前”：Ihadseenthefilmtwoweeksbefore.Wehadfoundouttheanswertotheproblemanhourbefore.)19.四季：spring春；summer夏；autumn秋；winter冬；season季20.月：January,一月；February,二月；March,三月；April,四月；May,五月；June,六月；July,七月；August,八月；September,九月；October,十月；November,十一月；December,十二月。21.星期：Sunday,星期日；Monday,星期一；Tuesday,星期二；Wednesday,星期三；Thursday,星期四；Friday,星期五；Saturday,星期六。Sunday为第一天，Saturday为最后一天。22.“也”：either,用于否定句的末尾。also,通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾，前常有逗号。aswell,只用于句尾。注意：后三个词都不用于否定句。23.带to不定式用法之一：带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时，to后动词用及物动词，不及物时需加介词。Theapplesaretootallfortheboytoreach./Thezooisnotagoodplaceforanimalsto第24页共24页\nlivein.24.(a)little/(a)few:1few，little“几乎没有；少”否定词。few加可数名词复数,little加不可数名词。2afew“一些”肯定词，加可数名词复数;alittle“一些；一点”也是肯定词，加不可数名词。3另外，在too,very,so等词后用few,little;在only,just,still等词后用afew,alittle.而quiteafew/alittle译为“很多”25.及物动词+副词：puton/off/away/up/down/out;breakoff/down;turnon/off/up/down;getback;useup;giveaway/out/up/back;tryout/on;ring/callup;letdown;cleanup/out;setup;thinkup;handin/out;fixup;workout;;dressup;pickup;helpout;keepoff/out/downcutdown;writedown;wakeup(叫醒);takeoff/away;sellout;lookup/over;eatup;throwaway/off宾语是名词时，可放在中间或后边，是代词时只放在中间。26.as……as用法：1和…一样…Hisroomisasbigasmine.HerunsasfastasI/me.2as…aspossible/sbcan“尽可能…”Wewentthereassoonaspossible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。Listentotheteacherascarefullyyoucan.3有些短语有几个意思：assoonas和…一样快；一…就…；asmuchas和…一样多；多达；aslongas和…一样长；长达；只要；aswellas和…一样好；和…一样；asfaras远达；就…来说；27.prefer用法：prefersth/doingsthtosth/doingsth比起…更喜欢…prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿…也不愿…prefertodosth/preferdoingsth更喜欢做某事28.some-,any-,every-用法：1some-“某～，一些～”，用于肯定的陈述句中。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Maybesomebodyhastakenit.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Whynotasksomebodytohelpyou?Shallwegivehimsomethingtoeat?Whataboutsomemilk?Couldyoupleaselendmesomechairs?2any-,在疑问句中仍译为“某～，一些～”Doyouhaveanythingtosay？Isanybodyinthehouse？在肯定句和否定句中译为“任何～”Youmayputtheboxanywhereintheroom.Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass.Wedon’thaveanythingtoeatthismorning.3every-“每～”，强调所有，既包括此也包括彼。Iseverybodyhere？-No，TomandLucyhaveaskedforleave.Theglasswasbroken,andthewaterwenteverywhere.29.动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are+v.ing)、一般将来时(will/shall/begoingto+动词原形)、一般过去时、过去进行时(was/were+v.ing)、现在完成时(have/has+v.过去分词)、过去完成时(had+v.过去分词)、过去将来时(would+v.原形)六个形式：原形；过去式；过去分词；第三人称单数(加s/es)；现在分词(v.ing)；带to不定式。30.if/whether区别：if如果(引导条件状从)/是否(引导宾从)第24页共24页\nwhether无论(引导让步状从)/是否(引导宾从)都译为“是否”时，whether可接ornot,也可接带to不定式。if则不可。另外，if可接any-单词，常不接some-单词。Ifyouhaveanywater,pleasegivemesome.31.因为：because,常是对why的回答，语气最强。since,位置：Since…，….Sinceit’salreadylate,Imustgonow.for,位置：…，for….语气最弱。Idrovecarefully,forit’ssnowing.as有时也指“因为”，用法基本无限制。32.表推测：must,may,might,can,could,can’tmust“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。Thereisthedoorbell,itmustbeTom.may/might“也许”一般用于肯定句，may比might可能性大。Sheiscomingtous.Shemightbeournewteacher.can/could“可能”could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。Youcouldberight,butIdon’tthinkyouare.Thelightintheofficeisoff.Theteachercan’tbetherenow.33.so与such区别：so是副词，后跟形容词/副词，sotall/slowly…such是形容词，后跟名词短语。suchbadweather/goodnews…;suchabeautifulgirl/animportantlesson/aheavystone…;suchkindboys/newdesks/friendlypeople/amazingmovies…;若名词前形容词是many,much,few,little时，不用such,而用so.somanyflowers/muchrain/fewfriends/littlewater…也常有“so/such…that…”句型，译为“如此…以致于…”。34.so的另两个用法：1so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语，“…也”上下文所指不是同一个人或物。Thetwinsareworking,soamI.Iwillstayuptonight,andsowillPeter.以及对话形式：A:Iwokeuplatethismorning.B:SodidI.2so+主语+be/情态动词/助动词，“的确…是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A:Wehavelunchatschool.B:Soyoudo.又如：A:Brucecanworkouttheproblem.B:Sohecan.第24页共24页\n35.neither/nor用法之一：neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语“…也不”上文是否定句。Shedidn’tgetwell,nordidherbrother.或对话形式：A:Jimhasn’thadbreakfast.B:NeitherhaveI.36.keep,make,get,have用法：1keep+sb/sthdoingsth“让…一直做…”I’msorryforkeepingyouwaitingsolong.keep+doingsth“坚持做某事”2make+sb/sthdosth让…做某事I’lltrytomakeyouunderstandwhatImean.IfeelsorrythatIhavemadehimwaitforlong.3get+sb/sthtodosth.让…做某事。HegotPetertobuyhimapen.4have+宾语+动词原形/ing/过去分词Havehimdoit,please.让他做它吧。Wehadthemachineworking.我们让那台机器一直工作着。Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让那台机器被修理了）。5也都可接形容词：keepsafe/busy,keepthedoorclosed/open,makeushappy,getthedoorclosed,haveeverythingready.37.used短语：usedto+动原，“过去常常”Heusedtosmoke.beusedto译为“被用来…”，后接动原。Itisusedtocutthings.beusedto译为“习惯于…”，后接动词ing或名词/代词.如：He’susedtoworkinglate./Weareallusedtofollowingothers.beusedfor+目的（名词或动词ing）如：Englishisusedforbusiness./Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.38.through/past/across:都可作介词，“穿过”前常有位移动词。Heclimbedthroughthewindowandsawwhathecouldtakeaway.Hewentpastmewithoutsayinganywords.Heswamacrosstheriver.【through,内部;past,旁边;across,表面。】位移动词+past相当于动词pass;位移动词+across相当于cross.39.thenumberof/anumberof:前者“…的数量”；后者“许多的”都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。Thenumberofthetreesistwothousand.用单数is.Anumberoftreeshavebeencutdown.用复数have.40.延续性动词：How第24页共24页\nlong，since，for，(以上见84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词。HowlongmayIkeepthisnovel?I’velivedheresince2002.Let’swaituntilhecomesback..但否定句中可用短暂性动词：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:1Allboys/AlloftheboysarefromChina.all接可数复数，谓语也用复数。Allofthewaterispolluted.若接不可数，谓语用单数。2Eachboy/Eachoftheboyshasadifferentbag.each接名词单数或接of+限定词+复数，后谓语都用单数。3Bothofthetwinsareclever.后面谓语用复数。4Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentherebefore.none+of+限定词+复数,谓语用单、复数都可。另见885-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-EitherdayisOK./EitherofthedaysisOK.谓语用单数。6-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-Sorry,Ihavetolookaftermymotherthesetwodays.Thatis,neithertimeisOK./neitherofthedaysisOK.谓语用单数。all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/“每一个”/“没有一个”。both/either/neither两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个”42.计量表达法：数量+单位+形容词。Thebuildingistwentymeterstall./Thestreetisfortymeterswide.Thefishisfivekilosheavy./Thisbabyisonlysixmonthsold.若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。Theyduganeight-meter-deephole./.Iboughta10-kilo-heavyfish.It’sapieceof2-meter-thickice./Theybuilta50-meter-widestreet.It’satwo-monthholiday.(此处计量中的形容词long可省略。)43.MustI/MayI/NeedI…?用法：1MustI…?我必须…吗？A:MustIfinishthework?B:Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.2MayI…?我可以…吗？A:MayIgooutforawalknow?B:Yes,youcan./No,youmustn’t/can’t.第24页共24页\n3NeedI…?我有必要…吗？A:NeedIcleanthehouse?B:Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.44.hundred/thousand/million/billion:前有具体数字，不加s及of.否则加s,加of.如：thousandsoftrees;manymillionsofpeople.ninehundredpeople,tenthousandstudents等。但前若有several,后常不加s和of：severalmillionpounds45.反意疑问句(QT)部分用法:1something,nothing,anything,everything作主语，QT主语用it.Somethingiswrong,isn’tit?/Nothingisdifficult,isit?2IthinkLucycandowellintheexam,can’tshe?Idon’tthinkhewillcomehereontime,willhe?QT要结合think后的从句而定。3祈使句的QT一般用willyou?而Let’s…用shallwe?Getupnow,willyou?Don’tbenoisy,willyou?Bequiet,willyou?Pleasedon’ttalk,willyou?Letusdoitnow,willyou?Let’sdoitnow,shallwe?4Therebe句型，QT主语用there.Thereisamanworkinginthefield,isn’tthere?ThereusedtobeameetingonFriday,didn’tthere?Therewon’tbeamovieinthetheatre,willthere?46.puton,wear,dress,in:1puton,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。Youshouldputonyourcoatwhenyouleave.2wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。Healwayswearstheyellowsweaterinwinter./Ilikewearingbeautifulclothes.3dress,“给…穿衣”后接人。Youcandressyourself,baby.Lucyisdressingherlittlebrothernow.bedressedin后常接具有某种特征的衣物。Theladyisdressedinawhiteskirt/white.可直接加表颜色的词。4in,“穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。Thewomaninawhiteskirtismyteacher.Doyouknowthegirlinaredcoat?I’veseentheboyinyellow.47.虚拟语气部分用法：在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气，即if第24页共24页\n从句中用一般过去时，而主句动词用would/should+动词原形，表示与现在相反的主观设想，也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。（注意：虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.）Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.(与现在事实相反)IfIgotrich,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.(可能性很小)48.other/others/theother/theothers/another:1如果不特定指出哪一个，是泛指，“另一个”要用another,后加可数名词单数。Ifyouarestillthirsty,youmayhaveanothercupoftea.（没特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup是单数。）another也可+数字+可数复数：Themeetingwilllastanothertwohours./Weneedanothersixdesks.2如果只有两个或只有两部分，就给出了范围，其中另一个或另一部分是特指(other前有the.)，有如下用法：第一种，所说内容只有两个：Mrs.Greenhastwosons,oneisinterestedinmath,theother(one/son)isgoodatscience.【只有两个，用theother,不加s,后面名词可省略。】又如：Thispairofshoesisstrange.Oneisblue,yettheotherisgreen.这双鞋子很怪，一只蓝色，而另一只绿色。第二种，只有两部分：此种情况下theother后接可数名词复数，或不接名词而只在theother后加s.Twofifthsofthestudentsinourclassareboys,theotherstudentsaregirls/theothersaregirls.Twochildrenwent,buttheothersstayed.（其他孩子都留下了。）3如果没有显示出只有两部分，未给出范围，则是泛指，不加the.LeiFenglikedhelpingotherpeople/others.Haveyouanyotherquestions?Alicedidn’tlikethatdress,sosheaskedtoseesomeothers.4other的另一用法：用比较级的形式，体现最高级的含义。Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.(划线中boy用单数)=Heistallerthanalltheotherboysinhisclass.(划线中boy用复数)他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。49.howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar:1howlong是对长度或时间段提问。Howlongistheriver?-It’s5,000kilometerslong.Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?-Forfivemonths./Since2002.2howoften是对频率提问，如：never,sometimes,often,usually,always,onceaweek,twiceaday,threetimesayear,everyday等。HowoftendoyouwatchTV?-Everytwodays./Twiceaweek.【若只有次数，则用howmanytimes提问：HowmanytimesdoyouwatchTVaweek?-Twice./onlyonce.】第24页共24页\n3howsoon是对“in+时间段”提问：HowsoonwillyoureturntoBeijing?-Inaweek./Intwodays.4howfar是对时间段’s+walk/ride/drive或计量表达提问。-Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?-Fiveminutes’walk./Anhour’sride./Thirteenminutes’drive.或者说：It’sabout20kilometers(far)away.（问和回答不同。）50.分数表达：二分之一:halfa/an或ahalf.如：halfanhour=ahalfhour半小时It’shalfpastseven.(省略冠词)以下情况中，分子(基数词)若超过一，分母(序数词)需加s：三分之一:a/onethird三分之二:twothirds四分之一:a/onefourth或a/onequarter四分之三:threefourths或threequarters.五分之一:a/onefifth五分之二:twofifths其它类推。若分数所在of短语作主语，谓语依of后的名词而定：Twofifthsofthestudentsareontime.(指名词复数时，谓用复)Twofifthsofthelandispolluted.（指不可数时，谓用单）51.到达：1getto+地点gettoShanghai/London/China接地点副词时，不带to.getthere/home/here.2arrivein+大地点(Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arriveat+小地点(school/hospital)，arrive只作不及物动词。所以也可单独用：Pleaseringmeupwhenyouarrive.reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reachBeijing/England但常不说reachhome/there/here.52.感叹句：What+名词短语+主语+谓语！Whatlazyboys(theyare)!Whathardwork!Whatgoodnews!Whatagoodidea!Whatbadweather(itis)!Whatapity!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howhardtheworkis!Howfastheruns!Howrudeyouare!Howcarefullytheyarelistening!Howbadtheweatheris!53.because/instead/out等与加of的区别：第24页共24页\n1because后接句子，becauseof接名词或代词。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill./becauseofhisillness.2instead是副词，单独在句尾。insteadof还要接名词或代词。Wedidn’thaverice,wehadnoodlesinstead./insteadofit.3out副词，可单独用，但若接地点，先加of.（也可作介词，“向…外”，可不加of.一般不要求掌握。)Hewentoutearly.或Hewentoutofthehouseearly.54.toomuch,toomany与muchtoo:muchtoo“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。muchtoobig/slowly等。toomuch“太多的”，加不可数名词。toomuchwork/rain等。toomany“太多的”，加可数复数。toomanybooks/people等。55.alone/lonely:1alone,“独自一人；单独”不含感情色彩。可当形容词，但只在系动词后作表语：Jackisalone.杰克是单身。Theoldwomanisaloneinthehouse.那位老妇一个人在屋里。可当副词，修饰动词：Shelivesalone.她独居。Canyoumovethestonealone?你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗？Dickiswalkingonthebeachalone.狄克独自在海滩漫步。（注意：不可说veryalone.但可说verymuchalone.是特例）2lonely,“孤独的；寂寞的”带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。可在系动词后作表语：Theoldmanislonely.这位老人是孤独的。Hehasmanyrelatives,buthefeelslonely.他有很多亲戚，但感到孤独。（lonely和心理感受有关，而alone和心理感受无关。）也可在名词前作定语：alonelyperson一位孤独的人alonelyvillage一个偏僻的村庄（alone不可作定语）56.belongto与be:Thissuitbelongstome/Lucy/mybrother.(人)Thissuitismine/Lucy’s/mybrother’s/hers.（某物是某人的）57.by常见用法：1“通过”IstudyEnglishbymemorizinggrammar.Youcanknowitbylookingitupinadictionary.Hetravelsbybike.2“截止到”Willyoufinishthetaskbytomorrow?Thetrainhadleftbythetimehegotthere.第24页共24页\n3“被”ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.4“经过”Hepassedbymewithoutnoticingme.5“在……旁边”Sitbyme.Theyareplayingbytheriver.第24页共24页